Types et trajectoires d'insertion socioprofessionnelle de jeunes diplômés: Caractéristiques et profil sociodémographique

This article discusses the results of a study conducted toward young graduates from professional high school, technical college and university during the first three years of their socio-professional integration process. The purpose is to understand different events, personal and professional, that are significant when young graduates enter to the work market. Moreover, their professional situation three years after graduation is discussed. More closely, we present four types and eleven paths of socio- professional integration, identified from interviews carried out three years after graduation. By means of these interviews, we propose an analysis of the results according to the gender and level of education of the subjects. Finally, a discussion about the insidious form of professional instability for a growing proportion of graduates, as well as a reflection about the different groups that are more vulnerable to it, is presented.Cet article aborde les résultats d'une étude menée auprès de jeunes diplômés des secteurs secondaire professionnel, collégial technique et universitaire, 1er cycle, en processus d'insertion socioprofessionnelle. Il vise à rendre compte des différents événements personnels et professionnels qui ponctuent l'entrée sur le marché du travail de ces jeunes diplômés et à faire état de leur situation professionnelle trois ans après leur sortie du système éducatif. Plus particulièrement, nous présentons d'abord quatre types et onze trajectoires d'insertion socioprofessionnelle identifiés à partir d'entretiens semi-structurés, effectués trois ans après l'obtention du diplôme. Nous proposons ensuite une analyse de ces résultats en fonction du sexe et du niveau de scolarité des sujets. Finalement, une discussion concernant les formes plus ou moins insidieuses que prend la précarité pour une proportion importante de diplômés et une réflexion sur les groupes qui y sont les plus vulnérables complètent l'article

Improving Forage Nonstructural Carbohydrates through Management and Breeding

Nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) are an important source of readily fermentable energy available to rumen microbes. Limited concentrations of readily available energy in forages combined with fast and intensive protein degradation contribute to poor N use efficiency by dairy cows and other ruminants. Increasing NSC in forages has been shown to improve intake, milk yield, and N use efficiency (Brito et al. 2009). We assessed several strategies to increase forage NSC accumulation, including PM-cutting, species selection and genetic improvement

Discomfort and agitation in older adults with dementia

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>A majority of patients with dementia present behavioral and psychological symptoms, such as agitation, which may increase their suffering, be difficult to manage by caregivers, and precipitate institutionalization. Although internal factors, such as discomfort, may be associated with agitation in patients with dementia, little research has examined this question. The goal of this study is to document the relationship between discomfort and agitation (including agitation subtypes) in older adults suffering from dementia.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This correlational study used a cross-sectional design. Registered nurses (RNs) provided data on forty-nine residents from three long-term facilities. Discomfort, agitation, level of disability in performing activities of daily living (ADL), and severity of dementia were measured by RNs who were well acquainted with the residents, using the Discomfort Scale for patients with Dementia of the Alzheimer Type, the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory, the ADL subscale of the Functional Autonomy Measurement System, and the Functional Assessment Staging, respectively. RNs were given two weeks to complete and return all scales (i.e., the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory was completed at the end of the two weeks and all other scales were answered during this period). Other descriptive variables were obtained from the residents' medical file or care plan.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Hierarchical multiple regression analyses controlling for residents' characteristics (sex, severity of dementia, and disability) show that discomfort explains a significant share of the variance in overall agitation (28%, <it>p </it>< 0.001), non aggressive physical behavior (18%, <it>p </it>< 0.01) and verbally agitated behavior (30%, <it>p </it>< 0.001). No significant relationship is observed between discomfort and aggressive behavior but the power to detect this specific relationship was low.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our findings provide further evidence of the association between discomfort and agitation in persons with dementia and reveal that this association is particularly strong for verbally agitated behavior and non aggressive physical behavior.</p

La valorisation de la recherche : une nouvelle mission pour l'université ?

International audienc

Genetic variation in shrinkage properties of Eucalyptus pilularis assessed using increment cores and test blocks

Assessments of genetic variation in wood properties are difficult and expensive to carry out. As a consequence, the inclusion of wood quality traits in eucalypt breeding programs has to date been limited. This study is part of a large investigation into the use of non-destructive methods of assessing wood properties by comparing the results with traditional destructive methods. This component of the study investigates the genetic variation in linear shrinkage of 152 open-pollinated families of Eucalyptus pilularis (Smith). Increment cores and test blocks were used to assess radial and tangential shrinkage as well as their ratio. Shrinkage results at 17% MC, 12% MC and 5% MC are presented here. Heritability estimates were moderate for tangential shrinkage but not significant for radial shrinkage or the ratio of the two. The genetic correlation between shrinkage measured on cores and on blocks at this stage was not sufficient to justify the use of increment cores alone in genetic assessments. Basic density had a moderate and negative correlation with tangential shrinkage, suggesting that selecting for higher basic density may help reduce tangential shrinkage. The increment core method was not successful at measuring radial shrinkage due to core distortion but an improved method is suggested. Measurements from scans and blocks showed that radial shrinkage was not heritable

Basal area increment is unaffected by thinning intensity in young 'Eucalyptus dunnii' and 'Corymbia variegata' plantations across different quality sites

The subtropical eucalypt plantation estate in Australia now comprises more than 100,000 hectares in north-east New South Wales (NSW) and south-east Queensland (QLD). If a significant proportion of this resource is to be used for sawlog production, it is necessary to design effective silvicultural systems, particularly thinning procedures. A thinning trial was carried out at two sites in QLD and two in NSW. Each was planted with two species, 'Eucalyptus dunnii' and 'Corymbia citriodora' ssp. 'variegata'. The original stocking density of the plantations at planting was 1000-1300 trees per hectare. When the trees were 6-8 years of age, three treatments were applied in randomised complete block designs: an unthinned control, 550 and 300 stems per hectare residual stocking. Basal area increment after thinning was affected by site quality but was not affected by thinning treatments for either species. Mean diameter increment was significantly greater in the thinned stands of both species for all trees in the stand and for the largest 250 trees per hectare. The similarity of basal area growth and difference in diameter growth gives good management flexibility as all treatments at all sites were fully utilising site resources. Analysis of financial factors is needed to determine optimum management under different market scenarios