71 research outputs found
Are successful colonizers necessarily invasive species? The case of the so-called invading parthenogenetic cockroach, Pycnoscelus surinamensis, in the Brazilian Atlantic forest
Les espĂšces colonisatrices sont potentiellement des espĂšces invasives. MĂȘme dans le cas oĂč elles ne seraient pas encore devenues invasives Ă proprement parler, elles offrent l'occasion d'Ă©tudier des situations analogues aux Ă©tapes prĂ©cĂ©dant ou amorçant l'invasion. Leur Ă©tude devrait permettre de mieux identifier les caractĂ©ristiques Ă©cologiques spĂ©cifiques qui conduisent Ă l'invasion biologique, en particulier par comparaison entre invasions rĂ©ussies et invasions avortĂ©es. Ce type d'analyse doit nĂ©cessairement complĂ©ter la compilation habituelle des caractĂ©ristiques des espĂšces invasives. La « blatte parthĂ©nogĂ©nĂ©tique envahissante » (selon son appellation la plus commune), Pycnoscelus surinamensis, a Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©e dans la rĂ©gion Atlantique du BrĂ©sil, afin de dĂ©terminer si elle est capable de se disperser des plantations colonisĂ©es aux fragments forestiers perturbĂ©s et adjacents. P surinamensis a Ă©tĂ© observĂ©e extrĂȘmement rarement dans les fragments forestiers et sa prĂ©sence n'a pas pu ĂȘtre reliĂ©e Ă son abondance dans les plantations adjacentes mais plutĂŽt Ă l'activitĂ© humaine Ă l'intĂ©rieur du fragment. Cette blatte n'est donc pas une espĂšce invasive localement mais seulement une espĂšce colonisatrice efficace. Des observations futures devront dĂ©terminer si la cause de cette absence d'invasion peut ĂȘtre recherchĂ©e dans une faible capacitĂ© de dispersion.Successful colonizers are potentially invasive species. They offer the opportunity to study the first steps toward invasions, even if these colonizing species failed until now to become invasive. They should allow the critical characteristics which first permit species to become invasive to be better understood, especially when comparing failed and successful invasions. This kind of analysis complements the listing of ali characteristics of invasive species which are supposed to favor invasiveness. The so-called invasive parthenogenetic cockroach, Pycnoscelus surinamensis, has been studied in the Atlantic region of Brazil to assess if it is able to spread from colonized plantations to adjacent disturbed forest fragments. P. surinamensis is extremely rare in forest fragments and its presence cannot be related to its
commonness in adj acent plantations but merely to man's activity inside the fragment. This cockroach is only a successful colonizer, not an invasive species. Pending on further
observations, we hypothesize that its failure to in vade is probably related to a low ability for dispersal
Nouvelles espÚces d'Angustonicus Grandcolas, 1997 (Insecta, Dictyoptera, Blattaria, Tryonicinae) et endémisme du genre en Nouvelle-Calédonie
Pellens, Roseli (2004): Nouvelles espÚces d'Angustonicus Grandcolas, 1997 (Insecta, Dictyoptera, Blattaria, Tryonicinae) et endémisme du genre en Nouvelle-Calédonie. Zoosystema 26 (2): 307-314, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.540069
Les collections pour la recherche scientifique du XXI e siĂšcle et au-delĂ
International audienc
Biodiversity Conservation and Phylogenetic Systematics - Preserving our evolutionary heritage in an extinction crisis
Ouvrage en accĂšs libreInternational audienc
Are successful colonizers necessarily invasive species ? The case of the so-called âinvading parthogenetic cockroachâ, Pycnoscelus surinamensis , in the Brazilian Atlantic forest
Successful colonizers are potentially invasive species. They offer the opportunity to study the first steps toward invasions, even if these colonizing species failed until now to become invasive. They should allow the critical characteristics which first permit species to become invasive to be better understood, especially when comparing failed and successful invasions. This kind of analysis complements the listing of all characteristics of invasive species which are supposed to favor invasiveness. The so-called invasive parthenogenetic cockroach, Pycnoscelus surinamensis, has been studied in the Atlantic region of Brazil to assess if it is able to spread from colonized plantations to adjacent disturbed forest fragments. P. surinamensis is extremely rare in forest fragments and its presence cannot be related to its commonness in adjacent plantations but merely to manâs activity inside the fragment. This cockroach is only a successful colonizer, not an invasive species. Pending on further observations, we hypothesize that its failure to invade is probably related to a low ability for dispersal.Les espĂšces colonisatrices sont potentiellement des espĂšces invasives. MĂȘme dans le cas oĂč elles ne seraient pas encore devenues invasives Ă proprement parler, elles offrent lâoccasion dâĂ©tudier des situations analogues aux Ă©tapes prĂ©cĂ©dant ou amorçant lâinvasion. Leur Ă©tude devrait permettre de mieux identifier les caractĂ©ristiques Ă©cologiques spĂ©cifiques qui conduisent Ă lâinvasion biologique, en particulier par comparaison entre invasions rĂ©ussies et invasions avortĂ©es. Ce type dâanalyse doit nĂ©cessairement complĂ©ter la compilation habituelle des caractĂ©ristiques des espĂšces invasives. La « blatte parthĂ©nogĂ©nĂ©tique envahissante » (selon son appellation la plus commune), Pycnoscelus surinamensis, a Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©e dans la rĂ©gion Atlantique du BrĂ©sil, afin de dĂ©terminer si elle est capable de se disperser des plantations colonisĂ©es aux fragments forestiers perturbĂ©s et adjacents. P. surinamensis a Ă©tĂ© observĂ©e extrĂȘmement rarement dans les fragments forestiers et sa prĂ©sence nâa pas pu ĂȘtre reliĂ©e Ă son abondance dans les plantations adjacentes mais plutĂŽt Ă lâactivitĂ© humaine Ă lâintĂ©rieur du fragment. Cette blatte nâest donc pas une espĂšce invasive localement mais seulement une espĂšce colonisatrice efficace. Des observations futures devront dĂ©terminer si la cause de cette absence dâinvasion peut ĂȘtre recherchĂ©e dans une faible capacitĂ© de dispersion.Pellens Roseli, Grandcolas Philippe. Are successful colonizers necessarily invasive species ? The case of the so-called âinvading parthogenetic cockroachâ, Pycnoscelus surinamensis , in the Brazilian Atlantic forest. In: Revue d'Ăcologie (La Terre et La Vie), tome 57, n°3-4, 2002. pp. 253-261
Le genre <i>Cryptocercus</i> en Asie de lâEst : distribution et nouvelles espĂšces (Insecta,Dictyoptera, Blattaria, Polyphagidae)
Three new species of Cryptocercus Scudder, 1862 are described: C. hirtus Grandcolas & Bellés n. sp., C. meridianus Grandcolas & Legendre n. sp. and C. parvus Grandcolas & Park n. sp. They extend the distribution of the genus to the South and to the North in China. As expected, these new data show that the genus is distributed in varied regions with classical distributional trade-offs between altitude and latitude. These new species together with C. relictus Bey-Bienko, 1935, C. primarius Bey-Bienko, 1938, C. matilei Grandcolas 2000, and C. kyebangensis Grandcolas, 2001, bring the number of East Asian species in the genus to seven. Morphological features of these species, including spine numbers on femora, pronotum shape, and genitalia structure, show a wide range of variation among species, larger indeed than among North American species.Three new species of Cryptocercus Scudder, 1862 are described: C. hirtus Grandcolas & Bellés n. sp., C. meridianus Grandcolas & Legendre n. sp. and C. parvus Grandcolas & Park n. sp. They extend the distribution of the genus to the South and to the North in China. As expected, these new data show that the genus is distributed in varied regions with classical distributional trade-offs between altitude and latitude. These new species together with C. relictus Bey-Bienko, 1935, C. primarius Bey-Bienko, 1938, C. matilei Grandcolas 2000, and C. kyebangensis Grandcolas, 2001, bring the number of East Asian species in the genus to seven. Morphological features of these species, including spine numbers on femora, pronotum shape, and genitalia structure, show a wide range of variation among species, larger indeed than among North American species.</p
Nouvelles espÚces d'<i>Angustonicus</i> (Insecta, Dictyoptera, Blattaria, Tryonicinae) et endémisme du genre en Nouvelle-Calédonie
Suite Ă la rĂ©vision de la sous-famille Tryonicinae (Dictyoptera, Blattaria, Blattidae), six espĂšces nouvelles du genre Angustonicus Grandcolas, 1997 ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©couvertes en Nouvelle-CalĂ©donie. Sont ainsi dĂ©crites A. koghensis n. sp., A. lifou n. sp., A. mare n. sp., A. pinorum n. sp., A. pouebo n. sp., et A. yate n. sp. dont les types sont dĂ©posĂ©s au MusĂ©um national dâHistoire naturelle Ă Paris. Ces nouvelles espĂšces Ă©largissent la distribution du genre Angustonicus Ă lâensemble de la Grande Terre, ainsi quâaux Ăles LoyautĂ©, Lifou et MarĂ© et Ă lâĂle des Pins. Elles confirment Ă©galement lâabsence quasi totale de sympatrie entre les espĂšces et lâextrĂȘme endĂ©misme dans le genre Angustonicus et la sousfamille Tryonicinae.Following the revision of the subfamily Tryonicinae (Dictyoptera, Blattaria, Blattidae), six new species belonging to the genus Angustonicus Grandcolas, 1997 have been discovered in New Caledonia. A. koghensis n. sp., A. lifou n. sp., A. mare n. sp., A. pinorum n. sp., A. pouebo n. sp. and A. yate n. sp. are described and their types are deposited in the collections of the MusĂ©um national dâHistoire naturelle, Paris. These new species increase the distribution area of the genus Angustonicus, which comprises the whole Grande Terre and the Loyalty Islands, Lifou and MarĂ©, as well as Ăle des Pins. They also confirm the nearly complete lack of sympatric distributions and the extreme endemism in the genus Angustonicus and in the subfamily Tryonicinae.</p
Arthropod-Microbiota Integration: Its Importance for Ecosystem Conservation
International audienceRecent reports indicate that the health of our planet is getting worse and that genuine transformative changes are pressing. So far, efforts to ameliorate Earthâs ecosystem crises have been insufficient, as these often depart from current knowledge of the underlying ecological processes. Nowadays, biodiversity loss and the alterations in biogeochemical cycles are reaching thresholds that put the survival of our species at risk. Biological interactions are fundamental for achieving biological conservation and restoration of ecological processes, especially those that contribute to nutrient cycles. Microorganism are recognized as key players in ecological interactions and nutrient cycling, both free-living and in symbiotic associations with multicellular organisms. This latter assemblage work as a functional ecological unit called âholobiont.â Here, we review the emergent ecosystem properties derived from holobionts, with special emphasis on detritivorous terrestrial arthropods and their symbiotic microorganisms. We revisit their relevance in the cycling of recalcitrant organic compounds (e.g., lignin and cellulose). Finally, based on the interconnection between biodiversity and nutrient cycling, we propose that a multicellular organism and its associates constitute an Ecosystem Holobiont (EH). This EH is the functional unit characterized by carrying out key ecosystem processes. We emphasize that in order to meet the challenge to restore the health of our planet it is critical to reduce anthropic pressures that may threaten not only individual entities (known as âbiontsâ) but also the stability of the associations that give rise to EH and their ecological functions
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