1,622 research outputs found
Application of the ADAPTED FRISCO framework in case-based learning activities
Acquisition of clinical skills is of upmost importance for health sciences profes- sionals, and a guarantee that safe and effective patient care will be provided. Clinical competencies may encompass a series of skills that are introduced through graduation and developed during professional activity, namely the technical skills, communication skills, clinical reasoning and reflexion in daily practice. Therefore, clinical competence is not a static skill, but it grows with practice and is lifelong learning. Case-based learning is frequently used to en- hance learning in clinical reasoning and judgment for rational decision-making, competencies that are also associated to critical thinking. To be effective, case- based activities need to be structured, the learning objectives adjusted to each situation and students sought to be guided throughout the activity, so that they are actively engaged in the learning process bridging learning to professional environments. In this paper the authors present a model for a case-based activity aiming to enhance clinical competency in health science students. Framed by the application of the FRISCO guidelines adapted in previous work, the au- thors illustrate, by an example, how, in the proposed activity, congruence may be achieved among intended learning, instructional activities, and assessment methods while teaching diagnostic reasoning to health sciences students. Keywords: critical thinking; case-studies learning; health science
The patterned structure of galactoglucomannan suggests it may bind to cellulose in seed mucilage
FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOThe interaction between mannan polysaccharides and cellulose microfibrils contributes to cell wall properties in some vascular plants, but the molecular arrangement of mannan in the cell wall and the nature of the molecular bonding between mannan and cell178310111026FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO2013/08293-7The authors would like to acknowledge Prof. George Lomonossoff (John Innes Centre, UK), who developed the pEAQ-HyperTrans expression system used in this study. Plant Bioscience Limited supplied the pEAQ-HT vector that was used in this wor
An anxiety management intervention for people with substance use disorders (ITASUD): An intervention mapping approach based on Peplau's theory
Background The comorbidity of anxiety and drug use disorders complicates treatment prognosis, and one of the greatest challenges is to address the environmental and behavioral factors involved. The aim of this study was to describe the uses of intervention mapping in the design of a theory and evidence-based complex intervention to develop skills around the management of anxiety for cocaine users in outpatient addiction treatment. Methods The six steps of the intervention mapping approach, which are needs assessment, creation of matrices of performance objectives, selection of methods and practical strategies, program development, adoption and implementation, and evaluation were applied to develop the Interpersonal Theory of nursing to Anxiety management in people with Substance Use Disorders (ITASUD) intervention. The theory used for the conceptual model was interpersonal relations theory. All theory-based methods and practical applications were developed at the individual level, acting in behavioral, interpersonal, organizational and community environments. Results The intervention mapping provided a broad overview of the problem and outcome expectations. The ITASUD intervention consists of five consecutive sessions of 110-min targeting individual determinants of anxiety (knowledge, triggers, relief behaviors, self-efficacy and relations), delivered by a trained nurse using Peplau's concepts of interpersonal relations. Intervention Mapping is a multi-step process that incorporates theory, evidence, and stakeholder perspectives to ensure that implementation strategies effectively address key determinants of change. Conclusions The intervention mapping approach increases the effectiveness of the intervention since the matrices provide a broad view of all factors that affect the problem and facilitate replication through transparency of the determinants, methods, and applications used. ITASUD addresses all factors that play an important role in substance use disorders based on a theoretical basis, which provides the translation of evidence from research into effective practice, policy, and public health improvements
Evolution of Xylan Substitution Patterns in Gymnosperms and Angiosperms: Implications for Xylan Interaction with Cellulose.
The interaction between cellulose and xylan is important for the load-bearing secondary cell wall of flowering plants. Based on the precise, evenly spaced pattern of acetyl and glucuronosyl (MeGlcA) xylan substitutions in eudicots, we recently proposed that an unsubstituted face of xylan in a 2-fold helical screw can hydrogen bond to the hydrophilic surfaces of cellulose microfibrils. In gymnosperm cell walls, any role for xylan is unclear, and glucomannan is thought to be the important cellulose-binding polysaccharide. Here, we analyzed xylan from the secondary cell walls of the four gymnosperm lineages (Conifer, Gingko, Cycad, and Gnetophyta). Conifer, Gingko, and Cycad xylan lacks acetylation but is modified by arabinose and MeGlcA. Interestingly, the arabinosyl substitutions are located two xylosyl residues from MeGlcA, which is itself placed precisely on every sixth xylosyl residue. Notably, the Gnetophyta xylan is more akin to early-branching angiosperms and eudicot xylan, lacking arabinose but possessing acetylation on alternate xylosyl residues. All these precise substitution patterns are compatible with gymnosperm xylan binding to hydrophilic surfaces of cellulose. Molecular dynamics simulations support the stable binding of 2-fold screw conifer xylan to the hydrophilic face of cellulose microfibrils. Moreover, the binding of multiple xylan chains to adjacent planes of the cellulose fibril stabilizes the interaction further. Our results show that the type of xylan substitution varies, but an even pattern of xylan substitution is maintained among vascular plants. This suggests that 2-fold screw xylan binds hydrophilic faces of cellulose in eudicots, early-branching angiosperm, and gymnosperm cell walls.This work was supported by the Leverhulme Trust Centre for Natural Material Innovation (MBW, PD), The Low Carbon Energy University Alliance (AL), BBSRC Grant: BB/G016240/1 BBSRC Sustainable Bioenergy Centre cell wall sugars (TT, PD) and the Sao Paulo Research Foundation (RLS, CSP, MSS, TCFG) (Grants 2013/08293-7, 2014/10448-1 and 2015/25031-1)
Evolution of Xylan Substitution Patterns in Gymnosperms and Angiosperms: Implications for Xylan Interaction with Cellulose
Structure, computational and biochemical analysis of PcCel45A endoglucanase from <i>Phanerochaete chrysosporium </i>and catalytic mechanisms of GH45 subfamily C members
Abstract The glycoside hydrolase family 45 (GH45) of carbohydrate modifying enzymes is mostly comprised of β-1,4-endoglucanases. Significant diversity between the GH45 members has prompted the division of this family into three subfamilies: A, B and C, which may differ in terms of the mechanism, general architecture, substrate binding and cleavage. Here, we use a combination of X-ray crystallography, bioinformatics, enzymatic assays, molecular dynamics simulations and site-directed mutagenesis experiments to characterize the structure, substrate binding and enzymatic specificity of the GH45 subfamily C endoglucanase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium (PcCel45A). We investigated the role played by different residues in the binding of the enzyme to cellulose oligomers of different lengths and examined the structural characteristics and dynamics of PcCel45A that make subfamily C so dissimilar to other members of the GH45 family. Due to the structural similarity shared between PcCel45A and domain I of expansins, comparative analysis of their substrate binding was also carried out. Our bioinformatics sequence analyses revealed that the hydrolysis mechanisms in GH45 subfamily C is not restricted to use of the imidic asparagine as a general base in the “Newton’s cradle” catalytic mechanism recently proposed for this subfamily
Structure, computational and biochemical analysis of PcCel45A endoglucanase from phanerochaete chrysosporium and catalytic mechanisms of GH45 subfamily C members
FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOCAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIORThe glycoside hydrolase family 45 (GH45) of carbohydrate modifying enzymes is mostly comprised of β-1,4-endoglucanases. Significant diversity between the GH45 members has prompted the division of this family into three subfamilies: A, B and C, which may d8FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOCAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIORFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOCAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR10/52362-511/20505-411/21608-115/13684-0405191/2015-4303988/2016-9440977/2016-9sem informaçãoThe PcCel45A dataset was collected at the Brookhaven National Laboratory, during the RapiData course. This study was supported by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) via grants 10/52362-5, 11/20505-4, 11/21608-1 and 15/13684
Caspase-8 mediates inflammation and disease in rodent malaria
Earlier studies indicate that either the canonical or non-canonical pathways of inflammasome activation have a limited role on malaria pathogenesis. Here, we report that caspase-8 is a central mediator of systemic inflammation, septic shock in the Plasmodium chabaudi-infected mice and the P. berghei-induced experimental cerebral malaria (ECM). Importantly, our results indicate that the combined deficiencies of caspases-8/1/11 or caspase-8/gasdermin-D (GSDM-D) renders mice impaired to produce both TNFalpha and IL-1beta and highly resistant to lethality in these models, disclosing a complementary, but independent role of caspase-8 and caspases-1/11/GSDM-D in the pathogenesis of malaria. Further, we find that monocytes from malaria patients express active caspases-1, -4 and -8 suggesting that these inflammatory caspases may also play a role in the pathogenesis of human disease
Directed discovery of greener cosolvents:new cosolvents for use in ionic liquid based organic electrolyte solutions for cellulose dissolution
Cellulose is an abundant,
cheap, renewable, yet recalcitrant, material,
which, if dissolved, may be formed into a wide range of materials,
composites, and mixtures. Much attention has recently been focused
on the use of mixtures of ionic liquids and some solvents (so-called
organic electrolyte solutions, OESs) as efficient cellulose dissolution
solvents, but many of the cosolvents used lack green credentialsa
perennial problem where dipolar aprotic solvents are the solvents
of choice. We present a rational approach, based on definition of
ranges of solvent parameters gathered together in recently published
databases, to find “greener” cosolvents for OES formation.
Thus, γ-butyrolactone is identified as a suitable OES former
for dissolution of microcrystalline cellulose and biobased γ-valerolactone
as a marginally less efficient, but significantly safer, alternative.
Comparison of cosolvent efficiency reveals that previous use of measures
of mass, or concentration, of cellulose dissolved may have masked
the similarities between 1-methylimidazole, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), <i>N,N</i>-dimethylformamide, <i>N-N</i>′-dimethylimidazolidinone, <i>N,N</i>-dimethylacetamide, <i>N</i>-methylpyrrolidinone,
and sulfolane (seldom considered), while comparison on a molar basis
reveals that the molar volume of the solvent is an important factor.
Reference-interaction site model (RISM) calculations for the DMSO/1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium
acetate OES suggest competition between DMSO and the acetate anion
and preferential solvation of cellulose by the ionic liquid
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