Eficacia de una intervención enfermera en pacientes sometidos a cirugía bariátrica : proyecto de investigación

[Resumen] Introducción: La Obesidad Mórbida es una enfermedad metabólica crónica y progresiva, asociada a multitud de comorbilidades y de etiología multifactorial. Los pacientes con IMC> 35 kg/m2 no responden de manera positiva a los tratamientos basados en dieta y ejercicio físico, cuando estos fallan la primera opción pasa a ser la intervención quirúrgica. Los resultados de las intervenciones quirúrgicas como tratamiento de la obesidad mórbida son muy buenos a corto y medio plazo pero bajan su efectividad a largo plazo. Una consulta enfermera de seguimiento tras cirugía bariátrica podría ayudar a la adherencia de una dieta saludable y a la realización regular de ejercicio físico, mejorando la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Objetivo general: Determinar la eficacia de una intervención enfermera en la mejora de los resultados tras la cirugía bariátrica, en términos de: pérdida de peso, adherencia a una dieta saludable, realización de ejercicio físico y calidad de vida relacionada con la salud. Material y método: Diseño: Estudio experimental aleatorizado controlado de grupos paralelos, realizado en pacientes adultos sometidos por primera vez a cirugía bariátrica en el HUAC durante el periodo abril 2019 – marzo 2020 (n=100). Los pacientes serán aleatoriamente asignados a un grupo control (seguimiento médico habitual, n=50) o un grupo intervención (seguimiento habitual + seguimiento en consulta de enfermería, n=50). El seguimiento se extenderá 3 años tras la cirugía. Variables de eficacia: Pérdida de peso, hábitos alimenticios (cuestionario PREDIMED), realización de ejercicio físico (IPAQ), calidad de vida (SF-36, BAROS). Otras variables: Variables sociodemográficas, comorbilidades, variables fisiológicas, variables relacionadas con la cirugía. Aspectos éticos y legales: consentimiento informado, autorización del comité de ética acreditado.[Resumo] Introdución: A obesidade mórbida é unha enfermidade metabólica crónica e progresiva, asociada a multitude de comorbilidades e etioloxía multifactorial. Os pacientes con IMC> 35 kg / m2 non responden positivamente aos tratamentos baseados en dieta e exercicio físico, cando estes fallan a primeira opción convértese en intervención cirúrxica. Os resultados das intervencións cirúrxicas como tratamento da obesidade mórbida son moi bos a curto e medio prazo pero reducen a súa eficacia a longo prazo. Unha consulta de seguimento da enfermeira despois da cirurxía bariátrica podería axudar á adhesión a unha dieta sa e ao exercicio regular, mellorando a calidade de vida dos pacientes Obxectivo xeral: determinar a eficacia dunha intervención de enfermaría na mellora dos resultados tras a cirurxía bariátrica en termos de: perda de peso, adherencia a unha dieta sa, exercicio físico e calidade de vida relacionada coa saúde. Material e método: Deseño: Estudo experimental controlado aleatoriamente de grupos paralelos, realizado en pacientes adultos sometidos por primeira vez a cirurxía bariátrica no HUAC durante o período abril 2019 - marzo de 2020 (n = 100).Os pacientes asignaranse aleatoriamente a un grupo control (seguimento médico habitual, n = 50) ou a un grupo de intervención (seguimento habitual / seguimento na consulta de enfermería, n = 50). O seguimento prolongarase 3 anos despois da cirurxía. Variables de eficacia: perda de peso, hábitos alimentarios (cuestionario PREDIMED), rendemento do exercicio físico (IPAQ), calidade de vida (SF-36, BAROS). Outras variables: variables sociodemográficas, comorbilidades, variables fisiolóxicas, variables relacionadas coa cirurxía. Aspectos éticos e legais: consentimento informado, autorización do comité de ética acreditado.[Abstract] Introduction: Morbid Obesity is a chronic and progressive metabolic disease, associated with a multitude of comorbidities and multifactorial etiology. Patients with BMI> 35 kg / m2 do not respond positively to treatments based on diet and physical exercise, when these fail the first option becomes surgical intervention. The results of surgical interventions as a treatment for morbid obesity are very good in the short and medium term but lower their effectiveness in the long term. A nurse follow-up consultation after bariatric surgery could help adherence to a healthy diet and regular exercise, improving the quality of life of patients General objective: To determine the efficacy of a nursing intervention in the improvement of results after bariatric surgery, in terms of: weight loss, adherence to a healthy diet, physical exercise and quality of life related to health. Material and method: Design: Experimental randomized controlled study of parallel groups, carried out in adult patients submitted for the first time to bariatric surgery in the HUAC during the period April 2019 - March 2020 (n = 100).Patients will be randomly assigned to a control group (usual medical follow-up, n = 50) or an intervention group (usual follow-up + follow-up in nursing consultation, n = 50). The follow-up will be extended 3 years after surgery. Efficacy variables: Weight loss, eating habits (PREDIMED questionnaire), physical exercise performance (IPAQ), quality of life (SF-36, BAROS). Other variables: Sociodemographic variables, comorbidities, physiological variables, variables related to surgery. Ethical and legal aspects: informed consent, authorization of the accredited ethics committee.Traballo fin de grao (UDC.FEP). Enfermaría. Curso 2018/201

Efficient synthesis of coumarin-chalcones hybrids as new scaffold with antibacterial interest

The 14th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry session Natural Products ChemistryDue to the potential antibacterial activity of the chalcone and coumarin moieties, hybrid compounds containing both structures have been synthesized in good yield using the Knoevenagel reaction as the key stepSVR is grateful to the Spanish Ministry de Education and Science for the grant AP2008-04263. Our groups is grateful to We are grateful to the Spanish Ministry of Health and Consum (PS09/00501) and to Xunta da Galicia (CSA030203PR

ECGDT: a graphical software tool for ECG diagnosis

While cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of death in developed countries, detection of cardiac abnormalities can reduce mortality rates, through early and accurate diagnosis. One of the main assets used to help in the diagnosis process is the electrocardiogram (ECG). A free software tool for electrocardiogram analysis and diagnosis is presented. The tool, named ECGDT, allows: (1) to detect beats present on the ECG, both in single and multi-channel levels, (2) to identify beat waves, and (3) to diagnose different cardiac abnormalities. System evaluation was performed in two ways: (1) diagnostic capabilities were tested with Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis, and (2) Graphical Software Interface (GUI) aspects, such as attraction, efficiency, or novelty, were evaluated employing User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ) scores. For disease diagnosis, the mean Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC) was 0.821. The system was also capable of detecting 100% of several cardiac abnormalities, such as bradycardia or tachycardia. Related to the GUI, all usability estimators scored values ranged between 2.208 and 2.750 (overall positive evaluations are obtained for values over 0.8). ECGDT could serve as an aid in the diagnosis of different medical abnormalities. In addition, the suitability of the developed interface has been proven.Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431B 2017/86Universidade de Vigo/CISU

Coumarin-Chalcone Hybrids as new scaffolds in drug discovery

The 13th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry session General Organic SynthesisThe first hydroxilated series of coumarin-chalcone derivatives has been synthesize starting from the corresponding salicyl aldehyde and β-ketoester precursors by a Knoevenagel reaction in order to obtain the methoxy derivatives which have been further hydrolyzed with a Lewis aci

QSAR for Anti-RNA-Virus Activity, Synthesis, and Assay of Anti-RSV Carbonucleosides Given an Unify Representation of Spectraö Moments, Quadratic, and Topologic Indices

The 9th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry session Computational ChemistryThe unify representation of spectral moments, classic topologic indices, quadratic indices, and stochastic molecular descriptors shown that all these molecular descriptors lie within the same family. Consequently, the same priori probability for a success quantitative-structure-activity-relationship (QSAR) may be expected no matter which indices are selected. Herein, we used stochastic spectral moments as molecular descriptors to seek a QSAR using a database of 221 bioactive compounds previously tested against diverse RNA-viruses and 402 non-active ones. The QSAR model thus obtained correctly classifies 90.9 % of compounds in training. The model also correctly classifies a total of 87.9 % of 207 compounds on additional external predicting series, 73 of them having anti-RNA-virus activity and 134 non-active ones. In addition, all compounds were regrouped into five different subsets for leave-group-out studies: 1) antiinfluenza, 2) anti-picornavirus, 3) anti-paramyxovirus, 4) anti-RSV/anti-influenza, and 5) broad range anti-RNA-virus activity. The model has retained overall accuracies about 90 % on these studies validating model robustness. Finally, we exemplify the practical use of the model with the discovery of compounds 124 and 128. These compounds presented MIC50 values = 3.2 and 8 µg/mL against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) respectively. Both compounds have also low cytotoxicity expressed by their Minimal Cytotoxic Concetrations > 400 µg/mL for HeLa cells. The present approach represent and effort toward a formalization and application of molecular indices in bioinformatics, bioorganic and medicinal chemistryAuthors would like to express their gratitude by partial financial support to the Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Santiago de Compostel

Synthesis of new phthalazinedione derivatives

The 15th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry session General Organic SynthesisIn the past few decades, the synthesis of new heterocyclic compounds has been a subject of great interest due to their wide applicability. Among a large variety of heterocyclic compounds, heterocycles containing phthalazine moiety were reported to possess anticonvulsant, cardiotonic, and vasorelaxant activities. Therefore, a number of methods have been reported for the synthesis of phthalazine derivatives. Despite the available methods, the development of new synthetic methods for the efficient preparation of heterocycles containing phthalazine ring fragment is therefore an interesting challenge. With these precedents and with the aim of preparing new derivatives with potential pharmacological activity, we have synthesized new phthalazinedione derivatives by introducing halogenoalkyl substituents in one of the NH-nucleophilic groups. So, we started with 4-chloro-phthalic anhydride, which reacted with methyl- hydrazine, in MW mild conditions. After purification, we obtained two different isomers of phthalizediones, 8-chloro-2-methyl-2, 3-dihydro-phthalazine-1, 4-dione and 8-chloro-3-methyl-2, 3-dihydro-phthalazine-1,4-dione. Then halogenoalkyl substituents with different chain length were introduced in the nitrogen group in a very efficient way. Finally halogen atom of alkyl chains was replaced by an azide group. The described synthetic route will allow us to condense a nitrogen heterocyclic ring on the phatalazinone moiety and obtain a new tricyclic scaffold with promising pharmacological propertie

Unify QSAR approach to antibacterial activity of organic drugs against different species

The 10th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry session Bioorganic Chemistry and Natural ProductsThere are many different kinds of pathogen bacteria species with very different susceptibility profile to different antibacterial drugs. One limitation of QSAR models are the biological activity of drugs against only one bacteria species. In previous paper we develop one unified Markov model to describe the biological activity of different drugs tested in the literature against some of the antimicrobial species. Consequently predicting the probability with which a drug is active against different bacteria species with a single unify model is a goal of the major importance. This work develops one unified Markov model to describe the biological activity of more than 70 drugs tested in the references against to 96 bacteria species. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) classifying drugs as active or non-active against the different tested bacteria species processed the data. The model correctly classifies 199 out of 237 active compounds (83.9%) and 168 out of 200 non-active compounds (84%). Overall training predictability was 84% (367 out of 437 cases). Validation of the model was carring out by means of external predicting series, classifying the model 202 out 243, 83.13% of compounds. In order to show how the model function in practice a virtual screening was carring out recognizing the model as active 84.5%, 480 out of 568 antibacterial compounds not used in training or predicting series. The present is an attempt to calculate withing a unify framework probabilities of antibacterial action of drugs against many different speciesAuthors thank projects PXIB20304PR and BTF20302PR from Xunta de Galiza for partial financial suppor

Oxidation-labile linkers for controlled drug delivery

The continuous symbiosis throughout chemical biology and drug discovery has led to the design of innovative bifunctional molecules for targeted and controlled drug delivery. Among the different tools, protein-drug and peptide-drug conjugates are trend approaches to achieve targeted delivery, selectivity and efficacy. To meet the main goals of these bioconjugates, the selection of the appropriate payloads and linkers is crucial, as they must provide in vivo stability, while they may also help to achieve the therapeutic target and action. In neurodegenerative diseases or some cancer types, where oxidative stress plays an important role, linkers sensitive to oxidative conditions may be able to release the drug once the conjugate achieves the target. Considering specially this specific application, this mini-review covers the most relevant publications on oxidation-labile linkersM.J.M. thanks Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (PID2020-116076RJ-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) for the financial support. A.C. thanks FCT for the PhD grant (2021.05149.BD)S

QSAR & Network-based multi-species activity models for antifungals

The 11th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry session Computational ChemistryThere are many pathogen microbial species with very different antimicrobial drugs susceptibility. In this work, we selected pairs of antifungal drugs with similar/dissimilar species predicted-activity profile and represented it as a large network, which may be used to identify drugs with similar mechanism of action. Computational chemistry prediction of the biological activity based on quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) susbtantialy increases the potentialities of this kind of networks avoiding time and resources consming experiments. Unfortunately, almost QSAR models are unspecific or predict activity against only one species. To solve this problem we developed here a multi-species QSAR classification model, which outputs were the inputs of the above-mentioned network. Overall model classification accuracy was 87.0% (161/185 compounds) in training, 83.4% (50/61) in validation, and 83.7% for 288 additional antifungal compounds used to extent model validation for network construction. The network predicted has 59 nodes (compounds), 648 edges (pairs of compounds with similar activity), low coverage density d = 37.8%, and distribution more close to normal than to exponential. These results are more characteristic of a not-overestimated random network, clustering different drug mechanisms of actions, than of a less useful power-law network with few mechanisms (network hubs)Gonzalez-Díaz H. acknowledges contract/grant sponsorship from the Program Isidro Parga Pondal of the “Dirección Xeral de Investigación y Desenvolvemento” of “Xunta de Galicia”. This author also acknowledges two contracts as guest professor in the Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain in 2006. The authors thank the Xunta de Galicia (projects PXIB20304PR and BTF20302PR) and the Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo (project PI061457) for partial financial suppor

Detection of drug-drug interactions by modeling interaction profile fingerprints

Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) constitute an important problem in postmarketing pharmacovigilance and in the development of new drugs. The effectiveness or toxicity of a medication could be affected by the co-administration of other drugs that share pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic pathways. For this reason, a great effort is being made to develop new methodologies to detect and assess DDIs. In this article, we present a novel method based on drug interaction profile fingerprints (IPFs) with successful application to DDI detection. IPFs were generated based on the DrugBank database, which provided 9,454 well-established DDIs as a primary source of interaction data. The model uses IPFs to measure the similarity of pairs of drugs and generates new putative DDIs from the non-intersecting interactions of a pair. We described as part of our analysis the pharmacological and biological effects associated with the putative interactions; for example, the interaction between haloperidol and dicyclomine can cause increased risk of psychosis and tardive dyskinesia. First, we evaluated the method through hold-out validation and then by using four independent test sets that did not overlap with DrugBank. Precision for the test sets ranged from 0.4–0.5 with more than two fold enrichment factor enhancement. In conclusion, we demonstrated the usefulness of the method in pharmacovigilance as a DDI predictor, and created a dataset of potential DDIs, highlighting the etiology or pharmacological effect of the DDI, and providing an exploratory tool to facilitate decision support in DDI detection and patient safety.This work was supported by grants R01 LM010016 (CF), R01 LM010016-0S1 (CF), R01 LM010016-0S2 (CF), R01 LM008635 (CF), “Plan Galego de Investigación, Innovación e Crece-mento 2011–2015 (I2C)”, European Social Fund (ESF) and Angeles Alvariño program from Xunta de Galicia (Spain)S