Between Carl Menger and Peter Struve: On Russian liberal economics

The Russian-Speaking scientific emigration after the Bolshevik revolution of 1917 has not been the subject of a systematic analysis. The Russian émigré economists made important contributions to the «high economic theory» and they were essential for the formation of the economic communities and traditions in several Southeast and Central European countries (Bulgaria, former Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, and Romania). The majority of Russian economists studied in Germany and Austria, and shared liberal economic views. Our interest in these economists is the result of the observation that their research offers an interesting attempt for the liberal synthesis of the main ideas of the Austrian School (especially those of Carl Menger) and the key insights of Russian economic thought, especially the original economic and sociological system of Peter Struve. That synthesis could be considered as a missed opportunity for the further development of the liberal theory, because for many reasons it remained isolated. In this article we analyze the contributions of two main representatives of this theoretical stream, namely Simeon Demostenov (1886-1966) and Naum Dolynski (1890-1968). © Copyright by Fabrizio Serra editore, Pisa. Roma

Between Carl Menger and Peter Struve: On Russian Liberal Economics

International audienceThe Russian-Speaking scientific emigration after the Bolshevik revolution of 1917 has not been the subject of a systematic analysis. The Russian émigré economists made important contributions to the \guillemotleft high economic theory\guillemotright and they were essential for the formation of the economic communities and traditions in several Southeast and Central European countries (Bulgaria, former Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, and Romania). The majority of Russian economists studied in Germany and Austria, and shared liberal economic views. Our interest in these economists is the result of the observation that their research offers an interesting attempt for the liberal synthesis of the main ideas of the Austrian School (especially those of Carl Menger) and the key insights of Russian economic thought, especially the original economic and sociological system of Peter Struve. That synthesis could be considered as a missed opportunity for the further development of the liberal theory, because for many reasons it remained isolated. In this article we analyze the contributions of two main representatives of this theoretical stream, namely Simeon Demostenov (1886-1966) and Naum Dolynski (1890-1968). \textcopyright Copyright by Fabrizio Serra editore, Pisa. Roma

Between Carl Menger and Peter Struve: On Russian liberal economics

The Russian-Speaking scientific emigration after the Bolshevik revolution of 1917 has not been the subject of a systematic analysis. The Russian émigré economists made important contributions to the «high economic theory» and they were essential for the formation of the economic communities and traditions in several Southeast and Central European countries (Bulgaria, former Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, and Romania). The majority of Russian economists studied in Germany and Austria, and shared liberal economic views. Our interest in these economists is the result of the observation that their research offers an interesting attempt for the liberal synthesis of the main ideas of the Austrian School (especially those of Carl Menger) and the key insights of Russian economic thought, especially the original economic and sociological system of Peter Struve. That synthesis could be considered as a missed opportunity for the further development of the liberal theory, because for many reasons it remained isolated. In this article we analyze the contributions of two main representatives of this theoretical stream, namely Simeon Demostenov (1886-1966) and Naum Dolynski (1890-1968). © Copyright by Fabrizio Serra editore, Pisa. Roma

Changes of acute phase protein (haptoglobin, fibrinogen and ceruloplasmin) levels in weaning rabbits after experimental infection With E. coli

Because infection with E. coli commonly cause diarrhea in weaned rabbits, this study was conducted in order to monitor changes in circulating concentrations of haptoglobin (Hp), fibrinogen (Fb) and ceruloplasmin (Cp) during experimental infection weaned rabbits. For this, 18 rabbits from 40 to 45 days, weaned at 4 weeks were used: 12 were inoculated with strain 015: H - E. coli (6.10 7 cfu) and the other 6 were used as negative controls. Blood samples were performed 24 and 72 hours and 7, 11, 18 and 30 days after inoculation in order to determine the concentrations of acute phase proteins (APP) and coliforms were investigated in faecal samples 1, 6, 44, 16, 25 and 31 days later. The excretion of experimental strain began two days after inoculation with 3 rabbits and strengthened in the 3 rd day while mild to severe diarrhea were observed between the 5 th and 21 th days in all rabbits inoculated except 2. In parallel, bacterial excretion gradually decreased. In addition, Hp concentrations were significantly increased at 24 hours after inoculation with E. Coli, reached maximum values on 7 th day (they were multiplied by 9) and remained significantly elevated compared to baseline until 30 th day. By cons, significant variation compared to baseline concentrations and Cp Fb appeared later (respectively the 3 rd and 7 th days), less intense (maximum values obtained on Day 11 was the approximate than doubled) and less durable (normal values were recovered on 30 th and 18 th days, respectively). Increases in all APPs concentrations were associated with intensity of diarrhea. Positive but moderate correlations were obtained between the concentrations of Hp and Cp or Fb whereas Cp concentrations and Fb were strongly correlated. The evolution in time and amplitude changes in levels of these APPs lead to consider the Cp and Fb proteins as positive but slow evolution of the acute phase while 1'Hp can be classified as a fast protein major and allowing early detection of bacterial infections in weaned rabbits before the onset of clinical signs (diarrhea) and fecal coliform excretion

Variations of acute phase protein (haptoglobin, fibrinogen and ceruloplasmin) concentrations in weaning rabbits after experimental infection with E.coli

Infections with E. coli are a common cause of diarrhoea in weaning rabbits. The present study was conducted to evaluate the changes in the blood concentrations of haptoglobin (Hp), ceruloplasmin (Cp) and fibrinogen (Fb) during experimentally induced E. coli infection in weaning rabbits. A total of 18 rabbits, 40-45 days old and weaned at 4 weeks were used: 12 were inoculated with the E. coli strain type 015:H- suspension (6. 107 cfu) and the 6 remained rabbits served as controls. Blood samples for acute phase proteins (APPs) analysis were collected before (0 h) and at 24 th and 72th hours and on days 7, 11, 18 and 30 after inoculation. The presence of coliforms was investigated in rectal samples on days 1, 6, 11, 16, 25 and 31. The excretion of the 015:H- type began 2 days after experimental challenge in 3 rabbits and was intensified on day 3 whereas mild to severe diarrhoea episodes were observed between the 5 th day to the 21st day in all rabbits except 2. In parallel, bacterial excretion gradually declined. Moreover, Hp concentrations dramatically increased after E. coli inoculation since 24th hours, reached maximal values on day 7 (multiplied by a factor 9) and remained significantly elevated compared to basal values until the 30th day. By contrast, significant changes in Fb and Cp concentrations compared to initial values appeared later (on days 3 and 7 respectively), less intense (maximal concentrations observed on day 11 were only roughly doubled) and were more transient (normal values were obtained on days 30 and 18 respectively). Increases of all APP concentrations were associated with the intensity of the diarrhoea. Moderate positive correlations were evidenced between Hp and Cp or Fb concentrations while Cp and Fb concentrations were strongly correlated. The time course and the magnitude of changes of these APPs induce to consider Cp and Fb as slow reacting positive APPs while Hp has to be classified as a rapid major positive APP useful for early detection of bacterial infections in weaning rabbits, before the clinical appearance of diarrhoea and faecal excretion of E. coli

Predictive Factors and Risk Model for Positive Circumferential Resection Margin Rate after Transanal Total Mesorectal Excision in 2653 Patients with Rectal Cancer

The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of, and preoperative risk factors for, positive circumferential resection margin (CRM) after transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME). Background: TaTME has the potential to further reduce the rate of positive CRM for patients with low rectal cancer, thereby improving oncological outcome. Methods: A prospective registry-based study including all cases recorded on the international TaTME registry between July 2014 and January 2018 was performed. Endpoints were the incidence of, and predictive factors for, positive CRM. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed, and factors for positive CRM were then assessed by formulating a predictive model. Results: In total, 2653 patients undergoing TaTME for rectal cancer were included. The incidence of positive CRM was 107 (4.0%). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, a positive CRM after TaTME was significantly associated with tumors located up to 1 cm from the anorectal junction, anterior tumors, cT4 tumors, extra-mural venous invasion (EMVI), and threatened or involved CRM on baseline MRI (odds ratios 2.09, 1.66, 1.93, 1.94, and 1.72, respectively). The predictive model showed adequate discrimination (area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve >0.70), and predicted a 28% risk of positive CRM if all risk factors were present. Conclusion: Five preoperative tumor-related characteristics had an adverse effect on CRM involvement after TaTME. The predicted risk of positive CRM after TaTME for a specific patient can be calculated preoperatively with the proposed model and may help guide patient selection for optimal treatment and enhance a tailored treatment approach to further optimize oncological outcomes