Relative effect of urinary calcium and oxalate on saturation of calcium oxalate Rapid Communication

Relative effect of urinary calcium and oxalate on saturation of calcium oxalate.BackgroundThe study compared the effect of urinary calcium with that of oxalate on urinary saturation [relative saturation ratio (RSR)] of calcium oxalate.MethodsA retrospective data analysis was conducted on urinary stone risk analysis from 667 patients with predominantly calcium oxalate stones. Urinary RSR of calcium oxalate was individually calculated using Equil 2. A “theoretical” curve of the relationship between urinary RSR of calcium oxalate and concentration of calcium or oxalate was obtained at two stability constants for calcium oxalate complex, while varying calcium or oxalate and using group mean values for urinary constituents.ResultsAt the stability constant of 7.07 × 103, the increase in RSR of calcium oxalate was less marked with calcium than with oxalate. However, at the stability constant of 2.746 × 103 from the Equil 2 that is considered the “gold standard,” calcium and oxalate were equally effective in increasing RSR of calcium oxalate. The above theoretical curves (relating RSR with calcium or oxalate) were closely approximated by the actual curves constructed with data from individual urine samples. Urinary saturation of calcium oxalate was equally dependent on urinary concentrations of calcium and oxalate (r = 0.75 unadjusted and 0.57 adjusted for variables, and P < 0.0001 for calcium; r = 0.73 unadjusted and 0.60 adjusted, P <0.0001 for oxalate).ConclusionAmong calcium oxalate stone-formers, urinary calcium is equally effective as urinary oxalate in increasing RSR of calcium oxalate

1935 The Freshman, vol. 2, no. 13

The Freshman was a weekly, student newsletter issued on Mondays throughout the academic year. The newsletter included calendar notices, coverage of campus social events, lectures, and athletic teams. The intent of the publication was to create unity, a sense of community, and class spirit among first year students. The front page of issue 13 is dedicated in memoriam of Emile J. Dawson (1910-1932), who died from a cerebral hemorrhage after he struck his head on a concrete floor at the Armory, knocked down by his opponent in an intramural boxing tournament

1935 The Freshman, vol. 2, no. 11

The Freshman was a weekly, student newsletter issued on Mondays throughout the academic year. The newsletter included calendar notices, coverage of campus social events, lectures, and athletic teams. The intent of the publication was to create unity, a sense of community, and class spirit among first year students

1935 The Freshman, vol. 2, no. 14

The Freshman was a weekly, student newsletter issued on Mondays throughout the academic year. The newsletter included calendar notices, coverage of campus social events, lectures, and athletic teams. The intent of the publication was to create unity, a sense of community, and class spirit among first year students

1935 The Freshman, vol. 2, no. 18

The Freshman was a weekly, student newsletter issued on Mondays throughout the academic year. The newsletter included calendar notices, coverage of campus social events, lectures, and athletic teams. The intent of the publication was to create unity, a sense of community, and class spirit among first year students. Included in this issue is an article about forming a Glee Club and genres of music selected based on the gender of participants

1935 The Freshman, vol. 2, no. 17

The Freshman was a weekly, student newsletter issued on Mondays throughout the academic year. The newsletter included calendar notices, coverage of campus social events, lectures, and athletic teams. The intent of the publication was to create unity, a sense of community, and class spirit among first year students. This issue includes a story of the kidnapping of Stanwood Searles, president of the sophomore class, by members of the freshmen class as part of an annual interclass competition between first and second year students on campus

1935 The Freshman, vol. 2, no. 16

The Freshman was a weekly, student newsletter issued on Mondays throughout the academic year. The newsletter included calendar notices, coverage of campus social events, lectures, and athletic teams. The intent of the publication was to create unity, a sense of community, and class spirit among first year students. Included in this issue is discussion of littering on campus