Guanacos’ and domestic livestock’s summer diets comparison in ecotone of “Tierra del Fuego” (Argentina)

At present, it is believed that the population of guanacos has increased in the “Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego”, arising a conflict with livestock and forestry activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of the guanaco’s food resources, taking into account the presence of different types of domestic livestock, in order to provide a tool which will enable the evaluation of environmental management projects. We conducted the study in different areas, considering the presence/absence of domestic livestock and of guanaco. The diet was analyzed by identifying botanical remains present in the pretreated feces. The relative frequencies of ingested taxa were obtained and analyzed according to their functional groups, being the soft, herbaceous and graminoid grasses the most consumed, where the soft grasses were the most frequently ingested. Tree species only appear in diets of guanacos, in a low frequency, compared to other forms of life. In the case of soft grasses, forbs and Graminoides, the diets differ according to ingested species and intake frequency. These results allow us to establish that the guanaco selects the items to be consumed, changing its diet based on the presence of other herbivores, and has a trophic overlap with domestic livestock, mainly with sheep.Fil: Fernández Pepi, María Gabriela. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Producción Animal; ArgentinaFil: Moretto, Alicia Susana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego; ArgentinaFil: Arriaga, Mirta Olga. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”; ArgentinaFil: Alvarenga, Eugenia Celeste. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”; ArgentinaFil: Stampacchio, Monica Liliana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”; ArgentinaFil: Escobar, Julio Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Zucol, Alejandro Fabián. Provincia de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción; Argentin

Botanical composition of sheep diet in two contrasting environments at Tierra del Fuego steppe (Argentina)

The botanical composition of the diet of sheep in two contrasting environments of the fueguian steppe was compared by means of a microscopic analysis of feces, during the spring and summer 2006. In both areas of study, grasses showed to be the most important group in the diet of both locations and of both seasons, followed by native dicotyledonous. In addition, it was found that in the abandoned pasture of Cullen ranch, the intake of Hieracium pilosella, an invasive species, is high. Management strategies should be targeted to the conservation of grasses which are the life forms that are most susceptible to over grazing disturbance. Besides, these results contribute to the stage of advancement of the invasive species H. pilosella in the fueguian steppe and to the knowledge of the incorporation of this species in the diet of livestock, and possibly in the diets of native herbivores.Fil: Fernández Pepi, María Gabriela. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomia. Departamento de Producción Animal. Cátedra de Nutrición Animal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Arriaga, Mirta Olga. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Stampacchio, Monica Liliana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Collantes, Marta Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; Argentin

Uso de caracteres epidérmicos como bioindicadores en contaminación ambiental

The present study explores the use of micromorphological leaf epidermal characters of Ficus benjamina (evergreen) and Fraxinus pennsylvanica (deciduous) as indicators of pollution in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires. Mature leaves of both species were sampled along an urbanperiurban gradient, with a rural area as control for epidermal characters. Parameters examined from abaxial and upper epidermis were: (1) length and width of stomata, (2) number of stomata per area unit, (3) length and width of epidermal cells, (4) number of epidermal cells per area unit. Data were analysed with basic statistical and multivariate techniques. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) clearly grouped foliar samples according to three zones: urban, periurban and rural areas with different pollution values. No correlations were observed between epidermal character variations and climate variables, air pollutants or C, N, P and metals concentration in soil. Only one positive correlation (p=0.006) was found between stomata length in leaves from Ficus and iron concentration in soil.En el presente trabajo se explora el uso de los caracteres micromorfológicos de epidermis de hoja de Ficus benjamina (especie perenne) y Fraxinus pennsylvanica (especie caduca) como indicadores de contaminación en el área metropolitana de Buenos Aires. A lo largo de un gradiente urbano-periurbano, con un área rural como control, se colectaron hojas de ambas especies. Se examinaron parámetros de epidermis abaxial y adaxial: largo y ancho de estomas, número de estomas por unidad de área, largo y ancho de células epidérmicas, número de células epidérmicas por unidad de área. Los datos fueron analizados con técnicas básicas de estadística y análisis multivariado. El análisis de componentes principales (PCA) claramente agrupó las muestras foliares en tres zonas: urbana, periurbana y rural, con diferentes valores de contaminación. No se observaron correlaciones entre las variaciones de los caracteres epidérmicos y las variables clima, contaminación ambiental o C, N, P y concentración de metales en el suelo. Se encontró una única correlación positiva (p=0.006) entre el largo de estomas en hojas de Ficus sp. y la concentración de Fe en el suelo.Fil: Arriaga, Mirta Olga. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Stampacchio, Monica Liliana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Fernández Pepi, María Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Perelman, Patricia Eleonora. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Faggi, Ana Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; Argentin

Comparison of the diet of guanacos and cattle as resources in the Tierra del Fuego ecotone

La herbivoría del ganado doméstico y de guanacos provoca disturbios en la zona del ecotono fueguino, que llevan a cambios en la estructura y el funcionamiento de los pastizales naturales. En la actualidad, se cree que se ha incrementado la población de guanacos en la Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, de forma tal que se plantean conflictos con actividades ganaderas y forestales. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo fue evaluar que especies vegetales usan del pastizal y el grado de solapamiento espacial con vacas en el período estival. Se trabajó en la Estancia Ushuaia, donde pastan guanacos y ganado doméstico. La dieta se analizó mediante la identificación de restos botánicos presentes en las heces, previamente tratadas. Se obtuvieron las frecuencias relativas por especie ingerida y se analizaron en función de sus formas de vida. Las formas de vida más consumidas son las mismas tanto para los guanacos como para las vacas y corresponden a Pastos blandos, Dicotiledóneas herbáceas, Graminoideas y Arbustos, siendo los primeros los de mayor frecuencia de ingesta. La forma de vida Árbol sólo se presenta en dietas de guanacos, en una frecuencia baja (2,5%) frente a las otras formas de vida. En el caso de las dicotiledóneas herbáceas, las dietas se diferencian en las especies ingeridas y la frecuencia de ingesta, lo mismo sucede con las graminoideas. Si bien Poa pratensis., es la especie más ingerida por ambos herbívoros, el guanaco además incorpora, con baja frecuencia de ingesta, otros pastos blandos. Estos resultados nos permiten establecer que el guanaco modifica su dieta en función de la presencia de otros herbívoros, presentando un solapamiento trófico con el ganado vacuno.Herbivory from domestic livestock and guanacos causes disturbances in the Fueguian ecotone area, leading to changes in the structure and functioning of natural grasslands. Nowadays, it is believed that the population of guanacos in the Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego has increased, so that conflicts with livestock and forestry activities have arisen. The aim of our study was to assess grassland plant species used and the degree of spatial overlap with domestic herbivores in the summer. W e worked in the Estancia Ushuaia, where guanacos and livestock graze together. The diet was analyzed by identifying the botanical remains in pretreated feces. The relative frequencies of ingested species were obtained and analyzed according to their lifestyles. The life forms consumed were the same for guanaco and cow: Soft Grasses, Forbs, Shrubs and Graminoids. Soft Grasses had the higher intake frequency. Life form Tree occurred only in diets of guanacos at a low frequency (2.5%) when compared with the other life forms. In the case of forbs, diets differ in species ingested and frequency of intake, and the same happened with graminoids. W hile Poa pratensis was the species most ingested by both herbivores, guanaco rarely ate other soft grasses. The results suggested that guanaco switches among diets depending on the presence of other herbivores, while displaying a trophic overlap with cattle.Fil: Fernández Pepi, María Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomia; ArgentinaFil: Arriaga, Mirta Olga. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Alvarenga, Eugenia Celeste. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Stampacchio, Monica Liliana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Moretto, Alicia Susana. Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Escobar, Julio Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentin

MAML2 rearrangement in Warthin's tumour: A fluorescent in situ hybridisation study of metaplastic variants

Background: Warthin's tumour (WT) is a common benign lesion of the major salivary glands. The nature of WT remains controversial, with particular regard to the presence of clonal chromosomal abnormalities, including the t(11;19) translocation involving the CRTC1 and MAML2 genes, that have been identified in both WT and mucoepidermoid carcinoma. In this study, we focused our attention on metaplastic WT variants, and we conducted a fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) analysis for the presence of MAML2 gene rearrangement. Methods: Dual-colour FISH analysis was performed on paraffin-embedded sections of eight WTs showing metaplastic changes (five with squamous metaplasia, two with mucinous metaplasia and one with both) using a MAML2 break-apart probe. Results: Presence of split signals indicative of gene rearrangement was identified in a subset of cells in areas of squamous metaplasia in two samples of WT. No rearrangement was observed in the oncocytic epithelium, in lymphocytes and in areas of mucinous metaplasia. Conclusions: The presence of a small subpopulation of cells carrying MAML2 rearrangement in areas of squamous metaplasia within WT could predispose these lesions to malignant transformation in mucoepidermoid carcinoma and could represent a molecular link between the two entities. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S

PEMODELAN TINGKAT KRIMINALITAS DI PROVINSI BENGKULU DENGAN ANALISIS REGRESI DATA PANEL

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memodelkan tingkat kriminalitas di Provinsi Bengkulu menggunakan analisis regresi data panel. Data panel adalah data dari satu variabel atau lebih yang dikumpulkan secara berkala selama interval waktu tertentu. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu data sekunder dari Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Bengkulu dan Kepolisian Daerah Bengkulu yang meliputi jumlah kejahatan, persentase penduduk miskin, persentasi pengangguran, PDRB perkapita dan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) dari tahun 2011-2016 pada 10 kecamatan di Provinsi Bengkulu. Dari hasil analisis yang telah dilakukan diperoleh model yang digunakan dalam memodelkan tingkat kriminalitas di provinsi Bengkulu adalah ketika slope koefisien konstan tetapi intersep berbeda akibat perbedaan unit cross section. Variabel yang berpengaruh signifikan dalam model ini adalah variabel persentase penduduk miskin, Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) dan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM)

Immunohistochemical investigation of tumorigenic pathways in sinonasal intestinal-type adenocarcinoma. A tissue microarray analysis of 62 cases

Sinonasal intestinal-type adenocarcinoma (ITAC) is an uncommon neoplasm morphologically similar to colorectal adenocarcinoma, with a well-recognized association with occupational exposure to wood or leather dusts. Here, we analyse several gene products with pivotal roles in tumorigenesis, including p53, p16, deleted in colon cancer (DCC), retinoblastoma, adenomatous polyposis coli, β-catenin, E-cadherin and CD10, and discuss their relation to clinical behaviour and to similar pathways in colorectal adenocarcinomas. Methods and results: Immunohistochemical analysis of 62 ITACs was conducted on a tissue microarray. Aberrant expression of p53 and p16 were the most commonly observed alterations (61.3% and 64.5% of cases, respectively). Analysis according to the histological subtype showed that p53 overexpression was less frequent in mucinous ITACs (35.3% versus 71.1%, P=0.018), while loss of DCC and E-cadherin were observed more frequently in this subtype (76.5% versus 31.1%, P=0.002 and 82.4% versus 31.1%, P<0.001, respectively). No correlation was found between the aberrant expression of these and clinical behaviour while mucinous adenocarcinomas had a significantly worse prognosis, with shorter disease-free interval and overall survival (P=0.005 and P<0.001, respectively). Conclusions: Mucinous ITACs appear to follow a distinct molecular pathway(s) from the non-mucinous variants, and pursue an aggressive clinical behaviour. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Limited

Intestinal metaplasia of the sinonasal mucosa adjacent to intestinal-type adenocarcinoma. A morphologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular study

It has been hypothesized that the development of sinonasal intestinal-type adenocarcinoma (ITAC) occurs through intestinal metaplasia (IM) of the respiratory and/or glandular epithelium. The aim of this study was to characterize the histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular features of sinonasal IM. Histologic slides from 29 consecutive surgical specimens of ITAC were retrieved. Sections were stained for CDX2, cytokeratin 20 (CK20), MUC2, and p53. The status of TP53 gene exons 4â\u80\u939 was assessed separately in areas of IM and in ITAC. Foci of IM were detected in eight cases (27.5Â&nbsp;%). They were all positive for CK20 and CDX2, while MUC2 was detected in six cases (75Â&nbsp;%). In six cases (75Â&nbsp;%), the metaplastic foci showed signs of dysplasia, including nuclear enlargement with increased nucleus to cytoplasm ratio, nuclear hyperchromasia, loss of nuclear polarity, and presence of prominent nucleoli. P53 nuclear immunoreactivity was observed in four cases. TP53 gene sequencing was successfully performed in six cases and revealed the same mutation in both IM and ITAC in two cases (c.832C &gt; T and c.215G &gt; C), while another ITAC showed a mutation that was not present in the adjacent IM (c.536A &gt; G). In conclusion, our study suggests a possible clonal relationship between areas of sinonasal IM and ITAC, indicating that IM may represent a precursor lesion of ITAC. Improving the knowledge on the morphological and molecular features of IM is a key step to identify reliable biomarkers to determine the risk of sinonasal ITAC development