Метрична структура газелей Аміра Хусро Дехлеві

Стаття «Метрична структура газелей Аміра Хусро Дехлеві» присвячена визначенню найуживаніших метричних розмірів, які використовував Хусро Дехлеві – фарсімовний поет Індії XIII ст. – під час написання газелей.В статье освещены основные размеры, используемые Амиром Хусро – персоязычным поэтом Индии XIII в. – для написания газелей.The article is aimed to identify the main ghazal metres used by Amir Khusraw – a Persian speaking Indian poet of XIII century

ESHRE task force on ethics and law 15: Cross-border reproductive care

This paper analyses the ethical aspects of cross-border reproductive care. Ethical questions are raised by some of the main reasons of cross-border travelling, i.e. law evasion and unequal access to treatment. The phenomenon also generates possible conflicts linked to the responsibility of the professionals. Three points are discussed: the moral obligation of the physician to refer the patient, his/her duty to provide information and counselling and the acceptability of fee-splitting. The recommendations focus on measures to reduce or limit the number of patients that have to travel abroad and on steps to guarantee the safety and quality of the treatment wherever it is provided

On the stability of research joint ventures: implications of collusion

Though there is a body of theoretical literature on research joint venture (RJV) participation facilitating collusion, empirical tests are rare. Even more so, there are few empirical tests on the general theme of collusion. This note tries to fill this gap by assuming a correspondence between the stability of research joint ventures and collusion. By using data from the US National Cooperation Research Act, we show that large RJVs in concentrated industries are more stable and hence more suspect to collusion

Horizontal Multinational Firms, Vertical Multinational Firms and Domestic Investment

We build a dynamic general equilibrium model with 2 countries, horizontal and vertical multinational activity and endogenous domestic and foreign investment. It is found that horizontal multinational activity always leads to a complementary relationship between domestic and foreign investment. Vertical multinational activity, in contrast, leads to either a substitutional or complementary relationship between domestic and foreign investment, depending on the firms' technologies. We test the theoretical implications with a panel of U.S. multinationals and find empirical support

Ultracompact monolithic integration of balanced, polarization diversity photodetectors for coherent lightwave receivers

The authors have monolithically integrated an optical front-end on InP for balanced, polarization-diversity coherent lightwave reception which is only 1.3-mm long. Low on-chip insertion loss (<4.5 dB) and balanced photoresponse (1.05:1 or better) are achieved at 1.5-μm wavelength using straightforward, regrowth-free fabrication. Low-capacitance photodetectors (≤0.15 pF) are employed for high bandwidth operation

An Analytically Tractable Model for Competitive Speciation

Several recent models have shown that frequency-dependent disruptive selection created by intraspecific competition can lead to the evolution of assortative mating 4 and, thus, to competitive sympatric speciation. However, since most results from these 5 models rely on limited numerical analyses, their generality has been subject to considerable debate. Here, we consider one of the standard models, the so-called Roughgarden model, with a simplified genetics where the selected trait is determined by a single diallelic locus. This model is sufficiently complex to maintain key properties of the general multilocus case, but still simple enough to allow for a comprehensive analytical treatment. By means of invasion fitness analysis, we describe the impact of all model parameters on the evolution of assortative mating. Depending on (1) the strength and (2) shape of stabilizing selection, (3) the strength and (4) shape of pairwise competition, (5) the shape of the mating function, and (6) the type of assortative mating, which may or may not lead to sexual selection, we find five different evolutionary regimes. In one of these regimes, the evolution of complete reproductive isolation is possible through arbitrarily small steps in the strength of assortative mating. Our approach provides a mechanistic understanding of several phenomena that have been found in previous models. The results demonstrate how, even in a simple model of competitive speciation, results depend in a complex way on ecological and genetic parameters