222 research outputs found
Digital Nudging for Online Social Sharing: Evidence from A Randomized Field Experiment
This study investigates the effectiveness of digital nudging for users’ social sharing of online platform content. In collaboration with a leading career and education online platform, we conducted a large-scale randomized experiment of digital nudging using website popups. Grounding on the Social Capital Theory and the individual motivation mechanism, we proposed and tested four kinds of nudging messages: simple request, monetary incentive, relational capital, and cognitive capital. We find that nudging messages with monetary incentive, relational and cognitive capital framings lead to increase in social sharing behavior, while nudging message with simple request decreases social sharing, comparing to the control group without nudging. This study contributes to the prior research on digital nudging by providing causal evidence of effective nudging for online social sharing behavior. The findings of this study also provide valuable guidelines for the optimal design of online platforms to effectively nudge/encourage social sharing in practice
Laser facilitates vaccination
Development of novel vaccine deliveries and vaccine adjuvants is of great importance to address the dilemma that the vaccine field faces: to improve vaccine efficacy without compromising safety. Harnessing the specific effects of laser on biological systems, a number of novel concepts have been proposed and proved in recent years to facilitate vaccination in a safer and more efficient way. The key advantage of using laser technology in vaccine delivery and adjuvantation is that all processes are initiated by physical effects with no foreign chemicals administered into the body. Here, we review the recent advances in using laser technology to facilitate vaccine delivery and augment vaccine efficacy as well as the underlying mechanisms
Topical Application of a Vitamin A Derivative and Its Combination With Non-ablative Fractional Laser Potentiates Cutaneous Influenza Vaccination
Skin contains a large number of antigen presenting cells, making intradermal (ID) injection one of the most effective ways for vaccine administration. However, although current adjuvants may cause severe local reactions and inflammations in the skin, no adjuvant has been approved for ID vaccination so far. Here, we report that topical application of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a vitamin A derivative produced in the human body, augmented cutaneous influenza vaccination. The adjuvant effects were evaluated in a murine vaccination/challenge model by using A/California/07/2009 pandemic vaccine (09V) or a seasonal influenza vaccine (SIV). ATRA drove a Th2-biased immune response, as demonstrated by profoundly elevated IgG1 titer rather than IgG2 titer. Combining ATRA with a non-ablative fractional laser (NAFL), which represents a new category of vaccine adjuvant utilizing physical stimuli to induce self-immune stimulators, further enhanced the efficacy of influenza vaccines with a more balanced Th1/Th2 immune response. The dual adjuvant strengthened cross-reactive immune responses against both homogenous and heterogeneous influenza viral strains. Analysis of gene expression profile showed that ATRA/NAFL stimulated upregulation of cytosolic nucleic acid sensors and their downstream factors, leading to a synergistic elevation of type I interferon expression. Consistent with this finding, knocking out IRF3 or IRF7, two key downstream regulatory factors in most nucleic acid sensing pathways, resulted in a significant decrease in the adjuvant effect of ATRA/NAFL. Thus, our study demonstrates that the self molecule ATRA could boost cutaneous influenza vaccination either alone or ideally in combination with NAFL
新型比率荧光探针的制备与应用
As a new type of nano-materials, metal nanoclusters have gained wide attention in chemistry, materials, biology and so on.In this project, the blue green fluorescent carbon nanomaterials with rich functional groups will be prepared by hydrothermal synthesis technology, using natural biomolecular bovine serum protein as precursor BSA@CDs. A new type of carbon nano coated silver nanoclustered composite was further prepared by using CDs as template CDs@AgNCs . The prepared CDs was used as template to further prepare a new carbon nanocoated silver nanocluster composite (CDs@AgNCs). The prepared new composite CDs@AgNCshas a double emission signal with good separation degree, it can realize the visual detection of dopamine and copper ions by the change of fluorescence signal ratio, effectively eliminating the interference of environmental factors
CP-BCS: Binary Code Summarization Guided by Control Flow Graph and Pseudo Code
Automatically generating function summaries for binaries is an extremely
valuable but challenging task, since it involves translating the execution
behavior and semantics of the low-level language (assembly code) into
human-readable natural language. However, most current works on understanding
assembly code are oriented towards generating function names, which involve
numerous abbreviations that make them still confusing. To bridge this gap, we
focus on generating complete summaries for binary functions, especially for
stripped binary (no symbol table and debug information in reality). To fully
exploit the semantics of assembly code, we present a control flow graph and
pseudo code guided binary code summarization framework called CP-BCS. CP-BCS
utilizes a bidirectional instruction-level control flow graph and pseudo code
that incorporates expert knowledge to learn the comprehensive binary function
execution behavior and logic semantics. We evaluate CP-BCS on 3 different
binary optimization levels (O1, O2, and O3) for 3 different computer
architectures (X86, X64, and ARM). The evaluation results demonstrate CP-BCS is
superior and significantly improves the efficiency of reverse engineering.Comment: EMNLP 2023 Main Conferenc
Quantum-enhanced Electrometer based on Microwave-dressed Rydberg Atoms
Rydberg atoms have been shown remarkable performance in sensing microwave
field. The sensitivity of such an electrometer based on optical readout of
atomic ensemble has been demonstrated to approach the photon-shot-noise limit.
However, the sensitivity can not be promoted infinitely by increasing the power
of probe light due to the increased collision rates and power broadening.
Compared with classical light, the use of quantum light may lead to a better
sensitivity with lower number of photons. In this paper, we exploit
entanglement in a microwave-dressed Rydberg electrometer to suppress the
fluctuation of noise. The results show a sensitivity enhancement beating the
shot noise limit in both cold and hot atom schemes. Through optimizing the
transmission of optical readout, our quantum advantage can be maintained with
different absorptive index of atomic vapor, which makes it possible to apply
quantum light source in the absorptive electrometer
Low-level light treatment ameliorates immune thrombocytopenia
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an immune-mediated acquired bleeding disorder characterized by abnormally low platelet counts. We reported here the ability of low-level light treatment (LLLT) to alleviate ITP in mice. The treatment is based on noninvasive whole body illumination 30 min a day for a few consecutive days by near infrared light (830 nm) transmitted by an array of light-emitting diodes (LEDs). LLLT significantly lifted the nadir of platelet counts and restored tail bleeding time when applied to two passive ITP models induced by anti-CD41 antibody. The anti-platelet antibody hindered megakaryocyte differentiation from the progenitors, impaired proplatelet and platelet formation, and induced apoptosis of platelets. These adverse effects of anti-CD41 antibody were all mitigated by LLLT to varying degrees, owing to its ability to enhance mitochondrial biogenesis and activity in megakaryocytes and preserve mitochondrial functions in platelets in the presence of the antibody. The observations argue not only for contribution of mitochondrial stress to the pathology of ITP, but also clinical potentials of LLLT as a safe, simple, and cost-effective modality of ITP
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Vehicle emission and atmospheric pollution in China: problems, progress, and prospects
China has been the largest vehicle market in the world since 2009. The stalemate between the rapid development of the vehicle industry and delayed vehicle emission control has become increasingly prominent. Vehicle emission has become a significant source of air pollution in China’s cities. Understanding the current barriers in the vehicle industry is necessary for the development of effective and sustainable measures and policy to manage vehicle-induced air pollution. This review provides insight into the circumstances and causes of vehicle-induced air pollution and outlines recent progress in policy-makers’ long-term strategies and regulations. The development of an integrated mechanism of social participation, technical revolution, and regulatory innovation in vehicles, fuel, and roads is suggested to break the stalemate between air pollution and the automobile boom in China; the implications of this review extend to other countries facing the similar atmospheric pollution problems
Simultaneous Determination of 30 Foodborne Stimulant Drug Residues in Animal-Derived Foods by Ultra-high Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry with Pass-Through Solid Phase Extraction
In order to solve the problems of the detection of various foodborne stimulants in different animal-derived foods such as significant differences in matrix effects and many types of interference, a method was established for the determination of 10 protein anabolic agents, 8 glucocorticoids, and 12 diuretics in animal-derived foods by pass-through solid phase extraction (SPE) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The sample was extracted with 5% formic acid in acetonitrile, and the extract was purified by pass-through solid phase extraction before being analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS. The internal standard method was used for quantification. The results showed that good linearity was observed for all analytes within their respective concentration ranges. The average recoveries ranged from 67.5% to 114.3% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) between 0.7% and 16.1% (n = 6). This method is characterized by high sensitivity, simple operation, high throughput and high detection efficiency, which improves the measurement accuracy of different complex matrices and can meet the need for the detection of the 30 foodborne stimulants in animal-derived foods used in sports events
Developing testicular organoids for assessing reproductive toxicity of antidepression drugs
Evaluating the reproductive toxicity of antidepressants is particularly important for those depressed male patients of childbearing age and crucial for the rational use of drugs in clini
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