The Likelihood Ratio Test and Full Bayesian Significance Test under small sample sizes for contingency tables

Hypothesis testing in contingency tables is usually based on asymptotic results, thereby restricting its proper use to large samples. To study these tests in small samples, we consider the likelihood ratio test and define an accurate index, the P-value, for the celebrated hypotheses of homogeneity, independence, and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The aim is to understand the use of the asymptotic results of the frequentist Likelihood Ratio Test and the Bayesian FBST -- Full Bayesian Significance Test -- under small-sample scenarios. The proposed exact P-value is used as a benchmark to understand the other indices. We perform analysis in different scenarios, considering different sample sizes and different table dimensions. The exact Fisher test for $2 \times 2$ tables that drastically reduces the sample space is also discussed. The main message of this paper is that all indices have very similar behavior, so the tests based on asymptotic results are very good to be used in any circumstance, even with small sample sizes

Full Bayesian analysis for a class of jump-diffusion models

A new Bayesian significance test is adjusted for jump detection in a diffusion process. This is an advantageous procedure for temporal data having extreme valued outliers, like financial data, pluvial or tectonic forces records and others.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures; real data analysis adde

Photon-number-resolving segmented avalanche-photodiode detectors

We investigate the feasibility and performance of photon-number-resolved photodetection employing avalanche photodiodes (APDs) with low dark counts. The main idea is to split n photons over m modes such that every mode has no more than one photon, which is detected alongside propagation by an APD. We characterize performance by evaluating the purities of positive-operator-valued measurements (POVMs), in terms of APD number and photon loss.Comment: 5 pages, 7 figures, submitted for publicatio

Towards the minimization of project duration and cost in stochastic project management environments

There is a general consensus that the rational use of available resources is, nowadays, an important task, since project managers are interested in the maximization of profit and the minimization of risk. In this work, it is proposed a multi-objective model to optimize the use of resources in a stochastic environment. In this multi-objective formulation the aim is to minimize the project duration and the total project cost at the same time. In the future, we intend to solve this problem using multi-objective evolutionary algorithms.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT

O contributo dos materiais vernáculos para sustentabilidade do ambiente construído

A utilização de materiais e técnicas locais é uma das principais características da arquitetura vernácula. Quando comparados com materiais industrializados, os materiais vernáculos têm reduzido impacte ambiental, sendo uma alternativa para a construção sustentável. No entanto, com a industrialização os materiais vernáculos caíram em desuso tendo sido preteridos pelos novos materiais padronizados que conduziram à homogeneização dos diferentes métodos construtivos, dando origem a uma arquitetura de cariz universal, muitas vezes sem preocupações com o contexto e com significativos impactes para o ambiente. No que diz respeito à sustentabilidade, os materiais vernáculos têm potencial para evoluir e adaptarem-se às necessidades contemporâneas, permitindo reduzir a energia incorporada e os impactes ambientais. Por estas razões, o presente trabalho aborda as potenciais vantagens da utilização de materiais e técnicas locais no contexto português. Adicionalmente, este artigo estabelece uma comparação entre os materiais vernáculos e os materiais produzidos industrialmente ao nível dos indicadores ambientais (energia incorporada e potencial de aquecimento global).Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), com a referência EXPL/ECM-COM/1801/201

Fluorine Abundances in the Globular Cluster M 4

We present chemical abundances for the elements carbon, sodium, and fluorine in 15 red giants of the globular cluster M 4, as well as six red giants of the globular cluster $\omega$ Centauri. The chemical abundances were calculated in LTE via spectral synthesis. The spectra analyzed are high-resolution spectra obtained in the near-infrared region around $\lambda$2.3$\mu$m with the Phoenix spectrograph on the 8.1m Gemini South Telescope, the IGRINS spectrograph on the McDonald Observatory 2.7m Telescope, and the CRIRES spectrograph on the ESO 8.2m Very Large Telescope. The results indicate a significant reduction in the fluorine abundances when compared to previous values from the literature for M 4 and $\omega$ Centauri, due to a downward revision in the excitation potentials of the HF(1-0) R9 line used in the analysis. The fluorine abundances obtained for the M 4 red giants are found to be anti-correlated with those of Na, following the typical pattern of abundance variations seen in globular clusters between distinct stellar populations. In M 4, as the Na abundance increases by $\sim$+0.4 dex, the F abundance decreases by $\sim$-0.2 dex. A comparison with abundance predictions from two sets of stellar evolution models finds that the models predict somewhat less F depletion ($\sim$-0.1 dex) for the same increase of +0.4 dex in Na

Metrology with Atom Interferometry: Inertial Sensors from Laboratory to Field Applications

Developments in atom interferometry have led to atomic inertial sensors with extremely high sensitivity. Their performances are for the moment limited by the ground vibrations, the impact of which is exacerbated by the sequential operation, resulting in aliasing and dead time. We discuss several experiments performed at LNE-SYRTE in order to reduce these problems and achieve the intrinsic limit of atomic inertial sensors. These techniques have resulted in transportable and high-performance instruments that participate in gravity measurements, and pave the way to applications in inertial navigation.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure

Análise da influência das varandas envidraçadas da arquitetura vernácula beirã no comportamento térmico dos edifícios

A heterogeneidade do território português originou uma profusa manifestação de distintas formas arquitetónicas vernáculas, i.e., construções que se caracterizam por apresentarem uma estreita relação com as condições dos locais onde se encontram inseridas (clima, materiais, economia, cultura, etc.). As estratégias passivas de adaptação ao meio envolvente presentes nestas construções, caraterizadas pela simplicidade, funcionamento passivo e reduzido impacte ambiental, são particularmente relevantes para os desafios que a construção contemporânea enfrenta, permitindo a redução da dependência em energia de fontes não-renováveis. Neste artigo é apresentado um conjunto de estratégias solares passivas comuns na arquitetura vernácula da região da Beira Alta, com destaque para as varandas envidraçadas, e são avaliadas a condições de conforto térmico num caso de estudo. Do estudo, é possível afirmar que nos períodos analisados as condições de conforto térmico no edifício foram asseguradas apenas por meios passivos sem recurso a sistemas mecânicos de climatização

MRI laxity assessment

Knee laxity, by definition, is a dynamic and multifactorial condition. MRI evaluation, due to its known capacity in achieving high soft tissue contrast (e.g., meniscus, synovia, ligaments, cartilage) and multiplanar joint assessment without ionizing radiation, has contributed to its popularity in the last decades. However, “traditional�? MRI studies provide static evaluation, thus requiring careful correlation to clinical findings, particularly when dealing with functional ligament stability. This work aims to describe the most important features of current MRI studies when dealing with anterior cruciate ligaments injuries, while also presenting the evolving possibilities of dynamic and objective MRI assessment of knee instability.(undefined