Draft Mandate for the Community-Based Research - Research Cluster (CBR) BALTA 2 Partnership Development Project Scaling Innovation for Sustainability (SIS)

The goal of the Scaling Innovation for Sustainability Project is to focus expertise on developing a theoretical and methodological framework for studying the scaling up and scaling out of innovations that re-localize the economy and strengthen the resilience and sustainability of communities and regions. The Community Based Research Research Cluster will be focusing specifically on developing the methodological framework and methods for the community research projects that will be a part of this research program. This document provides guidance for the work of the research cluster.BC-Alberta Social Economy Research Alliance (BALTA); Athabasca University; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC

Co-operative Development, Policy, and Power in a Period of Contested Neoliberalism: The Case of Evergreen Co-operative Corporation in Cleveland, Ohio

After the financial crisis in 2008 and amid growing concerns about climate change, interest in systemic alternatives to neoliberal capitalism is growing. This cultural shift helps explain the enthusiasm from political elites, media, and academics that greeted the launch of Evergreen Co-operative Corporation in 2009. Based in Cleveland Ohio, Evergreen is a network of worker-owned co-operatives with scalability and replicability woven into its design. But how warranted is the broad-based enthusiasm around Evergreen? Is this a model that can be replicated across North America as its founders suggest? Based on site visits and stakeholder interviews, we argue that there are important limits on desires to reproduce the “Cleveland Model.”  However, its ambitions for scalability and replicability position it to contribute to the important project of movement building that can facilitate the policy change needed to scale up the co-operative alternative

Sodium tungstate and vanadyl sulfate effects on blood pressure and vascular prostanoids production in fructose-overloaded rats

This study analyzes the effects of sodium tungstate and vanadyl sulphate in the fructose-overloaded rat, a model of metabolic syndrome. Fructose (9 weeks) increased blood pressure, triglycerydemia, glycemia, and reduced release of vasodilator prostaglandins (prostacyclin and prostaglandin E2) in the mesenteric vascular bed. Sodium tungstate prevented those alterations; meanwhile vanadyl sulfate only prevented the increase in glycemia. In conclusion, the present experiments showed that sodium tungstate is more effective than vanadyl sulfate for the treatment of experimental metabolic syndrome in rats.Fil: Peredo, Horacio Angel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Zabalza, Maria. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Cátedra de Histología y Biología Celular; ArgentinaFil: Mayer, Marcos Alejandro. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Carranza, Andrea. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina; ArgentinaFil: Puyó, Ana María. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina; Argentin

Utilization of mechanical power and associations with clinical outcomes in brain injured patients: a secondary analysis of the extubation strategies in neuro-intensive care unit patients and associations with outcome (ENIO) trial

Background: There is insufficient evidence to guide ventilatory targets in acute brain injury (ABI). Recent studies have shown associations between mechanical power (MP) and mortality in critical care populations. We aimed to describe MP in ventilated patients with ABI, and evaluate associations between MP and clinical outcomes. Methods: In this preplanned, secondary analysis of a prospective, multi-center, observational cohort study (ENIO, NCT03400904), we included adult patients with ABI (Glasgow Coma Scale ≤ 12 before intubation) who required mechanical ventilation (MV) ≥ 24 h. Using multivariable log binomial regressions, we separately assessed associations between MP on hospital day (HD)1, HD3, HD7 and clinical outcomes: hospital mortality, need for reintubation, tracheostomy placement, and development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Results: We included 1217 patients (mean age 51.2 years [SD 18.1], 66% male, mean body mass index [BMI] 26.3 [SD 5.18]) hospitalized at 62 intensive care units in 18 countries. Hospital mortality was 11% (n = 139), 44% (n = 536) were extubated by HD7 of which 20% (107/536) required reintubation, 28% (n = 340) underwent tracheostomy placement, and 9% (n = 114) developed ARDS. The median MP on HD1, HD3, and HD7 was 11.9 J/min [IQR 9.2-15.1], 13 J/min [IQR 10-17], and 14 J/min [IQR 11-20], respectively. MP was overall higher in patients with ARDS, especially those with higher ARDS severity. After controlling for same-day pressure of arterial oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen (P/F ratio), BMI, and neurological severity, MP at HD1, HD3, and HD7 was independently associated with hospital mortality, reintubation and tracheostomy placement. The adjusted relative risk (aRR) was greater at higher MP, and strongest for: mortality on HD1 (compared to the HD1 median MP 11.9 J/min, aRR at 17 J/min was 1.22, 95% CI 1.14-1.30) and HD3 (1.38, 95% CI 1.23-1.53), reintubation on HD1 (1.64; 95% CI 1.57-1.72), and tracheostomy on HD7 (1.53; 95%CI 1.18-1.99). MP was associated with the development of moderate-severe ARDS on HD1 (2.07; 95% CI 1.56-2.78) and HD3 (1.76; 95% CI 1.41-2.22). Conclusions: Exposure to high MP during the first week of MV is associated with poor clinical outcomes in ABI, independent of P/F ratio and neurological severity. Potential benefits of optimizing ventilator settings to limit MP warrant further investigation

Indigenous and divergent voices in the business school: Who’s listening?

There are increased efforts on the part of business schools to recruit more Indigenous students and faculty members in response to the call for greater inclusivity. Nevertheless, an inhospitable climate for Indigenous who wish to retain their cultural identity remains a challenge. This article describes the experience of a faculty member from a “recognizable minority” recruited to give an “inclusive” face to a business schools conventional models, and outlines the unwelcoming atmosphere faced by racialized students and faculty members in institutions that at the same time try to mould them into mainstream models. Can business schools allow Indigenous and other divergent voices to challenge and even reform mainstream models?Les écoles de commerce redoublent d’efforts pour recruter davantage d’étudiants et de professeurs autochtones en vue d’une plus grande inclusion. Le climat inhospitalier pour les autochtones qui souhaitent préserver leur identité culturelle reste un défi. Cet article décrit l’expérience d’une professeure issue d’une « minorité reconnaissable » recruté pour donner un visage « inclusif » aux modèles conventionnels d’une école de commerce. Il décrit l’atmosphère peu accueillante à laquelle sont confrontés les étudiants et les membres du corps enseignant racialisés dans des institutions qui tentent en même temps de les mouler dans les modèles dominants. Les écoles de commerce peuvent-elles permettre aux voix divergentes de questionner, voire de réformer, les modèles dominants ?Hay mayores esfuerzos por parte de las escuelas de negocios para reclutar a más estudiantes y profesores Indígenas en respuesta al llamado a una mayor inclusión. Sin embargo, un clima inhóspito para los indígenas que desean conservar su identidad cultural sigue siendo un desafío. Este artículo describe la experiencia de un miembro de la facultad de una ‘minoría reconocible’ reclutada para dar una cara ‘inclusiva’ a los modelos convencionales de las escuelas de negocios, y describe la atmósfera poco acogedora que enfrentan los estudiantes y profesores de minorías raciales en instituciones que al mismo tiempo intentan para moldearlos en modelos convencionales. ¿Pueden las escuelas de negocios permitir que las voces indígenas y otras voces divergentes desafíen e incluso reformen los modelos dominantes

Communal enterprises, sustainable development and the alleviation of poverty in rural Andean communities

Bibliography: p. 340-371

"The 'Devil' entering our lives": Andean peasant women in Otuzco, Peru

Bibliography: p. 141-157.Significant changes are occurring in the lives of the peasants in less developed countries. The spread of salaried work and the monetary markets have given rise to a great deal of discussion about the future of peasantry. This study, based on a small community in the northern Peruvian Andes, and presented within the national and regional context, documents how, where and under what conditions this process is occurring. The Strategy of the Otuzco families consists basically of out-migration of males, while the women and children remain in the country side. The analysis in this document focuses on three main elements: labour relationships, patterns of agricultural labour regarding crops and techniques, and the introduction of new productive activities. With the intrusion of the cash economy, family needs are not being met. On the contrary, the market has increased exploitation and poverty, creating new needs and pressures. A major effect of cash has been the disintegration of the family and the impoverishment of their resources. According to the women in this study, cash has been "like the 'devil' entering our lives"

United We Can : Resource Recovery, Place and Social Enterprise

Informal resource recovery, the collection of recyclable materials from the waste stream and urban environment, known as binning, can contribute to poverty alleviation and environmental sustainability. An informal and marginalized sector of ‘invisible citizens’ exhibit a sense of place and agency obtained through the organization of the United We Can (UWC) bottle depot, a social enterprise in Vancouver's Downtown Eastside (DTES), Canada. This paper discusses (1) social and economic aspects of resource recovery, in particular the binners’ sense of place and community, (2) the capacity of social entrepreneurship for community development through UWC and (3) current policy framework and required changes to support new forms of inclusive waste management that will contribute to the local economy and environmental quality.Non UBCReviewedFacultyResearche

Policy Supports for Co-operative Development: Learning from Co-op Hot Spots

The international co-operative movement has prioritised supportive legal frameworks as a key constituent of co-operative growth (ICA, 2013). Unfortunately, there is not a robust literature on co-operative policy to help meet this need. Supportive legal frameworks for co-operatives are a “deeply under-researched area” (Adeler, 2014: 50). We recently conducted a review of the existing research and found that despite its dearth, the literature points to six primary forms of policy support that have been successfully deployed internationally to support co-operative growth: co-operative recognition, financing, sectoral financing, preferential taxation, supportive infrastructure, and preferential procurement. The most developed examples of these policies are found in areas of dense co -operative concentration, or “co-op hot spots”: the Basque region of Spain, Emilia Romagna in Northern Italy, and Quebec, Canada. This article accounts for how these six policy forms appear in the co-operative dense regions. The aim of this analysis is to facilitate further research in the understudied area of co-operative policy, and to clarify policy successes for organisers in the co-operative movement interested in emulating them

Direct Management of COVID-19 at National and Subnational Level: The Case of the Western Amazon Countries

This paper analyses direct management of COVID-19 in Brazil, Colombia and Peru, the three largest countries in the Western Amazon region. Using information gathered from different sources and analysing them through comparative case studies and content analysis, this study reveals the scale of disruption endured by Indigenous communities living in the region caused by COVID-19. While findings identify several shortcomings and failures in policies adopted by national and local governments in dealing with the pandemic, they also highlight how some Latin American countries used the crisis to introduce reforms to deepen neoliberal New Public Management (NPM) policies and practices