Associations among Drug Acquisition and Use Behaviors, Psychosocial Attributes, and Opioid-Involved Overdoses: A SEM Analysis

No description supplied</p

Secondary metabolites isolated from <i>Penicillium christenseniae</i> SD.84 and their antimicrobial resistance effects

A pair of new quinolone alkaloid enantiomers, (Ra)-(-)-viridicatol (1) and (Sa)-(+)-viridicatol (4), and seven known compounds, namely, 2, 3 and 5–9, were isolated from Penicillium christenseniae SD.84. The structures of 1 and 4 were determined using NMR and HRESIMS data. Theoretical calculations through CD and ECD confirmed 1 and 4 as a pair of enantiomers. The MIC values of 4 against Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus were 12.4 and 24.7 μM, respectively, compound 1 had no inhibitory activity. Antimicrobial assays of 2, 3, and 5–7 showed a moderate activity against S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus. This study demonstrated the remarkable potential of Penicillium sp. to produce new drug-resistant leading compounds, thereby advancing the mining for new sources of antimicrobial agents.</p

Distribution of the outbreak strains and onset time.

<p>Distribution of the outbreak strains and onset time.</p

Dendrogram (% similarity coefficient) of the electrophoretic patterns of DNA macrorestriction with <i>Sma</i>I for the 20 MRSA isolates.

<p>Dendrogram (% similarity coefficient) of the electrophoretic patterns of DNA macrorestriction with <i>Sma</i>I for the 20 MRSA isolates.</p

Phylogenetic analysis of the six outbreak strains.

<p>A phylogenetic tree was constructed from multiple alignment of the core genome SNPs of the 6 isolates in the present study and another 4 previous isolates from GenBank, where FPR3757 USA300 was included as an outgroup. A phylogenetic tree with 1000 bootstrap resamples of the alignment data sets was generated using the neighbor-joining method in MEGA5.0 with the contribution model of "Kimura 2-parameter". Bootstrap values are indicated at the nodes. The scale bar indicates the number of substitutions per position for a unit branch length.</p

Resistance and virulence of six outbreak strains.

<p>Resistance and virulence of six outbreak strains.</p