Simulation of Energy Consumption in Multi Cluster Wireless Sensor Networks

Energy conserving protocols in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), such as S-MAC, introduce multi-cluster network. The border nodes in multi cluster WSNs have more active time than the other nodes in the network; hence have more energy depletion rate. Since battery replacement in most networks is considered difficult, one or more nodes running out of energy prematurely will affect the network connectivity and decrease the overall network performance severely. This paper aims to (1) analyze the energy consumption in a multi-cluster sensor network and compare it to the single cluster scenario (2) investigate the merging time in a single cluster network. The result shows that, in average the energy needed to deliver a packet in the multi cluster networks is about 150% more than the energy needed in the single cluster networks. Moreover, the merging time in the single cluster network using schedule offset as the merging criteria in average is slightly smaller than one in the network using schedule ID as the merging criteria

Sex or Sexual Assault? Critical Media Literacy as a Tool for Consent Education

Most children’s exposure to media begins in infancy and increases into adulthood. Even programming produced for children is rife with sexist and racist messaging (Harris, 2018). Because of its seductive imagery, media act as a highly influential form of sex education. Problematically, media habitually portray nonconsensual behavior as sexy and consent-seeking as unsexy (Katz, 2019). Black women are routinely devalued, hypersexualized, and exoticized in movies and television (Donovan, 2007). The result of such media exposure is that young people often misunderstand what constitutes sexual assault (Edwards, 2015). Logically, when individuals do not clearly understand the differences between consensual sex and assault, they are more likely to perpetrate sexual assault themselves and less likely to seek assistance when victimized. Black women and young adults are particularly vulnerable to sexual violence. One out of every five women in college experiences sexual assault (Edwards, 2015), and one in four Black girls experience sexual abuse before they reach 18, equating to a higher likelihood than the general population (Balow, 2020). Though many schools are now incorporating rape-prevention programming in their sex education curricula, it is frequently decontextualized, limiting the potential efficacy (Cameron-Lewis, 2012). For example, the California State University system, where this study took place, mandates its students receive sexual assault prevention training annually. Though proven to be beneficial in aiding students in identifying advertising fallacies and gender inequities (Harris, 2018), no studies could be found which explore how critical media literacy (CML) could be used as a tool of sexual violence prevention. To address the lack of research, this study collected data to lay the groundwork for building CML consent education. Using a 37-question online survey incorporating open and closed questions, this study examined college students’ CML skills related to sex and sexuality, their understanding of consent, and their capacity to identify nonconsent in media texts. Findings showed significant student CML skill variability in all three areas. The male group vastly underperformed female and non-binary/ trans/ agender groups in all three subjects explored. Furthermore, a lack of correlation between year in school and consent understanding was observed, suggesting that the annual sexual assault prevention training students receive does have a cumulative effect on students’ understanding of consent. Further, CML related to sex and sexuality, and consent were found to predict consent understanding. Meaning, not only does the capacity to recognize nonconsent in media predict consent understanding, but students’ recognition of sexually oppressive messages in texts also predicts their understanding of consent. This study will make teachers and administrators better aware of students’ CML skills related to sexism and consent, thus strengthening their position to design optimally effective sexual violence prevention curricula and advocate for students to receive it

Implementasi Deteksi dan Pengenalan Wajah pada Sistem Ujian Online Menggunakan Metode Deep Learning Berbasis Raspberry Pi

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sistem yang secara otomatis dapat mengenali peserta dalam tes berbasis online untuk efisiensi waktu dan biaya. Sistem ini terdiri dari Raspberry Pi untuk menjalankan algoritma pengenalan wajah, Kamera Pi untuk menangkap gambar peserta dan server lokal untuk menyimpan data peserta. Pada tahap awal penelitian, dibangun sebuah dataset yang berisi foto terbaru peserta dan id peserta. Dataset ini kemudian digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran menggunakan algoritma haarcascade yang merupakan bagian dari metode deep learning untuk menghasilkan sebuah model. Pada tahap pengenalan, gambar peserta dibandingkan dengan model. Peserta yang berhasil dikenali akan secara otomatis dialokasikan ke komputer yang tersedia. Pengujian menunjukkan bahwa sistem berhasil mengenali peserta tes dan yang bukan peserta tes

Penentuan Prioritas pada Jaringan Back-bone Palapa Ring Menggunakan Derajat Node dan Cut Vertex

Palapa Ring is a project aiming to connect provinces and cities in Indonesia via a high data speed telecommunication path. The purpose of this  research is to identify the priority scale of each node in Palapa Ring Backbone network by considering the degree of each node and the cut vertices of the network. The result shows that the existing infrastructure in Palapa Ring comprised 48 nodes and 117 links. The nodes with the highest degree in the network were PBR, PTK, BJM, JK, SB and UP, with each of the nodes was connected to four links. Cut vertices in the network consisted of 22 nodes. The nodes in the network are classified into 4 categories. Five nodes (PBR, PTK, BJM, SB and UP) fell into the 1st priority group, two nodes (JK,MDN) fell into the 2nd priority group, 16 nodes fell into the 3rd priority group and the rest fell into the non priority group

SIMULATION OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN MULTI CLUSTER WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

Energy conserving protocols in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), such as S-MAC, introduce multi-cluster network. The border nodes in multi cluster WSNs have more active time than the other nodes in the network; hence have more energy depletion rate. Since battery replacement in most networks is considered difficult, one or more nodes running out of energy prematurely will affect the network connectivity and decrease the overall network performance severely. This paper aims to (1) analyze the energy consumption in a multi-cluster sensor network and compare it to the single cluster scenario (2) investigate the merging time in a single cluster network. The result shows that, in average the energy needed to deliver a packet in the multi cluster networks is about 150% more than the energy needed in the single cluster networks. Moreover, the merging time in the single cluster network using schedule offset as the merging criteria in average is slightly smaller than one in the network using schedule ID as the merging criteria

Emulasi Aplikasi Pemantauan Ruangan Melalui Handphone Menggunakan Webcam

This paper describes implementation of GPRS and Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME) technology in room monitoring application via mobile phone and webcam. The webcam, which is connected to a server, captures picture periodically. A mobile phone, which has GPRS feature and supports J2ME technology, is used to access the picture. Experiments were done using Nokia 3300 emulator in a local area network. The transfer rate time for a 36 KB picture is 0.9 second.The experiment's result shows that the system is only suitable for low frame rate room monitoring

KUALITAS SINYAL DAN KINERJA JARINGAN DATA ANTAR LORA GATEWAY RFM95

Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis kualitas sinyal dan kinerja jaringan data antar LoRa gateway RFM95 dalam kondisi Line Of Sight. Posisi antar pemancar dan penerima saat pengukuran berada pada jarak 100 m, 200 m, 500 m dan 700 m menggunakan antenna gain 2 dB dan daya pancar 10 dbm. Perubahan Spreading Factor diterapkan untuk mendapatkan parameter-parameter yang mempengaruhi kinerja sistem LoRa yaitu antara lain RSSI terhadap jarak, SNR terhadap jarak, Packet Delivery Ratio terhadap jarak, Delay terhadap jarak, Delay terhadap panjang paket dan perbandingan perhitungan transmission delay terhadap hasil pengukuran delay. Hasil pengujian memberikan informasi bahwa RSSI menurun terhadap jarak sedangkan Spreading Factor tidak terlalu mempengaruhi RSSI. Parameter lainnya yaitu SNR dipengaruhi oleh jarak, kondisi noise pada kanal area pengukuran dan Spreading Factor. Packet Delivery Ratio menurun ketika jarak bertambah tetapi dengan menggunakan SF 9 menunjukan hasil yang lebih bagus dibandingkan dengan menggunakan SF 7, terlihat pada jarak 700m dengan SF 9 mempunyai PDR 76% sedangkan dengan SF 7 mempunyai PDR 44%. Delay dipengaruhi oleh panjang paket dan penggunaan SF9 menghasilkan delay yang lebih besar daripada SF 7 terlihat pada jarak 700m dengan SF9 menghasilkan delay 0.996678 s dan SF 7 menghasilkan delay 0.060945s&nbsp