De+D61:D80signing bespoke visual mediation tools using \u27viscourse\u27 for intergenerational research visiblising pedagogies

Visual methods are an innovative design space for study methodologies with young children. The accessibility of visual media, and flexibility of their design and use, has spurred methodological innovations that stretch the boundaries of intergenerational research. This article explores the visual dialogic nexus in research methods tailored to investigate discourse. The research sought to uncover the perspectives of young children and their teachers about their discursive affordances in the first year of school. Employing an iterative design process, bespoke visual mediation tools were collaboratively created with a visual artist to capture the intergenerational viewpoints of the participants. This article reconceptualises discourses as \u27viscourses\u27 through a Foucauldian post-structuralist lens. This reframing emphasizes the impact of the discursive gaze and manipulation of art elements and principles as themes for scrutiny during the design phase. The resulting visual mediation tools underwent pilot testing with two focus groups of 5-year-old children and their class teachers. Findings from the pilot study underscore the potential of visual mediation tools for generating authentic contexts that enable participants to \u27inhabit\u27 a time and place within a semiotic space. The method facilitates capture of multi-faceted data, including evidence of children\u27s higher order thinking concerning abstract phenomenon

Impacts of spatial and environmental differentiation on early Palaeozoic marine biodiversity

The unprecedented diversifications in the fossil record of the early Palaeozoic (541-419 million years ago) increased both within-sample (alpha) and global (gamma) diversity, generating considerable ecological complexity. Faunal difference (beta diversity), including spatial heterogeneity, is thought to have played a major role in early Palaeozoic marine diversification, although alpha diversity is the major determinant of gamma diversity through the Phanerozoic. Drivers for this Phanerozoic shift from beta to alpha diversity are not yet resolved. Here, we evaluate the impacts of environmental and faunal heterogeneity on diversity patterns using a global spatial grid. We present early Palaeozoic genus-level alpha, beta and gamma diversity curves for molluscs, brachiopods, trilobites and echinoderms and compare them with measures of spatial lithological heterogeneity, which is our proxy for environmental heterogeneity. We find that alpha and beta diversity are associated with increased lithological heterogeneity, and that beta diversity declines over time while alpha increases. We suggest that the enhanced dispersal of marine taxa from the Middle Ordovician onwards facilitated increases in alpha diversity by encouraging the occupation of narrow niches and increasing the prevalence of transient species, simultaneously reducing spatial beta diversity. This may have contributed to a shift from beta to alpha diversity as the major determinant of gamma diversity increase over this critical evolutionary interval.Peer reviewe

Early-Middle Ordovician Seascapescale aggregation pattern of sponge-rich reefs across the Laurentia paleocontinent

During the late Cambrian–Early Ordovician interval the predominant non-microbial reef builders were sponges or sponge-like metazoans. The lithological and faunal composition of Cambro-Ordovician sponge-dominated reefs have previously been analyzed and reviewed. Here we take the relationship between reef aggregation pattern at reef to seascape scale into account, and look for changes during the Early–Middle Ordovician interval, in which metazoans became dominant reef builders. In a comparison of sponge-rich reefs from eight sites of the Laurentia paleocontinent three different seascape level reef growth patterns can be distinguished: (1) mosaic mode of reef growth, where reefs form a complex spatial mosaic dependent on hard substrate; (2) episodic mode, where patch reefs grew exclusively in distinct unconformity bounded horizons within non-reefal lithological units that have a much larger thickness; and (3) belt-and-bank mode, where reefs and reef complexes grew vertically and laterally as dispersed patches largely independent from truncation surfaces. The distinct modes of growth likely represent specific reef forming paleocommunities, because they differ in content and abundance of skeletal metazoan framebuilders, bioturbation intensity of non-skeletal reef sediment matrix, and in association of reef growth with underlying hard substrate. We suggest, based on a review of Laurentian reef occurrences, that the mosaic mode dominated in Early Ordovician strata and that the dominance shifted toward the belt and bank mode from Middle Ordovician strata onward.Peer reviewe

Metazoan reef construction in a Middle Ordovician seascape : A case study from the Mingan Archipelago, Quebec

The Ordovician (485–444 Ma) saw a global shift from microbial- to skeletal-dominated reefs, and the rise of corals and bryozoans as important reef-builders. Hypothetically, increasingly morphologically diverse and abundant reef-building metazoans increased spatial habitat heterogeneity in reef environments, an important component of reefs' capacity to support diverse communities. Quantifying the spatial scale and extent of this heterogeneity requires three-dimensional exposures of well-preserved reefs whose composition and spatial arrangement can be measured. The Darriwilian (c. 467–458 Ma) carbonate sequence of the Mingan Archipelago, Quebec, presents such exposures, and also provides an opportunity to establish how the distribution of skeletal-dominated metazoan reefs contributed to, and was influenced by, seafloor relief. This study includes two transects through a 200–300 m wide paleo-reef belt, which developed along a rocky paleo-coast line. The reefs are typically micrite-rich, meter-scale mounds, locally forming larger complexes. Here, we present quantitative evaluations of the composition of these reefs, and detailed mapping of reef distributions. There is high compositional heterogeneity between reefs at spatial scales ranging from meters to kilometers, contributed by differences in the volumetric contribution of skeletal material to the reef core, and in the identity of the dominant reef-builders. We suggest that the abundance and morphological diversity of Middle Ordovician reef building metazoans made them important contributors to environmental and substrate heterogeneity, likely enhancing the diversity of reef-dwelling communities.Peer reviewe

Carbonate shelf development and early Paleozoic benthic diversity in Baltica : a hierarchical diversity partitioning approach using brachiopod data

The Ordovician-Silurian (similar to 485-419 Ma) was a time of considerable evolutionary upheaval, encompassing both great evolutionary diversification and one of the first major mass extinctions. The Ordovician diversification coincided with global climatic cooling and paleocontinental collision, the ecological impacts of which were mediated by region-specific processes including substrate changes, biotic invasions, and tectonic movements. From the Sandbian-Katian (similar to 453 Ma) onward, an extensive carbonate shelf developed in the eastern Baltic paleobasin in response to a tectonic shift to tropical latitudes and an increase in the abundance of calcareous macroorganisms. We quantify the contributions of environmental differentiation and temporal turnover to regional diversity through the Ordovician and Silurian, using brachiopod occurrences from the more shallow-water facies belts of the eastern Baltic paleobasin, an epicontinental sea on the Baltica paleocontinent. The results are consistent with carbonate shelf development as a driver of Ordovician regional diversification, both by enhancing broadscale differentiation between shallow- and deep-marine environments and by generating heterogeneous carbonate environments that allowed increasing numbers of brachiopod genera to coexist. However, temporal turnover also contributed significantly to apparent regional diversity, particularly in the Middle-Late Ordovician.Peer reviewe

Algae, calcitarchs and the Late Ordovician Baltic limestone facies of the Baltic Basin

The Late Ordovician succession of the Baltic Basin contains a characteristic fine-grained limestone, which is rich in calcareous green algae. This limestone occurs in surface outcrops and drill-cores in an extensive belt reaching from Sweden across the Baltic Sea to the Baltic countries. This limestone, which is known in the literature under several different lithological names, is described and interpreted, and the term "Baltic limestone facies" is suggested. The microfacies, from selected outcrops from the angstrom land Islands, Finland and Estonia, consists of calcareous green algae as the main skeletal component in a bioclastic mudstone-packstone lithology with a pure micritic matrix. Three types of calcitarch, which range in diameter from c. 100-180 mu m, are common. Basinward, the youngest sections of the facies belt contain coral-stromatoporoid patch reefs and Palaeoporella-algal mounds. The Baltic limestone facies can be interpreted as representing the shallow part of an open-marine low-latitude carbonate platform.Peer reviewe

The many assembly histories of massive void galaxies as revealed by integral field spectroscopy

We present the first detailed integral field spectroscopy study of nine central void galaxies with M*>10¹⁰Mʘ using the Wide Field Spectrograph to determine how a range of assembly histories manifest themselves in the current day Universe.While the majority of these galaxies are evolving secularly, we find a range of morphologies, merger histories and stellar population distributions, though similarly low Hα-derived star formation rates (10¹⁰Mʘ have similarly low star formation rates

Scale dependent diversity of bryozoan assemblages in the reefs of the Late Ordovician Vasalemma Formation, Estonia

The fieldwork for BK and AP was partly funded by the Academy of Finland project ‘Ecological Engineering as a Biodiversity Driver in Deep Time’ (Decision No. 309422). Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) is appreciated for financial support of AE (project ER 278/10.1). The work is a contribution to the IGCP program 735 ‘Rocks and the Rise of Ordovician Life’.The reefs of the Vasalemma Formation, late Sandbian, Late Ordovician, of northern Estonia contain an exceptional rich and abundant bryozoan fauna. They are an example of contemporaneous bryozoan-rich reefs known from around the world, representing the peak diversification interval of this group during the Ordovician. The global Ordovician bryozoan diversification was associated with a decrease in provinciality, a pattern known from other skeletal marine metazoans of this period. The diversification is associated with climatic cooling and increasing atmospheric and sea water oxygenation. However, the mechanisms that led to the bryozoan diversification are poorly known. Here we estimate the bryozoan richness (α and γ diversity) and turnover (β diversity) at the level of samples, reefs, and formations in the Vasalemma Formation and in contemporaneous reef limestone occurrences of the Baltoscandian region. The resulting richness and turnover values differ among the three observational levels and hence are scale dependent. A consistent pattern with lowest between-reef turnover and relatively high between-sample turnover could be detected, reflecting high small-scale (within reef) heterogeneities in lithology and original bryozoan habitat. This is consistent with published work, in which evidence has been presented for small-scale substrate heterogeneity as the most important diversification driver of the Ordovician brachiopod diversification in the Baltoscandian region. The fact that reefs and their local substrate are strongly organism moderated environments sheds light on the potentially important ecosystem engineering role of organisms, such as bryozoans, for the Ordovician diversification.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Knowledge Translation Approaches in Occupational Therapy: A Scoping Review

A gap exists between what is known in occupational therapy and how occupational therapists practice. Knowledge translation approaches have been designed to bridge the gap between research and practice. Currently there is limited literature exploring the knowledge translation approaches being implemented specifically within occupational therapy. Therefore, a scoping review was completed to provide an overview of the existing literature on knowledge translation approaches in occupational therapy. Three electronic databases were searched. All peer-reviewed quantitative and qualitative articles which met the inclusion criteria were reviewed. A data extraction table aided the analysis and synthesis of the literature. The initial search returned 565 articles, of which 59 were selected based on the inclusion criteria. Comprehensive screening of the 59 articles resulted in 16 peer-reviewed articles being included in the review. A range of knowledge translation methods have been used in occupational therapy including face-to-face education sessions, online resources, and clinical audits of documentation with feedback to the therapists. A small number of studies used a knowledge translation framework to guide the knowledge translation approach. Findings from this study highlighted that knowledge translation approaches are useful for overcoming challenges and changing practice. In particular, a knowledge translation framework may be useful to guide the design and implementation of a knowledge translation initiative. Although there were a number of knowledge transfer strategies used in the studies, face to face education was used most often. However, a combination of transfer strategies had the most lasting impact on practice change. Including participants’ perspectives in the planning, delivery, and evaluation was beneficial. More research is needed to identify how the use of a theoretical framework might support positive outcomes for knowledge translation