Impact on agronomic parameters in Vines and wine quality of foliar treatments with specific fractions of yeast derivatives

In hot Spanish climate, Toledo, Syrah and Sauvignon blanc Vineyard were treated in pre veraison with yeast derivatives RD-LM and RD- LA to stimulate phenolic and aromatic maturity respectively (application of yeast derivatives specifically designed to be used with the patent foliar application technology WO/2014/024039, Lallemand Inc. Canada). For studied effects in berry and wine composition three harvest time had been done. Experimented yeast derivatives had no significant effects on yield components and vegetative growth in both varieties. The Syrah RD-LM variety presented higher total and extractable anthocyanins and also more amount of tannins, although this last ones are not evident in the sensory analysis. The sensory analysis of wine has given very similar results in both varieties but with significant results in favored by phenols and tannins derived RD- LM and RD-LA respectively

Effects of Vine Water Status on Yield Components, Vegetative Response and Must and Wine Composition

Despite Vitis vinifera L. is a drought-tolerant species—rainfed traditionally grown in a very diversity of climates—irrigation has more and more become a usual practice aimed to obtain regular yields along seasons and to control must composition. Results on vineyard irrigation are dependent on the timing, length and intensity of the water deficit. From budbreak to flowering, shoot growth is very sensitive to water stress, while reproductive growth is almost unaffected. Severe water deficit during fruit set can reduce yield by affecting ovary cell multiplication and expansion. During maturation water stress induces yield reduction by limiting berry growth; along this phase must composition is also affected. There is a positive, linear relationship between must sugar content and available water; however, no relationship has been found to either total acidity or pH. Biosynthesis of anthocyanins and fruity aromas is enhanced by water deficit. Usually, wines from moderate irrigation treatments scored the highest. There is a general agreement that severe, long water deficits diminish must quality, leaf area, fertility and yield, and it has a negative carryover effect on the next seasons by limiting wood reserves to be used the following seasons

Efectos del déficit hídrico en el color de la baya y del vino, en la variedad de uva Cabernet sauvignon. Madrid.

Existe una preocupación por las consecuencias que puede ocasionar a la viticultura el cambio climático, especialmente en zonas cálidas y secas. Estos cambios podrían tener importantes consecuencias tanto en la calidad de la uva como en el potencial de sus vinos. El objetivo del ensayo fue evaluar los efectos del déficit hídrico en el color de los vinos, ya que hoy en día resulta de carácter obligatorio mantener su intensidad y calidad constante, frente a la percepción del consumidor frente a un vino de calidad. El diseño experimental se llevó a cabo en un viñedo comercial de la variedad Cabernet sauvignon, en el Sureste de Madrid, en los años 2010 y 2011. Los tratamientos fueron: i) déficit moderado continuo, (T0,45- 0,6), ii) déficit severo continuo (T0-0,3), iii) déficit severo post-envero (T0,45-0,3), iv) déficit severo pre-envero (T0-0,6). El déficit hídrico sí influyó en el tamaño de la baya, pero no a los porcentajes de hollejo, pulpa y semilla. Los vinos resultantes de los tratamientos con menor déficit obtuvieron las mayores tasas de color rojo y amarillo, luminosidad y cromaticidad

Long-term cost-utility analysis of remote monitoring of older patients with pacemakers: the PONIENTE study

Background: Cost-effectiveness studies on pacemakers have increased in the last years. However the number of long-term cost-utility studies is limited. The objective of this study was to perform a cost-utility analysis comparing remote monitoring (RM) versus conventional monitoring (CM) in hospital of older patients with pacemakers, 5 years after implant. Methods: Under a controlled, not randomized, nor masked clinical trial, 83 patients with pacemakers were initially selected. After five years of follow-up, a total of 55 patients (CM = 34; RM = 21) completed the study. A cost-utility analysis of RM in terms of costs per gained quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) was conducted. The costs from the Public Health System (PHS) as well as patients and their relatives were taken into account for the study. The robustness of the results was verified by the probabilistic analyses through Monte-Carlo simulations. Results: After a five-year follow-up period, total costs were lower in the RM group by 23.02% than in the CM group (€274.52 versus €356.62; p = 0.033) because of a cost saving from patients’ perspective (€59.05 versus €102.98; p = 0.002). However, the reduction of in-hospital visits derived from RM exhibited insignificant impact on the costs from the PHS perspective, with a cost saving of 15.04% (€215.48 vs. €253.64; p = 0.144). Costs/QALYs obtained by the RM group were higher as compared to the CM group, although there were no significant differences. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of CM in comparison to RM became positive (€301.16). Conclusions: This study confirms RM of older patients with pacemakers appears still as a cost-utility alternative to CM in hospital after 5 years of follow-up. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: (Identifier: NCT02234245). Registered 09 September 2014 - Prospectively registered.This study has been funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III through the project "No. PI17/02056" (Co-funded by European Regional Development Fund/European Social Fund "A way to make Europe"/"Investing in your future") and by the General Secretariat for Research, Development and Innovation, Regional Government of Andalusia (Spain), with Project Reference No. PI/0256/2017, under the research call "Development and Innovation Projects in the Field of Biomedicine and Health Sciences". The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The authors performed all research related activities independently

Influence of shoot number on the global productivity of positioned and non-positioned training systems

The global productivity of a vineyard is conditioned by the development of leaf area. The shoot density and the spatial distribution of leaf area influence the porosity of the canopy and the production of dry matter. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of the shoot density in the production of biomass in renewable parts and in the canopy microclimate, in both positioned and non-positioned training systems. The trial was developed during 2013 and 2014, in a Cabernet Sauvignon vineyard in Albacete (Spain). In two different training systems, one positioned -Vertical Shoot Positioned (VSP)- and another not positioned -Sprawl-, three levels of shoot density were established: 35 000, 55 000 and 70 000 shoots per hectare. At maturity the total leaf area, the external leaf area and the volume occupied by the canopy were determined, and the leaf area density was calculated. At the end of ripening, the biomass produced in renewable vegetative organs ?leaves and shoots- and reproductive organs -cluster - were determined. The higher the shoot density was the greater the production of total biomass, due to increased biomass production in clusters. The individual shoot vigour offset the differences in shoot density, so no differences were observed in the production of vegetative biomass due to the shoot density. The increases of vegetative growth and biomass accumulation due to increased shoot density were higher in Sprawl, the not positioned training system, than in VSP, the positioned one. In 2013, with the increasing of the density of shoot, the amount of biomass produced by leaf area increased in both training systems. But in 2014, no significant differences were found. The increase of leaf area density caused by the increase of the shoot number was higher in VSP than Sprawl. With higher density of shoot, canopy have higher densities of leaf area and therefore less porous

Comparative Effectiveness of Remote Monitoring of People with Cardiac Pacemaker versus Conventional: Quality of Life at the 6 Months

Fundamentos: El uso del seguimiento remoto (SR) de personas portadoras de marcapasos (MP) es limitado en comparación con la modalidad hospitalaria (SH), siendo escasa la evidencia científica que muestre su efectividad. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la calidad de vida en personas con diferentes modalidades de seguimiento. Métodos: Ensayo clínico controlado, no aleatorizado ni enmascarado, con recogida de datos pre y post-implante del marcapasos durante los 6 meses de seguimiento. Se seleccionó a todos los pacientes mayores de 18 años a los que se les implantó un marcapasos en el periodo de estudio (n=83), siendo asignados al grupo SR (n=30) o al grupo SH (n=53), en función de sus características personales y preferencias. Se analizaron las características basales y número de visitas al hospital, y se administró el cuestionario EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D) para evaluar la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud y el Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) para valorar la capacidad funcional. Resultados: No hubo diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos en relación al análisis basal, EQ-5D (SR:0,7299; SH:0,6769) y DASI (SR:21,41; SH:19,99) iniciales. A los 6 meses la calidad de vida mejoró enBackground: The use of remote follow-up (RF) of people with pacemakers (PM) is limited in comparison to the hospital modality (HS), being still poor the scientific evidence that shows their comparative effectiveness. The aim of this study was to compare the quality of life in individuals with different modalities of follow-up. Methods: Controlled, not randomized nor masked clinical trial, with data collection at pre and post-implantation of pacemakers during the 6 months follow-up. All patients over 18 years-old who were implanted a PM during the study period were selected (n=83), and they were assigned to RF (n=30) or HF (n=53) groups according to their personal characteristics and patient’s preferences. Baseline characteristics and number of visits to the hospital were analysed, the EuroQol-5D (EQ5D) questionnaire was administered to evaluate the health-related quality of life, and Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) to assess the functional capacity. Results: There were no significant differences between both groups in relation to the baseline analysis, EQ5D (RF:0.7299; HF:0.6769) and DASI (RF:21.41; HF:19.99). At 6 months the quality of life was improved in both groups (EQ5D RF:0.8613; HF:0.8175; p=0,439) still without significant differences between them. DASI score was similar to baseline (20.51 vs 21.80). RF group performed less transmissions/visits per patient (1.57) than hospital group (1.96; relative reduction 31%; p=0.015). Conclusions: Remote follow-up of people with pacemakers might be considered as an equivalent option to the hospital follow-up in relation to the quality of life and it reduces the number of hospital visits

Un Método Híbrido de Restauración de Imágenes Médicas con Ruido Gausiano e Impulsivo

Las técnicas de eliminación de ruido para restaurar imágenes ruidosas es actualmente un tema importante, por ejemplo, las imagenes médicas obtenidas por rayos X de tomografía computarizada (TC) en condiciones de ruido debido al empleo de un pequeño número de proyecciones presentan ruido de diferentes tipos. Diferentes metodos han sido propuestos para la restauración de imágenes a partir de imágenes ruidosas, por ejemplo, los metodos basados en la solución de problemas de mínimos cuadrados regularizados y metodos basados en el uso de la ecuación de difusión no lineal. En este trabajo se analizarán y evaluarán dos técnicas que por separado cada una se comporta de forma eficiente para la eliminacion de ruido Gaussiano e Impulsivo respectivamente, y combinadas forman un método híbrido que obtiene muy buenas prestaciones con respecto a la calidad en la mayoría de los distintos tipos de ruido. La primera técnica se basa en el concepto de peer-group y en la utilización de una métrica Fuzzy, la segunda trata de una técnica de Difusión no lineal. Las imágenes con las que se han analizado los métodos propuestos han sido obtenidas de la base de datos de mini-MIAS y se han danado (modificado) con ruido Gaussiano y/o impulsivo de diferentes magnitudes utilizando el entorno MATLAB.Este trabajo fue financiado por el Ministerio Español de Ciencia e Inovación (Proyecto TIN2008-06570-C04-04) y M. Gpe. Sánchez también le gustaría agradecer a la DGEST-ITCG por la beca otorgada a través del programa PROMEP (México).Sánchez, GM.; Vidal Gimeno, VE.; Verdú Martín, GJ.; Mayo Nogueira, P.; Ródenas Escribá, FDA.; Ginestar Peiro, D. (2011). Un Método Híbrido de Restauración de Imágenes Médicas con Ruido Gausiano e Impulsivo. Grupo Senda. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/43730

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Omecamtiv mecarbil in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, GALACTIC‐HF: baseline characteristics and comparison with contemporary clinical trials

Aims: The safety and efficacy of the novel selective cardiac myosin activator, omecamtiv mecarbil, in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is tested in the Global Approach to Lowering Adverse Cardiac outcomes Through Improving Contractility in Heart Failure (GALACTIC‐HF) trial. Here we describe the baseline characteristics of participants in GALACTIC‐HF and how these compare with other contemporary trials. Methods and Results: Adults with established HFrEF, New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA) ≥ II, EF ≤35%, elevated natriuretic peptides and either current hospitalization for HF or history of hospitalization/ emergency department visit for HF within a year were randomized to either placebo or omecamtiv mecarbil (pharmacokinetic‐guided dosing: 25, 37.5 or 50 mg bid). 8256 patients [male (79%), non‐white (22%), mean age 65 years] were enrolled with a mean EF 27%, ischemic etiology in 54%, NYHA II 53% and III/IV 47%, and median NT‐proBNP 1971 pg/mL. HF therapies at baseline were among the most effectively employed in contemporary HF trials. GALACTIC‐HF randomized patients representative of recent HF registries and trials with substantial numbers of patients also having characteristics understudied in previous trials including more from North America (n = 1386), enrolled as inpatients (n = 2084), systolic blood pressure &lt; 100 mmHg (n = 1127), estimated glomerular filtration rate &lt; 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 528), and treated with sacubitril‐valsartan at baseline (n = 1594). Conclusions: GALACTIC‐HF enrolled a well‐treated, high‐risk population from both inpatient and outpatient settings, which will provide a definitive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of this novel therapy, as well as informing its potential future implementation

Some applicaitons of mathematics to coding theory

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