Effects of extracellular environment on the osmotic signal transduction involved in activation of motility of carp spermatozoa

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HgCdTe APDs detector developments for high speed, low photon number and large dynamic range photo-detection

Event: International Conference on Space Optics — ICSO 2021, 2021, Online OnlyInternational audienceHgCdTe Avalanche Photo Diodes (APDs) are developed at CEA/Leti to enable applications that require the detection ofinformation contained in a low number of photons in each spatial and/or temporal bin, such as LiDAR and free spaceoptical communications. The requirements for such detectors are strongly application dependent, which is why both theHgCdTe APD technology and the proximity electronics, used to extract the detected photocurrent, needs to be optimizedfor each application. The present communication reports results obtained from the development of detectors for highdynamic range LiDAR applications, made within the scope of the H2020 project HOLDON, and high data rate FSO, madein collaboration with Mynaric Lasercom AG. For FSO applications, we have measured 10 GHz bandwidth at unity gainfor APDs with 10 µm diameter. At higher APD gain and diameter, the BW is presently limited by carrier transit and byresistance-capacitance product in small and large area APDs, respectively. For LiDAR we have developed APDs with anmade of an array of diodes in parallel with a diameter up to 200 µm and large avalanche gain, M>100, that will behybridized with a dedicated CMOS amplifier. This circuit was designed to enable photon shot noise limited linear detectionover a dynamic range of 6 order of magnitude of signal for observation times ranging from ns up to µs. Firstcharacterizations made at unity APD gain shows that the HOLDON detector will meet most of the required performanceparameters in terms of sensitivity and linear dynamic range