25 research outputs found

    Resistant enterococci isolated from raw sheep’s milk and cheeses from South region of Brazil

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    Enterococci have been used as sentinel organisms for monitoring antimicrobial resistance in food, humans, and other animals. In this sense, the present study evaluated the antimicrobial susceptibility profile and the presence of genes associated with resistance to erythromycin (msrC and ermB) and tetracycline [tet(M) and/or tet(L)] in enterococci isolated from raw sheep’s milk and cheeses (colonial, feta-, and pecorino-type) from South region of Brazil. A total of 156 enterococci were isolated from milk (n=80) and cheese (n=76) samples, identified by MALDI-TOF. Enterococcus faecalis (50.6%; n=79) was the most frequent species isolated from both samples. According to in vitro susceptibility tests, enterococci strains were not susceptible to the most commonly antimicrobial agents used in human and veterinary medicine. The frequency of MDR strains in enterococci isolated from milk (53.7%) was higher than those from cheese (24.2%). The tet(M) gene was the most commonly detected among tetracycline not-susceptible strains. The present study provided the first evidence of antimicrobial not-susceptible enterococci in raw sheep’s milk and cheeses in South Brazil. Drug-resistant strains, particularly those that are MDR, constitute a One Health issue.Os enterococos tĂȘm sido usados como organismos sentinela para monitorar o padrĂŁo de suscetibilidade a antimicrobianos em alimentos, humanos e outros animais. Neste sentido, o presente estudo objetivou avaliar o perfil de susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos e os genes associados com a resistĂȘncia a eritromicina (msrC and ermB) e Ă  tetraciclina [tet(M) and/or tet(L)] em enterococos isolados de leite cru de ovelha e queijos (colonial, tipo-feta e tipo-pecorino) do Sul do Brasil. Um total de 156 enterococos foram isolados de leite (n=80) e queijo (n=76), identificados por MALDI-TOF. Enterococcus faecalis (50,6%; n=79) foi a espĂ©cie mais frequentemente isolada de ambas as amostras. De acordo com o teste de suscetibilidade in vitro, as cepas de enterococos nĂŁo foram susceptĂ­veis aos agentes antimicrobianos mais comumente utilizados na clĂ­nica humana e veterinĂĄria. A frequĂȘncia de cepas de enterococos MDR isoladas do leite (53,7%) foi superior Ă  do queijo (24,2%). O gene tet(M) foi o mais comumente detectado entre as cepas nĂŁo susceptĂ­veis Ă  tetraciclina. O presente estudo fornece as primeiras evidĂȘncias de enterococos nĂŁo susceptĂ­veis aos antimicrobianos em leite cru de ovelha e queijos no Sul do Brasil. Cepas resistentes a drogas, particularmente as que sĂŁo MDR, representam uma preocupação de SaĂșde Única

    Frequency of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPRs) in non-clinical Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium strains

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    The fidelity of the genomes is defended by mechanism known as Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) systems. Three Type II CRISPR systems (CRISPR1-cas, CRISPR2 and CRISPR3-cas) have been identified in enterococci isolates from clinical and environmental samples. The aim of this study was to observe the distribution of CRISPR1-cas, CRISPR2 and CRISPR3-cas in non-clinical strains of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolates from food and fecal samples, including wild marine animals. The presence of CRISPRs was evaluated by PCR in 120 enterococci strains, 67 E. faecalis and 53 E. faecium. It is the first report of the presence of the CRISPRs system in E. faecalis and E. faecium strains isolated from wild marine animal fecal samples. The results showed that in non-clinical strains, the CRISPRs were more frequently detected in E. faecalis than in E. faecium. And the frequencies of CRISPR1-cas and CRISPR2 were higher (60%) in E. faecalis strains isolated from animal feces, compared to food samples. Both strains showed low frequencies of CRISPR3-cas (8.95% and 1.88%). In conclusion, the differences in the habitats of enterococcal species may be related with the results observe in distribution of CRISPRs systems.A fidelidade dos genomas Ă© defendida por mecanismos conhecidos como sistemas de repetiçÔes palindrĂŽmicas curtas agrupadas e regularmente interespaçadas (CRISPRs). TrĂȘs tipos de sistemas CRISPR II (CRISPR1-cas, CRISPR2 e CRISPR3-cas) tĂȘm sido identificados em cepas de enterococos isolados de amostras clĂ­nicas e ambientais. O objetivo deste estudo foi observar a distribuição dos CRISPR1-cas, CRISPR2 e CRISPR3-cas em cepas nĂŁo-clĂ­nicas de Enterococcus faecalis e Enterococcus faecium isoladas de amostras alimentĂ­cias e fecais, incluindo animais marinhos selvagens. A presenca dos CRISPRs foi determinada por PCR em 120 cepas de enterococos, sendo 67 E. faecalis e 53 E. faecium. É o primeiro relato da presença do sistema CRISPRs nas estirpes E. faecalis e E. faecium isoladas de amostras fecais de animais marinhos selvagens. Os resultados mostraram que em cepas nĂŁo-clĂ­nicas, os CRISPRs foram mais frequentemente detectados em E. faecalis do que em E. faecium. E as frequĂȘncias de CRISPR1-cas e CRISPR2 foram maiores (60%) em cepas de E. faecalis isoladas de fezes de animais, quando comparadas Ă  amostras de alimentos. Ambas as cepas apresentaram baixas freqĂŒĂȘncias de CRISPR3-cas (8,95% e 1,88%). Em conclusĂŁo, as diferenças nos habitats das espĂ©cies de enterococos podem estar relacionadas com os resultados observados na distribuição dos sistemas CRISPRs

    Antimicrobial resistance and genetic relationships of enterococci from siblings and non-siblings Heliconius erato phyllis caterpillars

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    Background: Studies evaluating bacteria in insects can provide information about host–microorganism–environment interactions. The gut microbial community has a profound effect on different physiological functions of insects. Enterococcus spp. are part of the gut community in humans and other animals, as well as in insects. The presence and antimicrobial resistance profile of enterococci are well studied in different animals; however, data for Heliconius erato phyllis (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) do not yet exist. Therefore, the aims of this study were to evaluate the distribution of enterococcal species, their antimicrobial resistance profile and virulence genes, and the genetic relationships between enterococci isolated from fecal samples from sibling and non-sibling H. erato phyllis caterpillars collected from different sites in South Brazil. Methods: Three H. erato phyllis females were captured (two from a forest fragment and one from an urban area), and kept individually in open-air insectaries. Eggs were collected and caterpillars (siblings and non-siblings) were fed daily with Passiflora suberosa leaves. Fecal samples (n = 12) were collected from fifth-instar caterpillars, inoculated in selective medium, and 15 bacterial colonies were randomly selected from each sample. Enterococci were identified by PCR and MALDI-TOF, analyzed by disk diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility tests, and screened for resistance and virulence genes by PCR. The genetic relationships between the strains were determined using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results: A total of 178 enterococci strains were identified: E. casseliflavus (74.15%; n = 132), E. mundtii (21.34%; n = 38), E. faecalis (1.12%; n = 2) and Enterococcus sp. (3.37%; n = 6). High rates of resistance to rifampicin (56%) and erythromycin (31%) were observed; 120 (67.41%) of the isolates showed resistance to at least one antibiotic and six (3.37%) were multidrug-resistant. None of the erythromycin-resistant strains was positive for the erm(B) and msrC genes. The virulence genes esp, ace, and gelE were observed in 35%, 7%, and 1% of the strains, respectively. PFGE separated the enterococci into 22 patterns, four being composed of strains from sibling caterpillars. Conclusion: Enterococcus casseliflavus was the dominant species in fecal samples of fifth-instar caterpillars. Resistant enterococci strains may be related to environmental pollution or the resistome. The PFGE analysis showed genetic relationships between some strains, suggesting that the enterococci isolated from fecal samples of the sibling caterpillars might have come from common sources, e.g., via diet (herbivory) and/or vertical transmission (through the egg surface). Further studies will be conducted to better understand the role of Enterococcus in the microbial community of the gastrointestinal tract of these insects, and the mechanisms involved in acquisition and maintenance of enterococci

    Identificação genotĂ­pica, fatores de virulĂȘncia e capacidade de formação de biofilme in vitro de enterococcus spp. isolados de leite bubalino no sul do Brasil

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    O consumo de leite de bĂșfala e seus derivados tĂȘm aumentado significativamente em decorrĂȘncia da procura por produtos mais nutritivos e com menor teor de colesterol. O queijo mussarela Ă© o principal produto processado a partir do leite bubalino cru, entretanto, a presença de bactĂ©rias patogĂȘnicas podem trazer muitos prejuĂ­zos aos consumidores desses alimentos in natura. Neste sentido, o objetivo desse estudo foi identificar genotipicamente e caracterizar os fatores de virulĂȘncia de enterococos isolados de amostras de leite cru de bĂșfalas no sul do Brasil. Setenta e nove bactĂ©rias isoladas de leite bubalino foram submetidas a identificação genotĂ­pica para confirmação do gĂȘnero atravĂ©s da presença ou ausĂȘncia do gene tuf e as espĂ©cies foram identificadas por PCR multiplex. AlĂ©m disso, os enterococos foram avaliados quanto Ă  capacidade de formação de biofilme e anĂĄlise genotĂ­pica dos fatores de virulĂȘncia agg, ace, gelE e produção da enzima gelatinase. Das setenta e nove amostras testadas, apenas 3 apresentaram resultados discordantes quando comparado as tĂ©cnicas de identificação fenotĂ­pica e genotĂ­pica. Entre as espĂ©cies encontradas, E. faecalis foi a mais frequente entre os isolados, sendo tambĂ©m a que mais abrigou genes de virulĂȘncia e a que mais teve representantes formadores de biofilme. Dessa forma, Enterococcus spp. sĂŁo patĂłgenos nosocomiais e a sua investigação, faz-se necessĂĄria para garantir segurança e qualidade dos alimentos que consumimos
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