Aleitamento materno exclusivo e baixo peso em crianças de zero a seis meses acompanhadas na atenção básica no Brasil, 2017

Objetivo: Descrever as prevalências de baixo peso e aleitamento materno exclusivo (AME) em crianças de zero a seis meses acompanhadas na Atenção Básica no Brasil em 2017, identificando sua distribuição espacial. Métodos: Tratou-se de um estudo observacional, descritivo e ecológico a partir da análise de dados do Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional. A distribuição de registros obtidos foi comparada às estimativas populacionais do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Para avaliação do AME, equipes da Atenção Básica utilizaram marcadores de consumo alimentar do dia anterior. Quanto ao baixo peso, usou-se: estatura/idade (E/I), peso/ idade (P/I) e índice de massa corpórea (IMC)/idade (IMC/I), conforme referências da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS). Foram calculados os intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%) para prevalências obtidas, sendo plotadas em mapas, por Unidade da Federação (UF). Resultados: Obteve-se dados de 88,7 e 32,2% dos municípios brasileiros em relação à antropometria e ao consumo alimentar, correspondendo a 167.393 e 66.136 crianças, respectivamente. Em comparação à distribuição populacional, o número de registros esteve subestimado nas regiões Norte e Nordeste para antropometria/consumo e com proporções distintas na região Sul para antropometria e na região Sudeste para consumo. As prevalências encontradas foram: AME – 56,6% (IC95% 56,2– 56,9); baixa E/I – 10,6% (IC95% 10,5–10,8); baixo P/I – 9,0% (IC95% 8,9–9,1); e baixo IMC/I – 5,8% (IC95% 5,7–6,0).Objective: To describe the prevalence of underweight and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in children aged zero to six months followed by Primary Care in Brazil in 2017, identifying their spatial distribution. Methods: This was an observational, descriptive and ecological study based on data analysis of the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System. The distribution of records obtained was compared to the population estimates of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). In order to evaluate the EBF, Primary Health Care teams used food ingestion from the previous day. As for underweight, we used: Length-for-age (L/A), Weight-for-age (W/A) and BMI-for-age (BMI/A), according to World Health Organization (WHO) references. Confidence Intervals were calculated 95% (95%CI) for prevalences obtained, being plotted on maps by Federation Unit. Results: Data were obtained from 88.7 and 32.2% of Brazilian municipalities regarding anthropometry and food consumption, corresponding to 167,393 and 66,136 children, respectively. Compared to population distribution, the number of records was underestimated in the North and Northeast for anthropometry/ consumption, with distinct proportions in the South for anthropometry and Southeast for consumption. The prevalences found were: EBF – 56.6% (95%CI 56.2–56.9); under L/A – 10.6% (95%CI 10.5–10.8); under W/A – 9.0% (95%CI 8.9–9.1); and under BMI/A – 5.8% (95%CI 5.7–6.0). Conclusions: The estimate of EBF in Brazil was similar to previous studies, but food consumption data still have low coverage, compromising the estimate in some locations. Regarding anthropometry, high rates of low L/A, W/A and BMI/A stood out in some states, considerably above the previous national estimate. Conclusões: A estimativa de AME no Brasil aproximou-se de estudos anteriores, mas dados de consumo alimentar ainda possuem baixa cobertura, comprometendo a estimativa em algumas localidades. Referente à antropometria, destacaram-se elevadas taxas de baixos E/I, P/I e IMC/I em alguns Estados, consideravelmente acima da estimativa nacional anterior

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora