Biogenic factors explain soil carbon in paired urban and natural ecosystems worldwide

12 páginas.- 4 figuras.- 49 referencia.- Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-023-01646-z .- Full-text access to a view-only version (Acceso a texto completo de sólo lectura en este enlace) https://rdcu.be/c8vZiUrban greenspaces support multiple nature-based services, many of which depend on the amount of soil carbon (C). Yet, the environmental drivers of soil C and its sensitivity to warming are still poorly understood globally. Here we use soil samples from 56 paired urban greenspaces and natural ecosystems worldwide and combine soil C concentration and size fractionation measures with metagenomics and warming incubations. We show that surface soils in urban and natural ecosystems sustain similar C concentrations that follow comparable negative relationships with temperature. Plant productivity’s contribution to explaining soil C was higher in natural ecosystems, while in urban ecosystems, the soil microbial biomass had the greatest explanatory power. Moreover, the soil microbiome supported a faster C mineralization rate with experimental warming in urban greenspaces compared with natural ecosystems. Consequently, urban management strategies should consider the soil microbiome to maintain soil C and related ecosystem services.This study was supported by a 2019 Leonardo Grant for Researchers and Cultural Creators, BBVA Foundation (URBANFUN), and by BES Grant Agreement No. LRB17\1019 (MUSGONET). M.D-B., P.G-P., J.D. and A.R. acknowledge support from TED2021-130908B-C41/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ Unión Europea NextGenerationEU/PRTR. M.D.-B. also acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for the I + D + i project PID2020-115813RA-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. M.D.-B. was also supported by a project of the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) and the Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades of the Junta de Andalucía (FEDER Andalucía 2014-2020 Objetivo temático ‘01 - Refuerzo de la investigación, el desarrollo tecnológico y la innovación’) associated with the research project P20_00879 (ANDABIOMA). D.J.E. was supported by the Hermon Slade Foundation. J.P.V. thanks the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB) (EEQ/2021/001083, SIR/2022/000626) and the Department of Science and Technology (DST), India (DST/INT/SL/P-31/2021) and Banaras Hindu Univeristy-IoE (6031)-incentive grant for financial assistance for research in plant-microbe interaction and soil microbiome. J.D. and A. Rodríguez acknowledge support from the FCT (2020.03670.CEECIND and SFRH/BDP/108913/2015, respectively), as well as from the MCTES, FSE, UE and the CFE (UIDB/04004/2021) research unit financed by FCT/MCTES through national funds (PIDDAC).Peer reviewe

How well do pediatric anesthesiologists agree when assigning ASA physical status classifications to their patients?

Background: The scope and application of the American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status (ASA PS) classification has been called into question and interobserver consistency even by specialist anesthesiologists has been described as only fair. Our purpose was to evaluate the consistency of the application of the ASA PS amongst a group of pediatric anesthesiologists. Methods: We randomly selected 400 names from the active list of specialist members of the Society for Pediatric Anesthesia. Respondents were asked to rate 10 hypothetical pediatric patients and answer four demographic questions. Results: We received 267 surveys, yielding a response rate of 66.8% and the highest number of responses in any study of this nature. The spread of answers was wide across almost all cases. Only one case had a response spread of only two classifications, with the remaining cases having three or more different ASA PS classifications chosen. The most variability was found for a hypothetical patient with severe trauma, who received five different ASA PS classifications. The Modified Kappa Statistic was 0.5, suggesting moderate agreement. No significant difference between the private and academic anesthesiologists was found (P = 0.26). Conclusions: We present the largest evaluation of interobserver consistency in ASA PS in pediatric patients by pediatric anesthesiologists. We conclude that agreement between anesthesiologists is only moderate and suggest standardizing assessment, so that it reflects the patient status at the time of anesthesia, including any acute medical or surgical conditions. © 2007 The Authors

Phantom limb pain in young cancer-related amputees: recent experience at St Jude Children's Research Hospital

OBJECTIVES: This study in children and young adults having cancer-related amputation aimed to examine the incidence of phantom limb pain (PLP) in the first year after amputation and also the proportion of patients who had preamputation pain. METHODS: A retrospective review of medical records was undertaken. The proportion of patients with PLP was reported. Fisher exact test was used to examine the association between PLP and the presence of preamputation pain and between PLP and age (≤ 18 y vs. >18 y). RESULTS: Twenty-six amputations were performed on 25 patients. During the year after amputation, 76% of patients had experienced PLP at some time. After 1 year, though, only 10% still had PLP. Preamputation pain was present in 64% of patients. Although both of our patients with PLP at 1 year were young adults (older than or equal to 18 y) and both had preamputation pain, we found no statistically significant associations between age or the presence of preamputation pain with PLP. DISCUSSION: PLP after cancer-related amputation in children and young adults seems to be common but generally short lived in most patients.Laura L. Burgoyne, Catherine A. Billups, José L. Jirón Jr, Roland N. Kaddoum, Becky B. Wright, George B. Bikhazi, Mary Edna Parish, and Lilia A. Pereira

Conservación de la tuberculina PPD RT-23

Objetivo: Aunque se recomienda que tras la apertura y utilización de los viales de tuberculina PPD RT-23 el producto restante no debe usarse pasadas 24-48 h, esto habitualmente no se cumple. El propósito de este estudio es evaluar si el mantenimiento de los frascos de tuberculina PPD RT-23 abiertos durante más tiempo de lo recomendado puede influir en los resultados de la prueba de la tuberculina o en la posibilidad de la contaminación microbiana del producto. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo transversal. Se realizaron de forma sincrónica 2 pruebas de la tuberculina en distintos antebrazos a contactos adultos de enfermos con tuberculosis activa, una con la tuberculina recién abierta (control) y otra con tuberculina de un frasco abierto una semana (en una primera fase) o un mes antes (en una segunda fase) (tuberculina estudio). Se cultivó la tuberculina sobrante de varios de los viales utilizados. Resultados: En los 127 pacientes del primer grupo (una semana), la media (± desviación estándar) del diámetro de la induración fue de 6,2 ± 6,7 mm con la tuberculina estudio y de 6,3 ± 6,9 mm con la control (p = 0,3). En los 81 pacientes del segundo grupo (un mes) fue de 5,5 ± 7,3 mm con la tuberculina estudio y de 5,7 ± 7,3 mm con la control (p = 0,5). No se observaron diferencias en la frecuencia de pruebas positivas. En ninguna de las tuberculinas cultivadas se obtuvo crecimiento bacteriano. Conclusiones: Parece que la tuberculina PPD RT-23 2UT no pierde potencia ni se contamina, aunque se mantengan abiertos los frascos durante una semana o un mes