11,111 research outputs found
A influência da presença de ferro endógeno na remediação de diesel via reagente de Fenton modificado.
Este trabalho avaliou a eficiência catalítica do ferro endógeno na reação de Fenton para a remediação de diferentes solos tropicais contaminados com o óleo diesel com diferentes teores das seguintes formas de ferro endógenos: amorfo, pedogenético, biodisponível e total. Em 70% de degradação do óleo diesel. Íons férricos encontrados, naturalmente, nos solos brasileiros também catalisam a decomposição do H2O2 para geração de radicais hidroxilas. Contudo, foi observado que a taxa de remediação é dependente das formas de ferro encontradas nos solos
The loop-quantum-gravity vertex-amplitude
Spinfoam theories are hoped to provide the dynamics of non-perturbative loop
quantum gravity. But a number of their features remain elusive. The best
studied one -the euclidean Barrett-Crane model- does not have the boundary
state space needed for this, and there are recent indications that,
consequently, it may fail to yield the correct low-energy -point functions.
These difficulties can be traced to the SO(4) -> SU(2) gauge fixing and the way
certain second class constraints are imposed, arguably incorrectly, strongly.
We present an alternative model, that can be derived as a bona fide
quantization of a Regge discretization of euclidean general relativity, and
where the constraints are imposed weakly. Its state space is a natural subspace
of the SO(4) spin-network space and matches the SO(3) hamiltonian spin network
space. The model provides a long sought SO(4)-covariant vertex amplitude for
loop quantum gravity.Comment: 6page
Fe-Ni alloys in a unique Antarctic meteorite: Yamato-791694
Phase composition and structure of iron-nickel alloys in Y-791694 are discussed and compared to other non-Antarctic Ni-rich ataxites using the results obtained by Mossbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction
Coherent states, constraint classes, and area operators in the new spin-foam models
Recently, two new spin-foam models have appeared in the literature, both
motivated by a desire to modify the Barrett-Crane model in such a way that the
imposition of certain second class constraints, called cross-simplicity
constraints, are weakened. We refer to these two models as the FKLS model, and
the flipped model. Both of these models are based on a reformulation of the
cross-simplicity constraints. This paper has two main parts. First, we clarify
the structure of the reformulated cross-simplicity constraints and the nature
of their quantum imposition in the new models. In particular we show that in
the FKLS model, quantum cross-simplicity implies no restriction on states. The
deeper reason for this is that, with the symplectic structure relevant for
FKLS, the reformulated cross-simplicity constraints, in a certain relevant
sense, are now \emph{first class}, and this causes the coherent state method of
imposing the constraints, key in the FKLS model, to fail to give any
restriction on states. Nevertheless, the cross-simplicity can still be seen as
implemented via suppression of intertwiner degrees of freedom in the dynamical
propagation. In the second part of the paper, we investigate area spectra in
the models. The results of these two investigations will highlight how, in the
flipped model, the Hilbert space of states, as well as the spectra of area
operators exactly match those of loop quantum gravity, whereas in the FKLS (and
Barrett-Crane) models, the boundary Hilbert spaces and area spectra are
different.Comment: 21 pages; statements about gamma limits made more precise, and minor
phrasing change
Mossbauer spectroscopy study of the metallic particles extracted from the Antarctic chondrite Allan Hills-769
Pieces of the Antarctic L6 chondrite Allan Hills-769 (ALH-769) have been submitted to magnetic and chemical separation in order to obtain small metallic grains of the special ordered crystal structure of AuCu-type tetrataenite. The samples have been analyzed in each step of preparation by Mossbauer spectroscopy and other techniques
Avaliação do escurecimento de grãos de linhagens de feijoeiro-comum, no Estado de Mato Grosso.
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar linhagens de grão carioca com escurecimento lento de grãos no estado de Mato Grosso.CONAF
Comparison of H/AL stoichiometry of mineral and organic soils in Brazil.
Exchangeable Al has been used as a criterion for the calculation of lime requirement in several Brazilian States. However, the laboratory method with extraction by a 1 mol L-1 KCl solution followed by indirect alkaline titration is not accurate for some Brazilian soils, mainly in the case of soils with high organic matter content. The objective of this study was therefore to evaluate the stoichiometry of H+/Al3+ in KCl soil extracts. The results suggested that organically complexed Al is the main contributor to exchangeable acidity in soils enriched with organic matter. Liming recommendations for organic soils based exclusively on exchangeable Al determined by the NaOH titration method should therefore be revised. A determinação de alumínio trocável é utilizada como critério para cálculo de calagem em vários estados brasileiros. Contudo, a determinação indireta pela titulação com NaOH, após extração com solução de KCl 1 mol L-1, pode não ser adequada para certos tipos de solos brasileiros, notadamente aqueles que apresentem altos teores de carbono orgânico. Dessa forma, o principal objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a estequiometria da relação H+/Al3+ em extratos de KCl. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que o Al complexado pela matéria orgânica, em solos orgânicos, é o principal contribuinte para a acidez trocável obtida por titulação. Dessa forma, a recomendação de calagem em solos orgânicos baseado somente na determinação de alumínio trocável por titulação com NaOH deve ser revista
Numerical indications on the semiclassical limit of the flipped vertex
We introduce a technique for testing the semiclassical limit of a quantum
gravity vertex amplitude. The technique is based on the propagation of a
semiclassical wave packet. We apply this technique to the newly introduced
"flipped" vertex in loop quantum gravity, in order to test the intertwiner
dependence of the vertex. Under some drastic simplifications, we find very
preliminary, but surprisingly good numerical evidence for the correct classical
limit.Comment: 4 pages, 8 figure
Relação entre acidez e outros atributos químicos em solos com teores elevados de matéria orgânica.
O elevado teor de matéria orgânica dos Organossolos confere-lhes características edáficas próprias, que podem ser contrastantes em relação ao observado em solos minerais. Devido à forte interação entre a matéria orgânica e os elementos a ela adsorvidos, os métodos de rotina em fertilidade do solo podem não avaliar de forma adequada a acidez nos Organossolos. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram caracterizar e estabelecer relações entre atributos do complexo sortivo e a acidez em solos com alto teor de carbono. Foram avaliados doze perfis, onze Organossolos e um Cambissolo, de diferentes Estados brasileiros, coletados de 2000 a 2002. Os perfis foram separados em ambientes de várzeas e planícies litorâneas e solos de ambiente altimontano e planalto. Além da caracterização dos perfis, segundo métodos da Embrapa, o pH foi analisado por diferentes métodos e foram determinados os teores de C, usando um analisador elementar (C_CHN), e a matéria orgânica pelo método da mufla (MO_mufla). Pelos resultados, verificase que os métodos de determinação de pH em água, em KCl e o pH SMP podem ser usados para expressar a acidez desses solos. Observou-se alta correlação entre o pH SMP e a acidez potencial. Os teores de C_CHN e de MO_mufla tiveram correlação significativa, porém negativa, com o pH em água e positiva com os valores T e H. O comportamento diferenciado da acidez dos solos, em função do ambiente de formação, indica ser importante esta separação no manejo da acidez e na avaliação da fertilidade em Organossolos
A New Class of Group Field Theories for 1st Order Discrete Quantum Gravity
Group Field Theories, a generalization of matrix models for 2d gravity,
represent a 2nd quantization of both loop quantum gravity and simplicial
quantum gravity. In this paper, we construct a new class of Group Field Theory
models, for any choice of spacetime dimension and signature, whose Feynman
amplitudes are given by path integrals for clearly identified discrete gravity
actions, in 1st order variables. In the 3-dimensional case, the corresponding
discrete action is that of 1st order Regge calculus for gravity (generalized to
include higher order corrections), while in higher dimensions, they correspond
to a discrete BF theory (again, generalized to higher order) with an imposed
orientation restriction on hinge volumes, similar to that characterizing
discrete gravity. The new models shed also light on the large distance or
semi-classical approximation of spin foam models. This new class of group field
theories may represent a concrete unifying framework for loop quantum gravity
and simplicial quantum gravity approaches.Comment: 48 pages, 4 figures, RevTeX, one reference adde
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