Stereovideo youtube channel: short educational videos for the on-line learning of the the stereographic projection technique in Structural Geology

Stereovideo channel https://www.youtube.com/user/geostereovideo) is a YouTube channel of short educational videos (<5 min) focused on learning the handling of the stereographic projection technique applied to Structural Geology (also to Engineering Geology). This type of videos aims to reinforce the traditional classroom lessons with the use of communication technologies resources. Such a einforcing facilitates the possibility to deepen more on conceptual aspects once the students dominate the representation tool helping them to develop their own critical thinking skills. After three years of being launched on-line (on 2014), we analyze the broadcast and acceptance of the channel by the academic community. For this purpose we have taken into account two different sources: (1) the analytics tool from YouTube (subscriptions, views, countries, comments from the users, type of device for viewing), and (2) our own survey among users (students and teachers) to get their opinion about the videos. By January, 2017 (date of sending of this abstract), the channel has a total of 650 subscriptions, with more than 85,000 views all around the world, mainly in Spanish speaking countries (as the videos are in Spanish). The main devices for viewing the videos are PCs, but is noteworthy the use of smart phones and tablets. The video users, both students and teachers, value this type of content positively

Stereovideo youtube channel: short educational videos for the on-line learning of the the stereographic projection technique in Structural Geology

Stereovideo channel https://www.youtube.com/user/geostereovideo) is a YouTube channel of short educational videos (<5 min) focused on learning the handling of the stereographic projection technique applied to Structural Geology (also to Engineering Geology). This type of videos aims to reinforce the traditional classroom lessons with the use of communication technologies resources. Such a einforcing facilitates the possibility to deepen more on conceptual aspects once the students dominate the representation tool helping them to develop their own critical thinking skills. After three years of being launched on-line (on 2014), we analyze the broadcast and acceptance of the channel by the academic community. For this purpose we have taken into account two different sources: (1) the analytics tool from YouTube (subscriptions, views, countries, comments from the users, type of device for viewing), and (2) our own survey among users (students and teachers) to get their opinion about the videos. By January, 2017 (date of sending of this abstract), the channel has a total of 650 subscriptions, with more than 85,000 views all around the world, mainly in Spanish speaking countries (as the videos are in Spanish). The main devices for viewing the videos are PCs, but is noteworthy the use of smart phones and tablets. The video users, both students and teachers, value this type of content positively

Applicability of Newmark method at regional, sub-regional and site scales: seismically induced Bullas and La Paca rock-slide cases (Murcia, SE Spain)

In this paper, the applicability of the Newmark method at regional, sub-regional and site scales has been investigated in the Lorca Basin (Murcia). This basin is located in one of the most seismically active regions of Spain. The area is very interesting for studying earthquake-induced slope instabilities as there are well-known cases associated with specific earthquakes. For the regional and sub-regional scales, a geographic information system has been used to develop an implementation of Newmark sliding rigid block method. Soil and topographic amplification effects have been particularly considered. Subsequently, ‘Newmark displacement’ maps for deterministic seismic scenarios have been produced. Some specific studies have also been performed using limit equilibrium methods to estimate the safety factor and the critical acceleration of certain slope instabilities at a site scale. These instabilities were the rock slides related to recent seismic series at the Lorca Basin: 2002 Bullas (Mw = 5.0) and 2005 La Paca (Mw = 4.8). Finally, the safety factor, critical acceleration and Newmark displacement values estimated at different scales have been compared to determine which scale is most suitable for the Newmark method

Tectonic interpretation of the source of the 2011 Mw 5.2 Lorca earthquake and its surface effects

El 11 de mayo de 2011 ocurrió un terremoto de magnitud Mw 5,2 en el SE de la Cordillera Bética que produjo enormes daños en Lorca. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar un análisis e interpretación de la fuente geológica del terremoto de Lorca que explique su localización, magnitud y efectos superficiales generados. Se analizan las estructuras en el entorno de la región epicentral, la distribución espacial de la secuencia, los daños en las edificaciones y los deslizamientos y desprendimientos inducidos. Combinando todos estos aspectos se presenta una visión sinóptica de la génesis y de los efectos del sismo y se discuten a través del estudio de la transferencia de esfuerzos estáticos de Coulomb, las posibles implicaciones en la peligrosidad de los segmentos adyacentes de la Falla de Alhama de Murcia (FAM). Las características sismotectónicas del terremoto, la estructura local y la localización y cuantía de la deformación superficial son coherentes con una ruptura asimétrica (propagándose hacia el SO) de un tramo de la FAM de hasta 7 km de longitud, aunque la mayor parte de la energía se liberó en una estructura compleja coincidiendo con el dúplex de Matalauva al SO del epicentro. La ruptura produjo una sacudida orientada NO-SE (perpendicular a la falla) que explicaría los efectos de direccionalidad observados en los desprendimientos de rocas y en los daños orientados de los edificios. El efecto de directividad de la ruptura hacia el SO explicaría la concentración de los mayores efectos en el barrio de la Viña, al sur de Lorca, y en la vertiente norte de la Sierra de la Peña Rubia asociados a un pulso de movimiento de gran amplitud.On 11 May 2011 a 5.2 Mw earthquake struck the city of Lorca (south-east Spain), causing huge damage. The aim of this paper is to analyse and interpret the geological source of the earthquake in order to explain its location, size and surface effects. We have studied in detail the tectonic structure of the epicentral region, the spatial distribution of the seismic sequence and the distribution and characteristics of the damage and earthquake-triggered debris and rock falls. Combining all this information we provide a synoptic view of the genesis and the effects of the earthquake and discuss the implications of this event in the context of the seismic hazard of the adjacent Alhama de Murcia fault (FAM) segments according to Coulomb failure stress modelling. The seismotectonic characteristics of the earthquake, the local structure of the epicentral area, and the location and amount of surface deformation are consistent with the asymmetric (southward propagating) rupture of a section of the FAM up to 7 km in length. Nevertheless, most of the energy was released in a complex structure coinciding with the Matalauva duplex located to the SW of the hypocentre. This rupture produced a pulse of NW-SE strong ground motion (normal to the FAM), with its maximum amplitude located to the south-west of the seismic sequence. This explains the directionality effects observed in the distribution of the rock-falls and building damage. The concentration of the worst of the damage on the northern slopes of the Sierra de la Peña Rubia is consistent with this seismotectonic scenario.Depto. de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y PaleontologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasTRUEEspaña. Plan Nacional TECTATGEOTACTICARESCATELOFASEGEOpu

COPD Clinical Control: predictors and long-term follow-up of the CHAIN cohort

CHAIN Study Investigators.[Background] Control in COPD is a dynamic concept that can reflect changes in patients’ clinical status that may have prognostic implications, but there is no information about changes in control status and its long-term consequences.[Methods] We classified 798 patients with COPD from the CHAIN cohort as controlled/uncontrolled at baseline and over 5 years. We describe the changes in control status in patients over long-term follow-up and analyze the factors that were associated with longitudinal control patterns and related survival using the Cox hazard analysis.[Results] 134 patients (16.8%) were considered persistently controlled, 248 (31.1%) persistently uncontrolled and 416 (52.1%) changed control status during follow-up. The variables significantly associated with persistent control were not requiring triple therapy at baseline and having a better quality of life. Annual changes in outcomes (health status, psychological status, airflow limitation) did not differ in patients, regardless of clinical control status. All-cause mortality was lower in persistently controlled patients (5.5% versus 19.1%, p = 0.001). The hazard ratio for all-cause mortality was 2.274 (95% CI 1.394–3.708; p = 0.001). Regarding pharmacological treatment, triple inhaled therapy was the most common option in persistently uncontrolled patients (72.2%). Patients with persistent disease control more frequently used bronchodilators for monotherapy (53%) at recruitment, although by the end of the follow-up period, 20% had scaled up their treatment, with triple therapy being the most frequent therapeutic pattern.[Conclusions] The evaluation of COPD control status provides relevant prognostic information on survival. There is important variability in clinical control status and only a small proportion of the patients had persistently good control. Changes in the treatment pattern may be relevant in the longitudinal pattern of COPD clinical control. Further studies in other populations should validate our results.[Trial registration] Clinical Trials.gov: identifier NCT01122758.This study has been funded by AstraZeneca.Peer reviewe

COPD Clinical Control : predictors and long-term follow-up of the CHAIN cohort

Control in COPD is a dynamic concept that can reflect changes in patients' clinical status that may have prognostic implications, but there is no information about changes in control status and its long-term consequences. We classified 798 patients with COPD from the CHAIN cohort as controlled/uncontrolled at baseline and over 5 years. We describe the changes in control status in patients over long-term follow-up and analyze the factors that were associated with longitudinal control patterns and related survival using the Cox hazard analysis. 134 patients (16.8%) were considered persistently controlled, 248 (31.1%) persistently uncontrolled and 416 (52.1%) changed control status during follow-up. The variables significantly associated with persistent control were not requiring triple therapy at baseline and having a better quality of life. Annual changes in outcomes (health status, psychological status, airflow limitation) did not differ in patients, regardless of clinical control status. All-cause mortality was lower in persistently controlled patients (5.5% versus 19.1%, p = 0.001). The hazard ratio for all-cause mortality was 2.274 (95% CI 1.394-3.708; p = 0.001). Regarding pharmacological treatment, triple inhaled therapy was the most common option in persistently uncontrolled patients (72.2%). Patients with persistent disease control more frequently used bronchodilators for monotherapy (53%) at recruitment, although by the end of the follow-up period, 20% had scaled up their treatment, with triple therapy being the most frequent therapeutic pattern. The evaluation of COPD control status provides relevant prognostic information on survival. There is important variability in clinical control status and only a small proportion of the patients had persistently good control. Changes in the treatment pattern may be relevant in the longitudinal pattern of COPD clinical control. Further studies in other populations should validate our results. Trial registration: Clinical Trials.gov: identifier NCT01122758

STEREOVIDEO Channel: on line short videos to learn the stereographic projection technique in Structural Geology and Engineering Geology

En este trabajo se presenta el canal de vídeos online STEREOVIDEO ubicado en el sitio web YouTube (https://www.youtube.com/user/geostereovideo). Se trata de un canal de vídeos didácticos de corta duración (< 5 min) destinados al aprendizaje del manejo de la técnica de la proyección estereográfica aplicada a la Geología Estructural y a la Ingeniería Geológica. Este tipo de vídeos pretenden reforzar el tradicional método didáctico presencial con la utilización de recursos virtuales. De esta manera se facilita la posibilidad de profundizar en aspectos más conceptuales de cada disciplina una vez dominado el manejo de la herramienta de representación. La presente comunicación muestra las características de los vídeos: desde su propio contenido didáctico, a aspectos más técnicos relacionados con la estructura, grabación y edición de los mismos, en los que se detalla tanto el material audiovisual, como el software utilizado.We present here the online video channel STEREOVIDEO sited on the YouTube website (https://www.youtube.com/user/geostereovideo). STEREOVIDEO is a channel of educational videos of short duration (<5 min) focused on learning the stereographic projection technique applied to Structural Geology and Engineering Geology. This type of videos aims to reinforce the traditional classroom teaching method with the use of virtual resources. Such a reinforcing facilitates the possibility to deepen more conceptual aspects of each discipline once the students dominate the representation tool. This communication shows the characteristics of the videos: from the educational content of each video itself, to more technical aspects related to the structure, record and edition, including the used audiovisual devices, as well as the software.Depto. de Mineralogía y PetrologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasTRUEUniversidad Complutense de Madridpu