Do peatlands or lakes provide the most comprehensive distal tephra records?

Despite the widespread application of tephra studies for dating and correlation of stratigraphic sequences (‘tephrochronology’), questions remain over the reliability and replicability of tephra records from lake sediments and peats, particularly in sites >1000 km from source volcanoes. To address this, we examine the tephrostratigraphy of four pairs of lake and peatland sites in close proximity to one another (<10 km), and evaluate the extent to which the microscopic (crypto-) tephra records in lakes and peatlands differ. The peatlands typically record more cryptotephra layers than nearby lakes, but cryptotephra records from high-latitude peatlands can be incomplete, possibly due to tephra fallout onto snow and subsequent redistribution across the peatland surface by wind and during snowmelt. We find no evidence for chemical alteration of glass shards in peatland or lake environments over the time scale of this study (mid- to late- Holocene). Instead, the low number of basaltic cryptotephra layers identified in distal peatlands reflects the capture of only primary tephra-fall, whereas lakes concentrate tephra falling across their catchments which subsequently washes into the lake, adding to the primary tephra fallout received in the lake. A combination of records from both lakes and peatlands must be used to establish the most comprehensive and complete regional tephrostratigraphies. We also describe two previously unreported late Holocene cryptotephras and demonstrate, for the first time, that Holocene Icelandic ash clouds frequently reached Arctic Sweden

An aggregative dynamic model of foreign direct investment

SIGLEGBUnited Kingdo

A principal components analysis of financial integration within the European Community

SIGLEGBUnited Kingdo

Stock market efficiency, the small firm effect and cointegration

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:9349.95704(SU-BS-WP--8) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

A reinterpretation of the aggregate demand and supply model in the light of Keynes

SIGLEGBUnited Kingdo

International asset pricing and foreign exchange market risk Econometric evidence for the G-7

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:3654.47928(LUT-DE-ERP--95/9) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Exchange controls and the the behaviour of European stock market indexes

SIGLEGBUnited Kingdo

Measuring and estimating exchange market pressure in the EU

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:3654.479(96/27) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Exchange Rate Regimes and Exchange Market Pressure in the New EU Member States

Economic theory has stressed the vulnerability to currency crises of intermediate exchange regimes. ERM II constitutes a fixed but adjustable pegged exchange rate arrangement and can therefore be categorized as an intermediate regime, in contrast to polar regimes such as currency boards and freely floating exchange rates. Our regression results for eight new EU Member States reveal the role of economic fundamentals in explaining exchange market pressure in these countries and confirm the bipolar view on exchange rate regimes. We conclude that the new EU members should not enter ERM II before their fundamentals are strong enough to compensate for the vulnerability of the exchange rate regime. Otherwise the condition for entering EMU, i.e. preceding participation in ERM II without devaluation or serious tensions on the exchange market, could be jeopardized. Copyright (c) 2007 The Author(s); Journal compilation (c) 2007 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Some econometric tests of changes in the degree of financial integration within the European Community

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:3487.296415(LU-CREEF-RP--93/1) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo