Highly frequent promoter methylation and PIK3CA amplification in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Genetic and epigenetic alterations have been identified frequently in lung cancer, such as promoter methylation, gene mutations and genomic amplification. However, the interaction between genetic and epigenetic events and their significance in lung tumorigenesis remains poorly understood.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We determined the promoter methylation of 6 genes and <it>PIK3CA </it>amplification using quantitative methylation-specific PCR (Q-MSP) and real-time quantitative PCR, respectively, and explore the association of promoter methylation with <it>PIK3CA </it>amplification in a large cohort of clinically well-characterized non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Highly frequent promoter methylation was observed in NSCLC. With 100% diagnostic specificity, excellent sensitivity, ranging from 45.8 to 84.1%, was found for each of the 6 genes. The promoter methylation was associated with histologic type. Methylation of <it>CALCA, CDH1, DAPK1</it>, and <it>EVX2 </it>was more common in squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) compared to adenocarcinomas (ADC). Conversely, there was a trend toward a higher frequency of <it>RASSF1A </it>methylation in ADC than SCC. In addition, <it>PIK3CA </it>amplification was frequently found in NSCLC, and was associated with certain clinicopathologic features, such as smoking history, histologic type and pleural indentation. Importantly, aberrant promoter methylation of certain genes was significantly associated with <it>PIK3CA </it>amplification.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our data showed highly frequent promoter methylation and <it>PIK3CA </it>amplification in Chinese NSCLC population, and first demonstrated the associations of gene methylation with <it>PIK3CA </it>amplification, suggesting that these epigenetic events may be a consequence of overactivation of PI3K/Akt pathway.</p

Aqua­bis­(benzoato-κO)(1,10-phenanthroline-κ2 N,N′)zinc(II)

The Zn atom in the title compound, [Zn(C7H5O2)2(C12H8N2)(H2O)], is five-coordinate in a distorted trigonal–bipyramidal coordination environment involving two O atoms of two monodentate benzoates, two N atoms of a 1,10-phenanthroline mol­ecule and one O atom of a water mol­ecule. The axial positions are occupied by a carboxyl­ate O atom from the benzoate ligand and an N atom from the 1,10-phenanthroline ligand [N—Zn—O = 146.90 (7)°]. The water mol­ecule forms an intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond; an inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond gives rise to a dimer

Frequency stability in modern power network from complex network viewpoint

Acknowledgement The work is supported in part by Key Program of Nature Science Fund of Shaanxi Province (2016ZDJC-01), IRT of Shaanxi Province (2013KCT-04).Peer reviewedPostprin

Influence of Oil on Heat Transfer Characteristics of R410A Flow Boiling in Conventional and Small Size Microfin Tubes

Compact heat exchangers for refrigeration and air-conditioning systems are beneficial to reduce cost, charge inventory and leakage of refrigerant, and to improve energy efficiency and safety. Using small diameter microfin tubes is one way to decrease the size of heat exchangers. Currently, small diameter micofin tubes with outside diameter (O.D.) of 5.0 mm and 4.0 mm O.D. begin to be applied in newly developed R410A air conditioners instead of conventional size tubes (e.g. 7.0 mm O.D. microfin tubes). With the decrease of the tube diameter, the pressure drop becomes much larger, resulting in the decrease of the heat exchanger performance. In order to avoid such performance decrease, the heat exchanger should be redesign based on clearly understanding the difference of the heat transfer characteristics between conventional size microfin tubes and small diameter micofin tubes. Therefore, the heat transfer characteristics of R410A flow boiling inside both conventional size microfin tubes and small diameter microfin tubes should be known. Under real working conditions of R410A air conditioner, some amount of oil inevitably circulates with the refrigerant and has a significant impact on refrigerant evaporation heat transfer characteristics (Shen and Groll, 2005; Thome, 1996). Therefore, the influence of oil on heat transfer characteristics of R410A flow boiling inside microfin tubes with different diameters covering from conventional size to small size should be investigated. Experiments of R410A-oil mixture flow boiling inside microfin tubes with different outside diameters of 4.0~7.0 mm were performed. The experimental results show that, for 7.0 mm microfin tube, the influence factor of oil on the heat transfer characteristics are larger than 1.0 under the conditions of low vapor qualities (xr,o \u3c 0.4), presenting the enhancement effect of oil on heat transfer characteristics; with the increase of vapor quality, the enhancement becomes smaller, and is smaller than 1.0 under the conditions of low vapor qualities (xr,o \u3e 0.65), showing the deterioration effect of oil on heat transfer characteristics. As the tube diameter decreases from 7.0 mm to 4.0~5.0 mm, the deterioration effect of oil is weakened, especially at intermediate and high vapor qualities; for 4.0-5.0 mm tubes, the presence of oil shows the enhancement effect on heat transfer characteristics under the conditions of intermittent vapor quality (0.4 \u3c xr,o \u3c 0.8), which is not the same as the deterioration effect for 7.0 mm tubes. The comparison of heat transfer coefficient for two 5.0 mm microfin tubes with different fin structures shows that, larger fin height and contact area of liquid with tube wall may enhance the heat transfer for oil-free R410A, but result in smaller enhancement effect of oil at low vapor qualities and smaller deterioration effect of oil at intermediate and high vapor qualities. Based on the experimental data for conventional and small size microfin tubes, a general heat transfer correlation for R410A-oil mixture flow boiling inside microfin tubes was developed, and it agrees with 94% of the experimental data of R410A-oil mixture in 4.0 mm ~ 7.0 mm microfin tubes within a deviation of ±30%

Angle-tolerant linear variable color filter based on a tapered etalon

We propose and fabricate a linear variable color filter (LVCF) that possesses an enhanced angular tolerance in conjunction with a wide linear filtering range (LFR) by taking advantage of an Ag-TiO2-Ag configuration. The TiO2 cavity is tapered in thickness along the device so that the resonance wavelength can be continuously tuned according to the position. In addition, the metal-dielectric-metal structure is overlaid with a pre-designed graded anti-reflection coating in SiO2 to complete the etalon, thereby maximizing the transmission efficiency across the entire device. The tapered dielectric layers in the proposed filter were fabricated via glancing angle deposition without the help of any mask or moving parts. The center wavelength was scanned from 410 nm to 566 nm, resulting in an LFR of 156 nm, and the overall spectra exhibited an approximate peak transmission of 40% and spectral bandwidth of 68 nm. The angular tolerance was as large as 45°, incurring a fractional wavelength shift below 4.2%. The resonance wavelength was verified to be linearly dependent on the position, providing a linearity beyond 99%. The proposed LVCF will thus be actively utilized in a portable micro-spectrometer and spectral scanning device.National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIP) (No. 2016R1A2B2010170); ARC Future Fellowship FT110100853

Identification and analysis of the germin-like gene family in soybean

In line 12 of page 1, replace "GmGER 9" with "GmGER 15"

Masked Vision-Language Transformer in Fashion

We present a masked vision-language transformer (MVLT) for fashion-specific multi-modal representation. Technically, we simply utilize vision transformer architecture for replacing the BERT in the pre-training model, making MVLT the first end-to-end framework for the fashion domain. Besides, we designed masked image reconstruction (MIR) for a fine-grained understanding of fashion. MVLT is an extensible and convenient architecture that admits raw multi-modal inputs without extra pre-processing models (e.g., ResNet), implicitly modeling the vision-language alignments. More importantly, MVLT can easily generalize to various matching and generative tasks. Experimental results show obvious improvements in retrieval (rank@5: 17%) and recognition (accuracy: 3%) tasks over the Fashion-Gen 2018 winner Kaleido-BERT. Code is made available at https://github.com/GewelsJI/MVLT.Comment: Accepted by Machine Intelligence Research (2023