9,194 research outputs found
The Media and Teenage Violence: How Much Is Too Much When It Comes to Adolescent Aggression?
With the advent of increasingly accessible technology and the growing prevalence of both fictional and nonfictional violence in the media (American Academy of Pediatrics 2009; American Psychological Association 2013; Emmons 2013; Pew Research Center 2015), the effects of such content on emotional states and behavioral patterns in youths has garnered a great deal of interest among sociologists, psychologists, and developmental experts. However, the results of existing research are inconclusive and often contradictory (APA 2013; Siegel and Welsh 2017:86-87), providing no clear answer to the question of whether or not this content actually affects viewer behavior. I explore the current body of literature examining the relationship between exposure to media violence and its elicitation of aggression and violence in children, adolescents, and young adults before performing my own analysis of data from a previously completed study (Schneider and Waite 1998-2000), specifically analyzing variables that have not yet been examined together. Finally, I suggest directions for future research, discuss relevant limitations, and offer conclusions based on the past and present results
Polarization Observations with the Cosmic Background Imager
We describe polarization observations of the CMBR with the Cosmic Background Imager, a 13 element interferometer which operates in the 26-36 GHz band from Llano de Chajnantour in northern Chile. The array consists of 90-cm Cassegrain antennas mounted on a steerable platform which can be rotated about the optical axis to facilitate polarization observations. The CBI employs single mode circularly polarized receivers which sample multipoles from â„“~400
to â„“~4250. The instrumental polarization of the CBI was calibrated with 3C279, a bright polarized point source
which was monitored with the VLA
The needs and experiences of skin cancer patients: a qualitative systematic review with meta-synthesis
Background: Skin cancer incidence is increasing worldwide. This is an update of a previous review published in 2010 that identified only two studies and found that the needs and experiences of individuals with skin cancer were under-researched.
Objectives: To undertake a qualitative systematic review of the needs and experiences of people with a diagnosis of skin cancer.
Methods: As an update of a previous review, the following databases were searched from 2010 to 30/11/15: CINAHL PsycINFO, MEDLINE and EMBASE. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Qualitative Assessment Review Instrument (QARI). The qualitative research findings were synthesised using a pragmatic meta-aggregative approach.
Results: Fourteen studies (16 papers) were included. Only three studies included keratinocyte carcinoma patients. 15 categories were identified and these resulted in four overarching synthesised findings (SFs) from diagnosis (SF1) through treatment (SF2) and follow up (SF3), and then a fourth SF (SF4) that addressed patients’ satisfaction with their care and their relationship with health professionals.
Conclusions: Despite the fact that keratinocyte carcinoma and melanoma patients can have very different prognosis, they also share similar needs and concerns especially around the time of diagnosis and follow up/surveillance for new lesions. Health professionals working with skin cancer patients need to understand their psychosocial concerns, and their information needs in order to design services appropriately. Future studies need to consider keratinocyte carcinoma patients as well as melanoma patients
A shrinking Compact Symmetric Object: J11584+2450?
We present multi-frequency multi-epoch Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA)
observations of J11584+2450. These observations clearly show this source,
previously classified as a core-jet, to be a compact symmetric object (CSO).
Comparisons between these new data and data taken over the last 9 years shows
the edge brightened hot spots retreating towards the core (and slightly to the
west) at approximately 0.3c. Whether this motion is strictly apparent or
actually physical in nature is discussed, as well as possible explanations, and
what implications a physical contraction of J11584+2450 would have for current
CSO models.Comment: 16 pages, 6 figures, 5 tables. Accepted for publication in Ap
Opportunities in cancer imaging: a review of oesophageal, gastric and colorectal malignancies
The incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) malignancy is increasing worldwide. In particular, there is a concerning rise in incidence of GI cancer in younger adults. Direct endoscopic visualisation of luminal tumour sites requires invasive procedures, which are associated with certain risks, but remain necessary because of limitations in current imaging techniques and the continuing need to obtain tissue for diagnosis and genetic analysis; however, management of GI cancer is increasingly reliant on non-invasive, radiological imaging to diagnose, stage, and treat these malignancies. Oesophageal, gastric, and colorectal malignancies require specialist investigation and treatment due to the complex nature of the anatomy, biology, and subsequent treatment strategies. As cancer imaging techniques develop, many opportunities to improve tumour detection, diagnostic accuracy and treatment monitoring present themselves. This review article aims to report current imaging practice, advances in various radiological modalities in relation to GI luminal tumour sites and describes opportunities for GI radiologists to improve patient outcomes
A Multi-Epoch VLBI Survey of the Kinematics of CJF Sources; Part I: Model-Fit Parameters and Maps
Context: This is the first of a series of papers presenting VLBI observations
of the 293 Caltech-Jodrell Bank Flat-Spectrum (hereafter CJF) sources and their
analysis. Aims: One of the major goals of the CJF is to make a statistical
study of the apparent velocities of the sources. Methods: We have conducted
global VLBI and VLBA observations at 5 GHz since 1990, accumulating thirteen
separate observing campaigns. Results: We present here an overview of the
observations, give details of the data reduction and present the source
parameters resulting from a model-fitting procedure. For every source at every
observing epoch, an image is shown, built up by restoring the model-fitted
components, convolved with the clean beam, into the residual image, which was
made by Fourier transforming the visibility data after first subtracting the
model-fitted components in the uv-plane. Overplotted we show symbols to
represent the model components. Conclusions: We have produced VLBI images of
all but 5 of the 293 sources in the complete CJF sample at several epochs and
investigated the kinematics of 266 AGN.Comment: Figure 1 and Table 2 are only available in electronic form at the CDS
and soon at http://www.mpifr-bonn.mpg.de/staff/sbritzen/cjf.htm
Access to systemic anti-cancer therapies for women with secondary breast cancer-protocol for a mixed methods systematic review.
From Europe PMC via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: ppub 2021-07-01, epub 2021-07-23Publication status: PublishedBackgroundIt is well recognised that access and receipt of appropriate guideline recommended treatment with systemic anti-cancer therapies for secondary breast cancer is a key determinant in overall survival. Where there is disparity in access this may result in unwarranted variation and disparity in outcomes. Individual, clinical and wider contextual factors have been associated with these disparities, however this remains poorly understood for women with secondary breast cancer. The purpose of the review is to examine individual, clinical and contextual factors which influence access to evidence-based systemic anti-cancer therapies for women with secondary breast cancer. This will include barriers and facilitators for access and receipt of treatment and an exploration of women and clinicians experience and perspectives on access.MethodsA mixed methods approach with a segregated design will be used to examine and explore factors which influence access to systemic anti-cancer therapies for women with secondary breast cancer. Electronic databases to be searched from January 2000 onwards will be EBSCO CINAHL Plus, Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, PsychINFO and the Cochrane Library and JBI database. This will include NHS Evidence which will be searched for unpublished studies and gray literature. Title and abstract citations and full-text articles will be screened by the author and second reviewer. Data will be extracted by the author and validated by the second reviewer. An overarching synthesis will be produced which brings together quantitative and qualitative findings. Methodological quality and risk of bias will be assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.DiscussionUnderstanding individual, clinical and wider contextual factors associated with access and receipt of systemic anti-cancer therapies for secondary breast cancer is a complex phenomenon. These will be examined to determine any association with access. Review findings will be used to guide future research in this area and the development of an evidence-based service level intervention designed to address unwarranted variation in access based upon the Medical Research Council (MRC) approach to the development, implementation and evaluation of complex interventions.Systematic review registrationThe review protocol has been registered in PROSPERO CRD42020196490
The COINS Sample - VLBA Identifications of Compact Symmetric Objects
We present results of multifrequency polarimetric VLBA observations of 34
compact radio sources. The observations are part of a large survey undertaken
to identify CSOs Observed in the Northern Sky (COINS). Compact Symmetric
Objects (CSOs) are of particular interest in the study of the physics and
evolution of active galaxies. Based on VLBI continuum surveys of ~2000 compact
radio sources, we have defined a sample of 52 CSOs and CSO candidates. In this
paper, we identify 18 previously known CSOs, and introduce 33 new CSO
candidates. We present continuum images at several frequencies and, where
possible, images of the polarized flux density and spectral index distributions
for the 33 new candidates and one previously known but unconfirmed source. We
find evidence to support the inclusion of 10 of these condidates into the class
of CSOs. Thirteen candidates, including the previously unconfirmed source, have
been ruled out. Eleven sources require further investigation. The addition of
the 10 new confirmed CSOs increases the size of this class of objects by 50%.Comment: 24 pages, incl 8 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ. Figure
quality degraded in the interests of space, full gzipped PS version also
available at http://www.ee.nmt.edu/~apeck/papers
The properties of the gamma-ray blazars in the CJ-F VLBI sample
We present first results from the analysis of multi-epoch VLBI observations of the EGRET detected sources [9] in the CJ-F sample (Caltech Jodrell-Flat-spectrum, [10]). These objects form a subsample of 14 sources within the 293 AGN of the full CJ-F sample. 5 GHz VLBI snapshot observations of the CJ-F sources are continuously being performed in order to create a valid database for thorough statistical tests of pc-scale jet motion in AGN. All gamma-bright CJ-F AGN have been observed at least twice with the VLBA, which enables us to investigate jet component motions and paths. In particular, we concentrate on the analysis of those properties supposed to be essential for gamma-ray production, i.e., superluminal motion and bending. A paper discussing the possible relation between morphological changes and gamma-ray flaring/production is in preparation
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