15 research outputs found
Concentration or representation : the struggle for popular sovereignty
There is a tension in the notion of popular sovereignty, and the notion of democracy associated with it, that is both older than our terms for these notions themselves and more fundamental than the apparently consensual way we tend to use them today. After a review of the competing conceptions of 'the people' that underlie two very different understandings of democracy, this article will defend what might be called a 'neo-Jacobin' commitment to popular sovereignty, understood as the formulation and imposition of a shared political will. A people's egalitarian capacity to concentrate both its collective intelligence and force, from this perspective, takes priority over concerns about how best to represent the full variety of positions and interests that differentiate and divide a community
Quisqualis indica L.
原著和名: インドシクンシ科名: シクンシ科 = Combretaceae採集地: 千葉県 千葉市 千葉大学 (下総 千葉市 千葉大学)採集日: 1974/7/6採集者: 萩庭丈壽整理番号: JH007681国立科学博物館整理番号: TNS-VS-95768
Additional file 3: Table S3. of eMERGE Phenome-Wide Association Study (PheWAS) identifies clinical associations and pleiotropy for stop-gain variants
Dataset 1 results at p-value significance of 0.01. (XLSX 67 kb
Additional file 4: Table S4. of eMERGE Phenome-Wide Association Study (PheWAS) identifies clinical associations and pleiotropy for stop-gain variants
Dataset 2 results at p-value significance of 0.01. (XLSX 58 kb
Concordance between power in logistic regression and slope of power curve given by equation 6.
<p>Proportion of scenarios in which observed change in power agreed with predicted slope of chi-square power. The observed change in power is calculated as the sign of the difference of the median likelihood ratio statistic at γca = 0 and at γca = 1. 160 parameter values were considered, a subset of the parameter space described in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0063481#pone-0063481-t001" target="_blank">table 1</a>. 500 realizations at γca = 0 and at γca = 1 of each combination were undertaken to find the median likelihood ratio statistics.</p
Empirical power and asymptotic power.
<p>Comparison of empirical power (E) to asymptotic (A) for various <i>γ<sub>ca</sub></i> and <i>R</i> = 1 (solid line), <i>R</i> = 2 (dashed), <i>R</i> = 4 (dotted) at two loci that nominally replicate in the gold standard subset. Power is shown as 20<sup>th</sup> percentile of X<sup>2</sup> statistics over 1000 bootstrapped replicates for empirical graphs or as 20<sup>th</sup> percentile of the chi squared distribution for asymptotic graphs, with non-centrality determined from genotypic disease model given in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0063481#pone-0063481-t002" target="_blank">table 2</a>.</p
The parameter space Ω considered in simulation of power.
†<p>denotes null model with no genetic risk.</p
A subset with increasing power.
<p>Values of φ (y axis, between. 4 and 1) and <i>R</i> (x axis, values between 1 and 4) for which power is decreasing (dark) and increasing (light). Each panel shows a combination of prevalence, <i>k</i> by row (.05, .3) and homozygous relative risk RR<sub>AA</sub> by column, range 2–7. Prevalences <.05 are not shown here because of similarity to the panels for <i>k</i> = .05.</p
Participants by institution and genotyping center in combined gold/silver standard association study.
<p>Abbreviations: MF, Marshfield Clinic Personalized Medicine Research Project; VU, Vanderbilt University BioVU; GH, Group Health/University of Washington Adult Changes in Thought and Alzheimer's Disease Patient Registry; MAYO, Mayo Clinic biobank; CIDR, Center for Inherited Disease Research.</p
Error in asymptotic model.
<p>Percentage error in asymptotic model plotted against non-centrality, λ(ω), for various ω in Ω. Grey bands give approximate 90% bounds on percentage error, such that 90% of realizations in any λ-interval lie inside the region enclosed by the error bands.</p