[K(18C6)]₂[Pt(SCN)₄](H₂O): A novel one-dimensional coordination polymer with K-N bonds

983-984Pt (II) 18-crown-6 complex [K(18C6)]2[Pt(SCN)4](H2O) has been isolated and characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystal structure belongs to monoclinic, space group P21/ n with cell dimensions, a = 1.1116(1), b = 1.2258(1), c = 1.5856(1) nm, β = 93.479(9)o , V = 2.1567(3) nm3, Z = 2, R = 0.033 and Rw = 0.051 . In the solid state, the complex displays a one-dimensional infinite chain of two [K(18C6)]+ complex cations and a [Pt (SCN)4]2- anion bridged by one H2O molecule between adjacent [K(18C6)]+ units

Synthesis and crystal structure of two dimensional network DB18-C-6 complex: [Na(DB 18-C-6)]₂[Pt(SCN)₆]

1415-1416A novel dibenzo-18-crown-6 (DB18-C-6) complex [Na(DB18-C-6)]2[Pt(SCN)6] (1) has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectrum and X-ray diffraction analysis. The complex belongs to triclinic. space group P-1 with cell dimensions: a = 1.2500(3), b = 1.2825(3), c = 1.9342(4) nm, α =106.82(3) , β= 102.51(3),γ = 103.04(3)°, V = 2.7562nm3, Z=2, Dcalcd = 1.579 g/cm3, F(000) = 1316, R1 = 0.0364, wR2 = 0.0771. The complex shows a two-dimensional network structure of [Na(DB18-C-6)+ complex cations and [Pt(SCN)6]2- complex anion bridged by Na-N interactions between adjacent [Na(DB 18-C-6)+ and [pt(SCN)6]2- units

One-dimensional chain crown ether complex Synthesis and crystal structure of novel complex: {[Na(18C6)] [Na(18C6)(H₂O)]} [Cu(mnt)₂]

878-879The reaction of 18-crown-6 with Na2Cu(mnt)2 (mnt = 1 ,2-dicyanoethene-1 ,2-dithiolate, C2S2(CN)22-) gives the novel complex, {[Na(l8C6)] [Na(18C6) (H2O)]} [Cu(mnt)2]. The complex has been characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectrum and X-ray diffraction analysis. The complex displays a one-dimensional infinite chain of [Na(18C6)]+ complex cations and [Cu(mnt)22-] complex anion bridged by Na-N interactions between adjacent [Na(18C6)]+ units

One-dimensional chain crown ether complexes: Synthesis and crystal structure of [Na(18-crown-6)]₂[M(mnt)₂](M = Zn, Cd)

327-330The reactions of IR-crown-6 with Na2[Zn(mnt)2] and Na2[Cd(mnt)2] have been studied and the complexes [Na(18-crown-6)]2[M(mnt)2](M = Zn, Cd), are characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectrum and X-ray diffraction analysis. 1 and 2 belong to monoclinic, space group c2/c with cell dimensions, 1: a = 2.2418(6), b = 1.1359(3), c = 1.9887(6) nm, β= 120.391 (4)o, V = 4.368(2), nm3, Z = 4, Dcalcd = 1.399 Mg/m3, F(000) = 1920, R1 = 0.0302, wR2 = 0.0560 and 2: a = 2.2547(6), b = 1.1412(3), c = 1.9938(6) nm, β=119.715(4)°, V = 4.455 nm3, Z = 4, Dcalcd = 1.442 Mg/m3 , F(000)= 1992, R1 = 0.0384, wR2 = 0.0575. Two complexes display a one-dimensional chain of [Na(18C6)]+(complex cations and [M(mnt)2]2- (M = Zn, Cd) complex anion bridged by Na-O interactions between adjacent  [Na(18C6)]+ units respectively

Salinity-Induced Anti-Angiogenesis Activities and Structural Changes of the Polysaccharides from Cultured <i>Cordyceps Militaris</i>

<div><p>Cordyceps is a rare and exotic mushroom that grows out of the head of a mummified caterpillar. Many companies are cultivating Cordyceps to meet the increased demand for its medicinal applications. However, the structures and functions of polysaccharides, one of the pharmaceutical active ingredients in Cordyceps, are difficult to reproduce <i>in vitro</i>. We hypothesized that mimicking the salty environment inside caterpillar bodies might make the cultured fungus synthesize polysaccharides with similar structures and functions to that of wild Cordyceps. By adding either sodium sulfate or sodium chloride into growth media, we observed the salinity-induced anti-angiogenesis activities of the polysaccharides purified from the cultured <i>C. Militaris</i>. To correlate the activities with the polysaccharide structures, we performed the ¹³C-NMR analysis and observed profound structural changes including different proportions of α and β glycosidic bonds and appearances of uronic acid signals in the polysaccharides purified from the culture after the salts were added. By coupling the techniques of stable ³⁴S-sulfate isotope labeling, aniline- and D₅-aniline tagging, and stable isotope facilitated uronic acid-reduction with LC-MS analysis, our data revealed for the first time the existence of covalently linked sulfate and the presence of polygalacuronic acids in the polysaccharides purified from the salt added <i>C. Militaris</i> culture. Our data showed that culturing <i>C. Militaris</i> with added salts changed the biosynthetic scheme and resulted in novel polysaccharide structures and functions. These findings might be insightful in terms of how to make <i>C. Militaris</i> cultures to reach or to exceed the potency of wild Cordyceps in future.</p></div

The Orphan Response Regulator CovR: a Globally Negative Modulator of Virulence in Streptococcus suis Serotype 2▿ †

Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is an emerging zoonotic pathogen responsible for a wide range of life-threatening diseases in pigs and humans. However, the pathogenesis of S. suis serotype 2 infection is not well understood. In this study, we report that an orphan response regulator, CovR, globally regulates gene expression and negatively controls the virulence of S. suis 05ZYH33, a streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS)-causing strain. A covR-defective (ΔcovR) mutant of 05ZYH33 displayed dramatic phenotypic changes, such as formation of longer chains, production of thicker capsules, and increased hemolytic activity. Adherence of the ΔcovR mutant to epithelial cells was greatly increased, and its resistance to phagocytosis and killing by neutrophils and monocytes was also significantly enhanced. More importantly, inactivation of covR increased the lethality of S. suis serotype 2 in experimental infection of piglets, and this phenotype was restored by covR complementation. Colonization experiments also showed that the ΔcovR mutant exhibited an increased ability to colonize susceptible tissues of piglets. The pleiotropic phenotype of the ΔcovR mutant is in full agreement with the large number of genes controlled by CovR as revealed by transcription profile analysis: 2 genes are positively regulated, and 193 are repressed, including many that encode known or putative virulence factors. These findings suggested that CovR is a global repressor in virulence regulation of STSS-causing S. suis serotype 2

Observed polygalacturonic acids and sulfated oligosaccharides from fractions 1-11 (F1-F11).

<p>Observed polygalacturonic acids and sulfated oligosaccharides from fractions 1-11 (F1-F11).</p

Growth inhibitory effect of P0-P5 (a and b) and the effects of P0-P5 on capillary tube formation of HUVECs on Metrigel (c and d).

<p>(a and b) Growth inhibitory effect of P0-P5 on A549, H1299, HCT116, HT29 and HUVEC cells. Two human lung cancer cell lines H1299 and A549 (a), two human colon cancer cell lines HT29 and HCT116 and HUVECs (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0103880#pone-0103880-g001" target="_blank">Fig.1b</a>) were used to measure the percentage of viable cells after 48 hrs exposure to 100 µg/ml P0-P5. The experiment was repeated three times with similar results. (c and d) Effects of P0-P5 on capillary tube formation of HUVECs on Metrigel. A 96-well plate coated with 55 µL Matrigel per well was allowed to solidify at 37°C for 30–60 min. HUVEC cells (3×10⁴ cells/well) were seeded and cultured in 200 µL F12 complete media containing 100 µg/mL of P0-P5 or blank control for 4–12 hrs. After 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 hrs of incubation, the enclosed capillary networks of tubes were photographed at 8 hrs (<b>c</b>) and the numbers of capillary tubes formed were counted (<b>d</b>). The experiment was repeated twice with comparable results. The untreated cells (control) were assigned values of 100 and the results were presented as mean ± S.D. (n = 4). Significance: *P<0.05, **P<0.01 vs. control group.</p