Detection of Minimum-Ionizing Particles and Nuclear Counter Effect with Pure BGO and BSO Crystals with Photodiode Read-out

Long BGO (Bismuth Germanate) and BSO (Bismuth Silicate) crystals coupled with silicon photodiodes have been used to detect minimum-ionizing particles(MIP). With a low noise amplifier customized for this purpose, the crystals can detect MIPs with an excellent signal-to-noise ratio. The NCE(Nuclear Counter Effect} is also clearly observed and measured. Effect of full and partial wrapping of a reflector around the crystal on light collection is also studied.Comment: 18 pages, including 5 figures; LaTeX and EP

Radar RFI at Goldstone DSS 12 and DSS 16

Radio frequency interference (RFI) from the DSS 14 Goldstone Solar System Radar (GSSR) was investigated at DSS 12 and DSS 16 with the goal of assisting in the choice of the location of future DSN antennas. Total power measurements at both locations were made at the S-band carrier frequency of 2320 MHz. X-band measurements at the carrier frequency of 8495 MHz could not be made. Exciter-chain output spectrum and klystron output spectrum measurements were made at S- and X-bands using a probable worst-case modulation of the radar signal (short pseudorandom number (PN) code length and short pulse length). Based on these measurements, it is estimated that RFI levels in the DSN receiving bands at both sites (above 10-deg elevation) would be below -192 dBm for a 1-Hz bandwidt

Fluctuation Analysis of Human Electroencephalogram

The scaling behaviors of the human electroencephalogram (EEG) time series are studied using detrended fluctuation analysis. Two scaling regions are found in nearly every channel for all subjects examined. The scatter plot of the scaling exponents for all channels (up to 129) reveals the complicated structure of a subject's brain activity. Moment analyses are performed to extract the gross features of all the scaling exponents, and another universal scaling behavior is identified. A one-parameter description is found to characterize the fluctuation properties of the nonlinear behaviors of the brain dynamics.Comment: 4 pages in RevTeX + 6 figures in ep

Long-term power-law fluctuation in Internet traffic

Power-law fluctuation in observed Internet packet flow are discussed. The data is obtained by a multi router traffic grapher (MRTG) system for 9 months. The internet packet flow is analyzed using the detrended fluctuation analysis. By extracting the average daily trend, the data shows clear power-law fluctuations. The exponents of the fluctuation for the incoming and outgoing flow are almost unity. Internet traffic can be understood as a daily periodic flow with power-law fluctuations.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figure

Multiple G-It\^{o} integral in the G-expectation space

In this paper, motivated by mathematic finance we introduce the multiple G-It\^{o} integral in the G-expectation space, then investigate how to calculate. We get the the relationship between Hermite polynomials and multiple G-It\^{o} integrals which is a natural extension of the classical result obtained by It\^{o} in 1951.Comment: 9 page

Probing High Redshift Radiation Fields with Gamma-Ray Absorption

The next generation of gamma-ray telescopes may be able to observe gamma-ray blazars at high redshift, possibly out to the epoch of reionization. The spectrum of such sources should exhibit an absorption edge due to pair-production against UV photons along the line of sight. One expects a sharp drop in the number density of UV photons at the Lyman edge E_{L}. This implies that the universe becomes transparent after gamma-ray photons redshift below E (m_{e}c^2)^{2}/E_{L} 18 GeV. Thus, there is only a limited redshift interval over which GeV photons can pair produce. This implies that any observed absorption will probe radiation fields in the very early universe, regardless of the subsequent star formation history of the universe. Furthermore, measurements of differential absorption between blazars at different redshifts can cleanly isolate the opacity due to UV emissivity at high redshift. An observable absorption edge should be present for most reasonable radiation fields with sufficient energy to reionize the universe. Ly-alpha photons may provide an important component of the pair-production opacity. Observations of a number of blazars at different redshifts will thus allow us to probe the rise in comoving UV emissivity with time.Comment: ApJ accepted version, minor changes. 19 pages, 5 figure

Formation and kinetics of transient metastable states in mixtures under coupled phase ordering and chemical demixing

We present theory and simulation of simultaneous chemical demixing and phase ordering in a polymer-liquid crystal mixture in conditions where isotropic- isotropic phase separation is metastable with respect to isotropic-nematic phase transition. It is found that mesophase formation proceeds by a transient metastable phase that surround the ordered phase, and whose lifetime is a function of the ratio of diffusional to orientational mobilities. It is shown that kinetic phase ordering in polymer-mesogen mixtures is analogous to kinetic crystallization in polymer solutions.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figures accepted for publication in EP

The Impact of Revenue Diversification on Bank Profitability and Stability: Empirical Evidence from South Asian Countries

This paper is a contribution to the ongoing debate on the benefits and drawbacks of bank revenue diversification. Revenue diversification may benefit banks if diversified activities are inherently less risky and possess high returns, while it may hurt banks if diversified activities are more risky and have low returns. Analyzing a panel dataset of 200 commercial banks from all South Asian countries, we found that overall revenue diversification into non-interest income has a positive impact on the profitability and stability of South Asian commercial banks. We further observed that different types of non-interest income-generating activities have different impacts on bank performance and stability. While fees and commission incomes have a negative impact on the profitability and stability of South Asian commercial banks, other non-interest income has a positive impact. Our results imply that banks can benefit from revenue diversification if they diversify into specific types of non-interest income-generating activities. Our findings are robust and relevant to the use of alternative measures of revenue diversification, profitability and stability