Electroosmotically induced peristaltic flow of a hybrid nanofluid in asymmetric channel: Revolutionizing nanofluid engineering

The exploration of electroosmotic peristaltic flow in asymmetric channels using hybrid non-Newtonian nanofluids holds significant promise across multiple domains. From microfluidics and electronics cooling to energy systems and biomedical applications, its implications are vast. By leveraging the distinctive attributes of nanofluids and the precision offered by electroosmotic and peristaltic flow, this research has the potential to drive the development of more efficient and innovative designs in these diverse fields. The current investigation reveals an analysis of heat transfer concerning hybrid nano liquid based on water. This nano liquid is influenced by both electroosmosis and peristalsis, operating simultaneously. Within this water-based hybrid nanofluid, there are nanoparticles composed of copper and iron oxide (Fe2O3−Cu/H2O). The study investigates into characteristics of flow and heat transport processes, considering key factors such as the applied electric and magnetic fields, thermal conductivity, mixed convection, shape of nanoparticles, variable viscosity, and assumptions related to Ohmic heating. Thermal and velocity slip boundary conditions are considered. To handle the analysis, the Poisson-Boltzmann equation is approximated using the Debye-Hückel approximation. The governing equations are then simplified using lubrication approximation. To solve the resulting system of dimensionless differential equations, NDSolve build in command of computational package Mathematica is employed. The outcomes of study affirm that inclusion of nanomaterials plays a vital role in enhancing heat transfer processes. Specifically, an increase in Joule heating and electromagnetic parameters contributes to a higher heat transfer rate at the boundary. Additionally, the incorporation of nanomaterials leads to a decrease in the flow rate of the nanofluid due to an increase in Helmholtz-Smoluchowski velocity. Furthermore, the heat transfer rate at wall diminishes as the Hartman number and Helmholtz-Smoluchowski velocity are increased. Showcasing the potential to enhance heat transfer, microfluidic devices, and various systems by harnessing the distinctive characteristics of hybrid nanofluids and regulating flow through peristaltic and electroosmotic methods. Providing insights into potential applications and industries that could profit from these findings, including microfluidics, electronics cooling, biomedical devices, and energy systems. © 2023 The Authors21498; 202104010911016, 22088; BK20200429; King Khalid University, KKU: RGP.1/435/44; Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University; 2023-JC-YB-375, 22040The authors are thankful to the Deanship of Scientific Research, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia, for financially supporting this work through the General Research Project under Grant No: RGP.1/435/44 and The science and technology project of Jiangsu: BK20200429; the science and technology project of Shanxi Province: 2023-JC-YB-375; China TIESIJU Civil Engineering Group Co. Ltd: 22040; China Design Group Co. Ltd: 21498; Nanjing Huizhu Information Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd: 22088; Suzhou Rail Transit, Shanxi Technology Innovation Center project: 202104010911016.The authors are thankful to the Deanship of Scientific Research, King Khalid University , Abha, Saudi Arabia, for financially supporting this work through the General Research Project under Grant No: RGP.1/435/44 and The science and technology project of Jiangsu : BK20200429 ; the science and technology project of Shanxi Province : 2023-JC-YB-375 ; China TIESIJU Civil Engineering Group Co., Ltd : 22040 ; China Design Group Co., Ltd : 21498 ; Nanjing Huizhu Information Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd : 22088 ; Suzhou Rail Transit, Shanxi Technology Innovation Center project : 202104010911016

ESNOQ, Proteomic Quantification of Endogenous S-Nitrosation

S-nitrosation is a post-translational protein modification and is one of the most important mechanisms of NO signaling. Endogenous S-nitrosothiol (SNO) quantification is a challenge for detailed functional studies. Here we developed an ESNOQ (Endogenous SNO Quantification) method which combines the stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) technique with the detergent-free biotin-switch assay and LC-MS/MS. After confirming the accuracy of quantification in this method, we obtained an endogenous S-nitrosation proteome for LPS/IFN-γ induced RAW264.7 cells. 27 S-nitrosated protein targets were confirmed and using our method we were able to obtain quantitative information on the level of S-nitrosation on each modified Cys. With this quantitative information, over 15 more S-nitrosated targets were identified than in previous studies. Based on the quantification results, we found that the S-nitrosation levels of different cysteines varied within one protein, providing direct evidence for differences in the sensitivity of cysteine residues to reactive nitrosative stress and that S-nitrosation is a site-specific modification. Gene ontology clustering shows that S-nitrosation targets in the LPS/IFN-γ induced RAW264.7 cell model were functionally enriched in protein translation and glycolysis, suggesting that S-nitrosation may function by regulating multiple pathways. The ESNOQ method described here thus provides a solution for quantification of multiple endogenous S-nitrosation events, and makes it possible to elucidate the network of relationships between endogenous S-nitrosation targets involved in different cellular processes

Preliminary study of relationships between hypnotic susceptibility and personality disorder functioning styles in healthy volunteers and personality disorder patients

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Hypnotic susceptibility is one of the stable characteristics of individuals, but not closely related to the personality traits such as those measured by the five-factor model in the general population. Whether it is related to the personality disorder functioning styles remains unanswered.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In 77 patients with personality disorders and 154 healthy volunteers, we administered the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale: Form C (SHSSC) and the Parker Personality Measure (PERM) tests.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Patients with personality disorders showed higher passing rates on SHSSC Dream and Posthypnotic Amnesia items. No significant correlation was found in healthy volunteers. In the patients however, SHSSC Taste hallucination (β = 0.26) and Anosmia to Ammonia (β = -0.23) were significantly correlated with the PERM Borderline style; SHSSC Posthypnotic Amnesia was correlated with the PERM Schizoid style (β = 0.25) but negatively the PERM Narcissistic style (β = -0.23).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our results provide limited evidence that could help to understand the abnormal cognitions in personality disorders, such as their hallucination and memory distortions.</p

Nitric Oxide Destabilizes Pias3 and Regulates Sumoylation

Small ubiquitin-related protein modifiers (SUMO) modification is an important mechanism for posttranslational regulation of protein function. However, it is largely unknown how the sumoylation pathway is regulated. Here, we report that nitric oxide (NO) causes global hyposumoylation in mammalian cells. Both SUMO E2 conjugating enzyme Ubc9 and E3 ligase protein inhibitor of activated STAT3 (Pias3) were targets for S-nitrosation. S-nitrosation did not interfere with the SUMO conjugating activity of Ubc9, but promoted Pias3 degradation by facilitating its interaction with tripartite motif-containing 32 (Trim32), a ubiquitin E3 ligase. On the one hand, NO promoted Trim32-mediated Pias3 ubiquitination. On the other hand, NO enhanced the stimulatory effect of Pias3 on Trim32 autoubiquitination. The residue Cys459 of Pias3 was identified as a target site for S-nitrosation. Mutation of Cys459 abolished the stimulatory effect of NO on the Pias3-Trim32 interaction, indicating a requirement of S-nitrosation at Cys459 for positive regulation of the Pias3-Trim32 interplay. This study reveals a novel crosstalk between S-nitrosation, ubiquitination, and sumoylation, which may be crucial for NO-related physiological and pathological processes

ERα is an RNA-binding protein sustaining tumor cell survival and drug resistance

Estrogen receptor α (ERα) is a hormone receptor and key driver for over 70% of breast cancers that has been studied for decades as a transcription factor. Unexpectedly, we discover that ERα is a potent non-canonical RNA-binding protein. We show that ERα RNA binding function is uncoupled from its activity to bind DNA and critical for breast cancer progression. Employing genome-wide cross-linking immunoprecipitation (CLIP) sequencing and a functional CRISPRi screen, we find that ERα-associated mRNAs sustain cancer cell fitness and elicit cellular responses to stress. Mechanistically, ERα controls different steps of RNA metabolism. In particular, we demonstrate that ERα RNA binding mediates alternative splicing of XBP1 and translation of the eIF4G2 and MCL1 mRNAs, which facilitates survival upon stress conditions and sustains tamoxifen resistance of cancer cells. ERα is therefore a multifaceted RNA-binding protein, and this activity transforms our knowledge of post-transcriptional regulation underlying cancer development and drug response