Health information of Portuguese population

Para uma descrição completa do estudo, http://www.apis.ics.ulisboa.pt/catalogo/APIS0035/.O conhecimento sobre os fatores que promovem e defendem a saúde, enquanto fatores de prevenção das doenças, e sobre fatores de risco para a saúde, é um dos principais determinantes de comportamentos e estilos de vida salutogénicos. Assim sendo, a efetividade das intervenções de saúde pública passa por compreender o nível de conhecimento da população visada, de forma a planear de forma estratégica ações de sensibilização e de transmissão de conhecimento que visem mudança comportamental promotora de saúde. O projeto visou descrever o estado do conhecimento e a perceção de acessibilidade e qualidade das fontes de informação através das quais os portugueses podem adquirir informação sobre quatro doenças muito prevalentes e relevantes para a saúde pública (obesidade, diabetes, doenças cardiovasculares e cancro), bem como identificar os fatores críticos, de natureza comunicacional, social e clínica, que podem influenciar a aquisição desses conhecimentos. Os dados disponibilizados correspondem à primeira etapa do projeto que visou avaliar o estado de conhecimento e a perceção da acessibilidade e da qualidade das fontes de informação através das quais os portugueses podem adquirir informação sobre estas doenças. O questionário - principal instrumento de recolha de dados - foi aplicado a 1624 indivíduos e destinou-se a medir os conhecimentos e a perceção da acessibilidade e da qualidade das fontes de informação sobre saúde, designadamente em relação à prevenção, diagnóstico, tratamento e prognóstico de cada uma das quatro doenças acima referidas, consideradas prioritárias no quadro do Plano Nacional de Saúde 2004-2010.Knowledge on health promoting and preventing factors, as disease prevention factors, and on health risk factors is one of the main determinants for healthy behaviors and lifestyles. Therefore, the effectiveness of public health interventions requires the understanding of the level of knowledge of the population in question, in order to strategically plan for awareness and information actions that aim for health promoting behavioral changes. This project aimed to describe the state of that knowledge, as well as the perception of the accessibility and quality of information sources available to the Portuguese to acquire information on four very prevalent and relevant diseases in terms of public health (obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer), as well as to identify critical factors of communicative, social and clinical nature that can influence the acquisition of that knowledge. The data provided are related to the first stage of the project which intended to assess the level of knowledge, as well as the accessibility and quality of information sources available to the Portuguese to acquire information on these diseases. The questionnaire aimed at measuring the knowledge and the perceived quality and accessibility of the health information sources, specifically regarding prevention, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of each of the above mentioned diseases, as they were considered priority within the National Health Plan for 2004-2010.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologi

Prevalence of COVID-19 infection in black people in primary health care, hospital units and intensive care units: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction COVID-19 pandemic has affected people all over the world. In this context, health disparities are already evident in becoming ill and dying from this condition, further accentuating historical racial inequalities.Methods and analysis This protocol will be developed based on the recommendations of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols. For this, searches will be carried out in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Lilacs and ScienceDirect databases searching for cross-sectional studies that assessed the prevalence of black people with COVID-19 at different levels of complexity. All cross-sectional studies that analysed the prevalence of COVID-19 in black people assisted in primary care, hospital wards and intensive care units will be included. The research will be carried out by two independent researchers who will identify the articles; they will exclude duplicate studies. Through blind evaluation, they will select the articles using the Rayyan QCRI application. The instrument proposed by Downs and Black will be used to assess the risk of bias. The meta-analyses will be performed according to the data conditions included.Ethics and dissemination For this study’s development, there is no need for an ethical appraisal considering that it is a systematic review that will use secondary studies. This study’s findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and condensed summaries for main stakeholders and partners in the field. The database search is expected to begin on 1 February 2021. It is expected to complete the entire review process by 30 October 2021Trial registration number CRD42020209079

Cecropia pachystachya Trécul: a promising ingredient for skin-whitening cosmetics

Because it promotes the lightening of pigment spots, tyrosinase inhibition is one of the mechanisms of depigmenting cosmetic products. Considering the adverse effects produced by synthetic depigmenting actives, the search for new therapeutic options is desirable, and plant extracts are possible candidates for hyperpigmentation treatment. Glycolic extracts of Cecropia pachystachya Trécul are, therefore, the focus of this study. Its chemical characterization, antioxidant activity, tyrosinase inhibition, and cell viability were evaluated. Glycolic extracts were obtained by macerating the leaves of C. pachystachya in grain alcohol and glycerin or propylene glycol. Both had a similar chemical constitution, the glycerin being more efficient in concentrating phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Analyses by UHPLC-MS detected quinic acid, chlorogenic acid isomers, proanthocyanidin dimers type B and C, catechin/epicatechin, orientin/isoorientin, isoorientin 2”-O-xyloside, vitexin/isovitexin, and rutin. 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid was then quantified was then quantified, with predominance in the extract produced with propylene glycol. These extracts showed a high antioxidant capacity by the method of DPPH, β-carotene, and nitric oxide. As for depigmenting activity, both extracts were able to inhibit tyrosinase. Cell viability assay also revealed that the extracts could safely be used in concentrations of ≤ 125 µg/mL. Thus, this study demonstrated for the first time that the glycolic extracts of C. pachystachya have promising chemical and biological characteristics for the development of a multifunctional cosmetic with antioxidant and tyrosinase-inhibition activities

Laparoscopy-assisted percutaneous correction of abdominal wall defects in the umbilical region in a cadaveric model of bovine fetus.

Abdominal wall defects in calves are commonly diagnosed and treated via laparotomy. This technique has witnessed several advancements in the management of these disorders. This study aimed to create a study model and evaluate the feasibility of video-assisted percutaneous correction of abdominal wall defects in bovine fetuses (corpses) compared with the conventional technique. Sixteen bovine fetuses from pregnant cows slaughtered in slaughterhouses were included in this study. The fetuses were categorized into the control group (CG, n = 8), which was subjected to umbilical abdominorrhaphy via laparotomy, and the video-surgical group (VG, n = 8), which received video-assisted percutaneous sutures with two lateral accesses on the right flank. An abdominal wall defect was created in the VG group to generate a study model, which was corrected using the laparoscopic technique. The procedures were performed in two steps. The first step consisted of creating an abdominal wall defect in the umbilical region by laparoscopic approach in an iatrogenic manner (Step 1: E1). The second stage consisted of conventional abdominorrhaphy of the umbilical region wall defect in the CG group and video-assisted percutaneous suturing of the edges of the iatrogenic abdominal wall defect in the VG group, until reversal of the laparoscopic accesses (Step 2: E2). Step 1 showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups. However, a significant statistical difference (p < 0.0001) was observed between the two groups in step 2. The surgical time of step 2 was longer in the CG group (33.10 ± 0.43 minutes) than that in the VG group (10.13 ± 0.68 minutes, p < 0.0001), and the total surgical time was also longer in the CG group (38.48 ± 0.35 minutes) than that in the VG group (15.86 ± 0.67 minutes). The proposed laparoscopic technique allowed the creation of a study model for video-assisted percutaneous suturing with two portals and reduced the surgical time compared with the conventional technique. However, this method needs to be studied further in live animals

Laparoscopy-assisted percutaneous correction of abdominal wall defects in the umbilical region in a cadaveric model of bovine fetus

Abdominal wall defects in calves are commonly diagnosed and treated via laparotomy. This technique has witnessed several advancements in the management of these disorders. This study aimed to create a study model and evaluate the feasibility of video-assisted percutaneous correction of abdominal wall defects in bovine fetuses (corpses) compared with the conventional technique. Sixteen bovine fetuses from pregnant cows slaughtered in slaughterhouses were included in this study. The fetuses were categorized into the control group (CG, n = 8), which was subjected to umbilical abdominorrhaphy via laparotomy, and the video-surgical group (VG, n = 8), which received video-assisted percutaneous sutures with two lateral accesses on the right flank. An abdominal wall defect was created in the VG group to generate a study model, which was corrected using the laparoscopic technique. The procedures were performed in two steps. The first step consisted of creating an abdominal wall defect in the umbilical region by laparoscopic approach in an iatrogenic manner (Step 1: E1). The second stage consisted of conventional abdominorrhaphy of the umbilical region wall defect in the CG group and video-assisted percutaneous suturing of the edges of the iatrogenic abdominal wall defect in the VG group, until reversal of the laparoscopic accesses (Step 2: E2). Step 1 showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups. However, a significant statistical difference (p < 0.0001) was observed between the two groups in step 2. The surgical time of step 2 was longer in the CG group (33.10 ± 0.43 minutes) than that in the VG group (10.13 ± 0.68 minutes, p < 0.0001), and the total surgical time was also longer in the CG group (38.48 ± 0.35 minutes) than that in the VG group (15.86 ± 0.67 minutes). The proposed laparoscopic technique allowed the creation of a study model for video-assisted percutaneous suturing with two portals and reduced the surgical time compared with the conventional technique. However, this method needs to be studied further in live animals

Parâmetros hematológicos de bovinos da raça Holandesa: influência da tuberculinização comparada

Bovine tuberculosis is an important zoonotic disease, being diagnosed by the tuberculin test. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes of hematological parameters in dairy cattle subjected to comparative tuberculin test. Hematological parameters of 27 dairy cows, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration and differential white blood cells counts were analyzed. Hematological parameters at day zero (H0) were within the normal range for the species. But on H72 was no statistical difference for the increased number of rods and segmented neutrophils and decrease in lymphocytes, eosinophils and monocytes.A tuberculose bovina é uma importante doença de caráter zoonótico, sendo diagnosticada pela técnica de tuberculinização. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a alteração dos parâmetros hematológicos em bovinos leiteiros submetidos à tuberculinização comparada. Foram analisados os parâmetros hematológicos de 27 fêmeas bovinas leiteiras, hematócrito, concentração de hemoglobina e contagem diferencial de leucócitos. Os parâmetros hematológicos no dia zero (H0) encontravam dentro do intervalo de referência para a espécie.  Porém no dia H72 houve diferença estatística para o aumento na contagem de neutrófilos segmentados e bastonetes e diminuição na contagem de linfócitos, eosinófilos e monócitos

Avaliação do Conhecimento de Médicos Professores, Residentes e Estudantes de Medicina acerca da Declaração de Óbito

RESUMO A Declaração de Óbito (DO) é o documento-base do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade, do Ministério da Saúde. Contudo, trata-se de um assunto pouco abordado na formação médica continuada. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar o nível de conhecimento sobre questões básicas e de ordem prática no preenchimento e emissão da DO em alunos do 12º período do curso médico da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), em médicos residentes e em médicos docentes do Complexo Hospitalar da UFRN. Foram aplicados questionários com 11 questões de mútipla escolha, elaborado de acordo com o Manual de Preenchimento de Declaração de Óbito. Participaram da pesquisa 45 alunos, 66 médicos residentes e 96 médicos professores. Os médicos residentes obtiveram a melhor média de acerto entre as categorias. Nenhuma das três categorias obteve média de acertos de 70%. Considerando o tempo de formação em relação ao número de acertos, observou-se que, para cada ano de formação, em média, a porcentagem de acerto diminui em 0,485%. Este estudo evidencia a importância de uma educação médica continuada nas faculdades de Medicina para um adequado preenchimento e emissão da DO

Cecropia pachystachya Trécul: a promising ingredient for skin-whitening cosmetics

Abstract Because it promotes the lightening of pigment spots, tyrosinase inhibition is one of the mechanisms of depigmenting cosmetic products. Considering the adverse effects produced by synthetic depigmenting actives, the search for new therapeutic options is desirable, and plant extracts are possible candidates for hyperpigmentation treatment. Glycolic extracts of Cecropia pachystachya Trécul are, therefore, the focus of this study. Its chemical characterization, antioxidant activity, tyrosinase inhibition, and cell viability were evaluated. Glycolic extracts were obtained by macerating the leaves of C. pachystachya in grain alcohol and glycerin or propylene glycol. Both had a similar chemical constitution, the glycerin being more efficient in concentrating phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Analyses by UHPLC-MS detected quinic acid, chlorogenic acid isomers, proanthocyanidin dimers type B and C, catechin/epicatechin, orientin/isoorientin, isoorientin 2”-O-xyloside, vitexin/isovitexin, and rutin. 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid was then quantified was then quantified, with predominance in the extract produced with propylene glycol. These extracts showed a high antioxidant capacity by the method of DPPH, β-carotene, and nitric oxide. As for depigmenting activity, both extracts were able to inhibit tyrosinase. Cell viability assay also revealed that the extracts could safely be used in concentrations of ≤ 125 µg/mL. Thus, this study demonstrated for the first time that the glycolic extracts of C. pachystachya have promising chemical and biological characteristics for the development of a multifunctional cosmetic with antioxidant and tyrosinase-inhibition activities