Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals Key Pathways and Genes Associated with Cisplatin Resistance in Lung Adenocarcinoma A549 Cells.

Acquired resistance to cisplatin-based chemotherapy frequently occurs in patients with non-small cell lung cancer, and the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a distinct gene expression pattern is associated with acquired resistance to cisplatin in human lung adenocarcinoma. Whole-transcriptome sequencing was performed to compare the genome-wide gene expression patterns of the human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cisplatin-resistant cell line A549/DDP with those of its progenitor cell line A549. A total of 1214 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, 656 of which were upregulated and 558 were downregulated. Functional annotation of the DEGs in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database revealed that most of the identified genes were enriched in the PI3K/AKT, mitogen-activated protein kinase, actin cytoskeleton regulation, and focal adhesion pathways in A549/DDP cells. These results support previous studies demonstrating that the pathways regulating cell proliferation and invasion confer resistance to chemotherapy. Furthermore, the results proved that cell adhesion and cytoskeleton regulation is associated with cisplatin resistance in human lung cancer. Our study provides new promising biomarkers for lung cancer prognosis and potential therapeutic targets for lung cancer treatment

Enzymic Synthesis of Gastrodin through Microbial Transformation and Purification of Gastrodin Biosynthesis Enzyme

Gastrodin, a major bioactive component of a famous Chinese herb B1., has diverse pharmaceutical functions. It is usually obtained by extraction from a plant or through chemical synthesis. However, traditional extraction from B1. is time and money consuming, while chemical synthesis is a complicated procedure and always leads to very serious environmental pollution. Thus it is urgent to explore a new gastrodin source which is more economical and environmental. The present study reports a novel approach to the production of gastrodin through biosynthesis and microbial transformation. S AS3.1165 was screened from about 50 fungal and bacterial strains and found capable of biotransforming -hydroxybenzaldehyde into gastrodin for use in gastrodin production. A series of purification steps including (NH ) SO precipitation, ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration column chromatography was successfully used for purification of the gastrodin biosynthesis enzyme (GBE). The purity of GBE was above 95% and its molecular weight was about 63.2 kDa. We further characterized GBE's function condition, and found that the optimal temperature was 50 °C and the optimum pH 6.0. The enzyme was stable at a temperature lower than 50 °C and a pH between 6.0 and 9.0. The result indicated that gastrodin could be successfully synthesized by microbial transformation, providing a new approach for gastrodin production

Study on Low Thermal-Conductivity of PVDF@SiAG/PET Membranes for Direct Contact Membrane Distillation Application

In order to enhance the separation performance and reduce the heat loss of transmembrane for membrane distillation, the thermal efficiency and hydrophobicity of the membrane distillation need to be simultaneously enhanced. In this work, a polyvinylidene difluoride/polyethylene glycol terephthalate (PVDF/PET) hydrophobic/hydrophilic membrane has been prepared by non-solvent phase induction method. Nanosized silica aerogel (SiAG) with high porosity has been added to the composite membranes. The modifying effects and operating conditions on permeate flux and thermal efficiency in direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) are investigated. Furthermore, the latent heat of vaporization and the heat transfer across the membranes have been compared for SiAG addition, which indicates that the composite PVDF@SiAG/PET membranes demonstrate a great potential for distillation-separation application due to their high heat efficiency

Conformational Flexibility and Crystallization: The Case of 4-Hexyloxybenzoic Acid

To further understand the relationship among molecular conformational flexibility, thermodynamics, nucleation, and the polymorphic outcomes, the homogeneous nucleation and heterogeneous nucleation from fast cooling crystallization, evaporative crystallization, antisolvent crystallization, and solution-mediated polymorphic transformation were studied, considering the effects of temperature, supersaturation, and solvent. The conformers can rapidly fluctuate in solution with either monomers solvated by solvent molecules or carboxylic acid dimers and stacked dimers. No links between conformational flexibility and polymorphic outcome were found from both the experiment results and DFT calculation, though conformational polymorphs were obtained during the crystallization of 4-hexyloxybenzoic acid (HOBA). The stability relationship of HOBA polymorphs was confirmed, and the desolvation process was found to play a vital role in the overall self-assembly during crystallization. Finally, a process-control chart to prepare different polymorphs of HOBA was drawn to summarize the polymorphic differences caused by conformation

Cell morphology differences between A549 and A549/DDP cells.

<p>Micrographs showing A549 and A549/DDP cells cultured for 3 days in the absence or presence of cisplatin (10μg/mL).</p

COG function classification of the consensus sequences.

<p>The COG categories are shown on the horizontal axis and gene numbers and proportions are plotted on the vertical axis.</p

KEGG categories of HepG2/DDP cells DEGs.

<p>The vertical axis lists the names of the metabolic pathways in the KEGG database, and the horizontal axis shows the proportion of annotated genes in each pathway versus the total number of annotated genes.</p

GO classification.

<p>Annotation statistics of differentially expressed genes in the secondary node of GO. The horizontal axis shows the secondary nodes of three categories in GO. The vertical axis displays the percentage of annotated genes versus the total gene number. The red columns display annotation information of the total genes and the blue columns represent annotation information of the differentially expressed genes only.</p