O conhecimento dos professores e alunos da rede pública de ensino do DF sobre o conceito de evolução

Monografia (graduação)—Universidade de Brasília, 2012.Evolução pode ser entendida como um processo histórico, que acumulou evidências de sua existência. Ao termo Evolução pode-se atribuir vários significados, tais como mudança, em um sentido biológico, ou progresso, no senso comum. A evolução é considerada atualmente como a teoria que tem a capacidade de unificar o pensamento biológico. O presente trabalho tem o objetivo verificar como os professores têm repassado os conceitos relativos a esse tema aos alunos e qual tem sido o aprendizado desses alunos. Verificou-se que grande parte dos professores vêem a Evolução como a descrita por Darwin em que os indivíduos de uma população que apresentavam alguma mudança lhes davam vantagem sobre os demais. Já a visão dos alunos é realmente precária sobre o tema onde eles ainda misturam aspectos da teoria da evolução com o Criacionismo. Percebeu-se ainda que quando o professor não domina de forma clara o conceito de evolução, o domínio do tema pelos alunos fica prejudicado

Impact of an educational programme in Portuguese people with diabetes

This study, conducted in the north of Portugal, is the result of a group of nurses’ intent to develop a closer and meaningful person-centered care for patients with diabetes, empowering them with skills to better manage their therapeutic regimen. Through a participatory action research process, the group of nurses involved in this study, reflected on the current healthcare enabling them an in-depth analysis of the best scientific evidence, aiming to design context tailored solutions, which would contribute to patients’ empowerment. Through a longitudinal study developed over several stages, the nurses outlined the educational programme Living in harmony with diabetes, which was applied to 85 patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. The programme had a positive impact on the psychosocial variables, in self-care behaviour and in the metabolic control, helping patients to better cope with their disease and have greater control over their health condition. Throughout the process of participatory action research, the nurses were able to increase their self-efficacy and empowerment on person-centered care implementation.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Ensino orientado para a aprendizagem baseada na resolução de problemas: perspetivas de professores de ciências e geografia

O ensino orientado para a aprendizagem baseada na resolução de problemas (ABRP) exige uma grande alteração nos papéis desempenhados por professores e alunos. Poucos são os professores portugueses de ciências e de geografia, em exercício de funções, que possuem formação em ensino orientado para a ABRP. Para concretizarem a implementação deste tipo de ensino, os professores necessitam de formação. Este artigo apresenta a avaliação que 11 professores de ciências e de geografia, formados para implementarem o ensino orientado para a ABRP, fazem sobre experiências que realizaram com este tipo de ensino, em contexto sala de aula. Constatou-se que o ensino em causa, pelas suas características e novidade, foi exigente para professores e alunos e que os alunos considerados menos bons foram aqueles que parecem ter beneficiado mais com o tipo de ensino em análise. Na opinião dos participantes no estudo, os professores precisam de formação, mas também de acompanhamento, por pessoas mais conhecedoras deste tipo de ensino, na(s) primeira(s) tentativa(s) de implementação do mesmo para que estas sejam bem sucedidas.Teaching for problem-based learning (PBL) requires a big change in teachers' as well as in students' usual roles. Few Portuguese in-service science and geography teachers learned about teaching for PBL in their undergraduate teacher education programmes. Hence, in order to put PBL into practice, teachers need education and training. This paper reports on the evaluation that 11 science and geography teachers that previously attended an in-service course on PBL make of their own experience of teaching science and geography school themes trough a PBL approach. Results indicate that teachers felt that his teaching approach was very demanding to them. They also suggest that, according to the teachers, low profile students were the ones that seem to have benefited most from the PBL oriented classes. Due to the requirements and the novelty of the approach undertaken, the participants in the study believe that teachers need not only education and training but also support from experts on this teaching approach when they first try to put it into practice.(undefined

Dornase alfa improves the health-related quality of life among Brazilian patients with cystic fibrosis - A one-year prospective study

Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) measurements provide valuable information about the psychological and social impact of treatment on patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). This study evaluated the HRQOL of Brazilian patients with CF and assessed the changes in HRQOL domains over 1 year after dornase alfa (Pulmozyme) introduction. Patients and Methods: One hundred fifty-six stable patients with CF and 89 caregivers answered the Portuguese-validated version of the Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire-Revised (CFQ-R) at baseline (T 0), and at 3 (T 1), 6 (T 2), 9 (T 3), and 12 (T 4) months of follow-up. Eighteen patientswere excluded because they did not fulfill the inclusion criteria. The patients were analyzed in two groups: those aged 6-11 years and those aged 14 years and older. ANOVA for observed repeated results and the last observation carried forward (LOCF) method for missing data were used for the statistical analysis. Results: After 1 year of follow-up, there was significant improvement in respiratory symptoms (T 4-T 0=8.1; 95% confidence interval (95% CI)=[2.1;14.0]; effect size (ES)=0.35; P<0.001), Emotional Functioning (T 4-T 0=5.6; 95% CI=[1.1;10.1]; ES=0.31; P<0.05), Social Functioning (T 4-T 0=6.0; 95% CI=[1.3;11.7]; ES=0.31; P<0.05), Body Image (T 4-T 0=11.9; 95% CI=[4.1;19.7]; ES=0.42; P<0.05), and Treatment Burden (T 4-T 0=5.3; 95% CI=[0.3;10.3]; ES=0.24; P<0.05) domains in the younger group. A significant improvement in Role Functioning (T 4-T 0=6.1; 95% CI=[1.1;11.1]; ES=0.40; P<0.05), Body Image (T 4-T 0=12.6; 95% CI=[3.5;21.7]; ES=0.46; P<0.05), and Weight (T 4-T 0=11.7; 95% CI=[1.8;21.6]; ES=0.40; P<0.05) was obtained in the older group. The caregivers' CFQ-R showed improvements in the Digestive Symptoms (T 4-T 0=5.5; 95% CI=[1.5;9.4]; ES=0.30; P<0.05), Respiratory Symptoms (T 4-T 0=7.6; 95% CI=[3.9;11.4]; ES=0.48; P<0.05), and Weight (T 4-T 0=10.1; 95% CI=[1.6;18.6]; ES=0.26; P<0.05) domains. Conclusion: The introduction of dornase alfa improved the HRQL of the patients with CF during the first year of treatment. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc