Mass formulae and strange quark matter

We have derived the popularly used parametrization formulae for quark masses at low densities and modified them at high densities within the mass-density-dependent model. The results are applied to investigate the lowest density for the possible existence of strange quark matter at zero temperature.Comment: 9 pages, LATeX with ELSART style, one table, no figures. Improvement on the derivation of qark mass formula

Strong laws of large numbers for sub-linear expectations

We investigate three kinds of strong laws of large numbers for capacities with a new notion of independently and identically distributed (IID) random variables for sub-linear expectations initiated by Peng. It turns out that these theorems are natural and fairly neat extensions of the classical Kolmogorov's strong law of large numbers to the case where probability measures are no longer additive. An important feature of these strong laws of large numbers is to provide a frequentist perspective on capacities.Comment: 10 page

An Invariance Principle of G-Brownian Motion for the Law of the Iterated Logarithm under G-expectation

The classical law of the iterated logarithm (LIL for short)as fundamental limit theorems in probability theory play an important role in the development of probability theory and its applications. Strassen (1964) extended LIL to large classes of functional random variables, it is well known as the invariance principle for LIL which provide an extremely powerful tool in probability and statistical inference. But recently many phenomena show that the linearity of probability is a limit for applications, for example in finance, statistics. As while a nonlinear expectation--- G-expectation has attracted extensive attentions of mathematicians and economists, more and more people began to study the nature of the G-expectation space. A natural question is: Can the classical invariance principle for LIL be generalized under G-expectation space? This paper gives a positive answer. We present the invariance principle of G-Brownian motion for the law of the iterated logarithm under G-expectation

Chiral Condensates in Quark and nuclear Matter

We present a novel treatment for calculating the in-medium quark condensates. The advantage of this approach is that one does not need to make further assumptions on the derivatives of model parameters with respect to the quark current mass. The normally accepted model-independent result in nuclear matter is naturally reproduced. The change of the quark condensate induced by interactions depends on the incompressibility of nuclear matter. When it is greater than 260 MeV, the density at which the condensate vanishes is higher than that from the linear extrapolation. For the chiral condensate in quark matter, a similar model-independent linear behavior is found at lower densities, which means that the decreasing speed of the condensate in quark matter is merely half of that in nuclear matter if the pion-nucleon sigma commutator is six times the average current mass of u and d quarks. The modification due to QCD-like interactions is found to slow the decreasing speed of the condensate, compared with the linear extrapolation.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures, revtex4 styl

Three-dimensional reconstruction of wear particles by multi-view contour fitting and dense point-cloud interpolation

Three-dimensional (3D) surfaces of wear particles were reconstructed through multi-view contour fitting and dense point-cloud interpolation with an aim to obtain comprehensive features for wear debris analysis. Multiple image frames at different views were captured when the particles move with rotations through a micro-sized flow channel. The particle contours were extracted from multi-view images to build a 3D model based on particle contour fitting. The 3D modeling accuracy was then improved through an interpolated dense point-cloud. To validate the 3D model, an experiment was carried out to compare its performance to that of results obtained using laser scanning confocal microscopy. The results show that the errors of quantitative surface characterization using the arithmetical mean height (Sa) and the root-mean-square height (Sq) are less than 5.86%, and less than 17.12% for the kurtosis (Sku). The proposed method has great potential values in online condition monitoring of wear particles

Decoupling of non-strange, strange and multi-strange particles from the system in Cu-Cu, Au-Au and Pb-Pb collisions at high energies

Transverse momentum spectra of the non-strange, strange and multi-strange particles in central and peripheral Copper-Copper, Gold-Gold and Lead-Lead collisions are analyzed by the blast wave model with Boltzmann Gibbs statistics. The model results are approximately in agreement with the experimental data measured by BRAHMS, STAR, SPS, NA 49 and WA 97 Collaborations in special transverse momentum ranges. Bulk properties in terms of kinetic freeze out temperature, transverse flow velocity and freezeout volume are extracted from the transverse momentum spectra of the particles. Separate freeze out temperatures are observed for the non-strange, strange and multi-strange particles which maybe due to different reaction cross-sections of the interacting particles and it reveals the triple kinetic freezeout scenario in collisions at BRAHMS, STAR, SPS, NA 49 and WA 97 Collaborations, however the transverse flow velocity and freezeout volume are mass dependent and they decrease with the increasing the rest mass of the particles. Furthermore, the kinetic freezeout temperature, transverse flow velocity and kinetic freezeout volume in central nucleus-nucleus collisions are larger than those in peripheral collisions. Besides, the larger kinetic freezeout temperature and freezeout volume are observed in the most heaviest nuclei collisions, indicating their dependence on the size of interacting syste

A New Low-Power CMOS Quadrature VCO with Current Reused Structure

A new quadrature voltage controlled oscillator (QVCO) circuit topology is proposed for low-voltage and low-power applications. In the proposed circuit, two oscillators with current-reused structure are coupled to each other by two P&N-MOS pairs. In this way, low phase noise quadrature signals are generated with low-voltage and low-power. The simulation is made by Cadence in chartered 0.18 μm CMOS process. The simulation result shows that the QVCO phase noise is approximately - 117.1 dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset from 1.8 GHz operation frequency. The QVCO dissipates 1.92 mW with a 1.1 V supply voltage

Carbon supported CdSe nanocrystals

Insights to the mechanism of CdSe nanoparticle attachment to carbon nanotubes following the hot injection method are discussed. It was observed that the presence of water improves the nanotube coverage while Cl containing media are responsible for the shape transformation of the nanoparticles and further attachment to the carbon lattice. The experiments also show that the mechanism taking place involves the right balance of several factors, namely, low passivated nanoparticle surface, particles with well-defined crystallographic facets, and interaction with an organics-free sp2 carbon lattice. Furthermore, this procedure can be extended to cover graphene by quantum dots.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure