135 research outputs found
Orbital Parameter Determination for Wide Stellar Binary Systems in the Age of Gaia
The orbits of binary stars and planets, particularly eccentricities and
inclinations, encode the angular momentum within these systems. Within stellar
multiple systems, the magnitude and (mis)alignment of angular momentum vectors
among stars, disks, and planets probes the complex dynamical processes guiding
their formation and evolution. The accuracy of the \textit{Gaia} catalog can be
exploited to enable comparison of binary orbits with known planet or disk
inclinations without costly long-term astrometric campaigns. We show that
\textit{Gaia} astrometry can place meaningful limits on orbital elements in
cases with reliable astrometry, and discuss metrics for assessing the
reliability of \textit{Gaia} DR2 solutions for orbit fitting. We demonstrate
our method by determining orbital elements for three systems (DS Tuc AB, GK/GI
Tau, and Kepler-25/KOI-1803) using \textit{Gaia} astrometry alone. We show that
DS Tuc AB's orbit is nearly aligned with the orbit of DS Tuc Ab, GK/GI Tau's
orbit might be misaligned with their respective protoplanetary disks, and the
Kepler-25/KOI-1803 orbit is not aligned with either component's transiting
planetary system. We also demonstrate cases where \textit{Gaia} astrometry
alone fails to provide useful constraints on orbital elements. To enable
broader application of this technique, we introduce the python tool
\texttt{lofti\_gaiaDR2} to allow users to easily determine orbital element
posteriors.Comment: 18 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in Ap
Boyajian's Star B::The co-moving stellar companion to KIC 8462852 A
The light curve of KIC 8462852, a.k.a Boyajian's Star, undergoes deep dips
the origin of which remains unclear. A faint star 2\arcsec to the east
was discovered in Keck/NIRC2 imaging in Boyajian et al. (2016), but its status
as a binary, and possible contribution to the observed variability, was
unclear. Here, we use three epochs of Keck/NIRC2 imaging, spanning five years,
in JHK near-infrared bands to obtain 1-mas precision astrometry. We show that
the two objects exhibit common proper motion, measure a relative velocity of
mas yr ( km s) and conclude
that they are a binary pair at AU projected separation. There is
marginal detection of possible orbital motion, but our astrometry is
insufficient to characterize the orbit. We show that two other point sources
are not associated with KIC 8462852. We recommend that attempts to model KIC
8462852 A's light curve should revisit the possibility that the bound stellar
companion may play a role in causing the irregular brightness variations, for
example through disruption of the orbits of bodies around the primary due to
long-term orbital evolution of the binary orbit.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables Accepted for publication in Ap
A Core Outcome Set for Preventive Intervention Trials in Chronic and Episodic Migraine (COSMIG):an international, consensus-derived and multistakeholder initiative
Objective Typically, migraine prevention trials focus on reducing migraine days. This narrow focus may not capture all that is important to people with migraine. Inconsistency in outcome selection across trials limits the potential for data pooling and evidence synthesis. In response, we describe the development of core outcome set for migraine (COSMIG).
Design A two-stage approach sought to achieve international, multistakeholder consensus on both the core domain set and core measurement set. Following construction of a comprehensive list of outcomes, expert panellists (patients, healthcare professionals and researchers) completed a three-round electronic-Delphi study to support a reduction and prioritisation of core domains and outcomes. Participants in a consensus meeting finalised the core domains and methods of assessment. All stages were overseen by an international core team, including patient research partners.
Results There was a good representation of patients (episodic migraine (n=34) and chronic migraine (n=42)) and healthcare professionals (n=33) with high response and retention rates. The initial list of domains and outcomes was reduced from >50 to 7 core domains for consideration in the consensus meeting, during which a 2-domain core outcome set was agreed.
Conclusion International and multistakeholder consensus emerged to describe a two-domain core outcome set for reporting research on preventive interventions for chronic and episodic migraine: migraine-specific pain and migraine-specific quality of life. Intensity of migraine pain assessed with an 11-point Numerical Rating Scale and the frequency as the number of headache/migraine days over a specified time period. Migraine-specific quality of life assessed using the Migraine Functional Impact Questionnaire
Core outcome set for preventive intervention trials in chronic and episodic migraine (COSMIG): an international, consensus-derived and multistakeholder initiative
OBJECTIVE: Typically, migraine prevention trials focus on reducing migraine days. This narrow focus may not capture all that is important to people with migraine. Inconsistency in outcome selection across trials limits the potential for data pooling and evidence synthesis. In response, we describe the development of core outcome set for migraine (COSMIG). DESIGN: A two-stage approach sought to achieve international, multistakeholder consensus on both the core domain set and core measurement set. Following construction of a comprehensive list of outcomes, expert panellists (patients, healthcare professionals and researchers) completed a three-round electronic-Delphi study to support a reduction and prioritisation of core domains and outcomes. Participants in a consensus meeting finalised the core domains and methods of assessment. All stages were overseen by an international core team, including patient research partners. RESULTS: There was a good representation of patients (episodic migraine (n=34) and chronic migraine (n=42)) and healthcare professionals (n=33) with high response and retention rates. The initial list of domains and outcomes was reduced from >50 to 7 core domains for consideration in the consensus meeting, during which a 2-domain core outcome set was agreed. CONCLUSION: International and multistakeholder consensus emerged to describe a two-domain core outcome set for reporting research on preventive interventions for chronic and episodic migraine: migraine-specific pain and migraine-specific quality of life. Intensity of migraine pain assessed with an 11-point Numerical Rating Scale and the frequency as the number of headache/migraine days over a specified time period. Migraine-specific quality of life assessed using the Migraine Functional Impact Questionnaire
Improved companion mass limits for Sirius A with thermal infrared coronagraphy using a vector-apodizing phase plate and time-domain starlight-subtraction techniques
We use observations with the infrared-optimized MagAO system and Clio camera
in 3.9 m light to place stringent mass constraints on possible undetected
companions to Sirius A. We suppress the light from Sirius A by imaging it
through a grating vector-apodizing phase plate coronagraph with 180-degree dark
region (gvAPP-180). To remove residual starlight in post-processing, we apply a
time-domain principal-components-analysis-based algorithm we call PCA-Temporal
(PCAT), which uses eigen-time-series rather than eigen-images to subtract
starlight. By casting the problem in terms of eigen-time-series, we reduce the
computational cost of post-processing the data, enabling the use of the fully
sampled dataset for improved contrast at small separations. We also discuss the
impact of retaining fine temporal sampling of the data on final contrast
limits. We achieve post-processed contrast limits of to
outside of 0.75 arcsec which correspond to planet masses
of 2.6 to 8.0 . These are combined with values from the recent literature
of high-contrast imaging observations of Sirius to synthesize an overall
completeness fraction as a function of mass and separation. After synthesizing
these recent studies and our results, the final completeness analysis rules out
99% of planets from 2.5-7 AU.Comment: 19 pages, 22 figures, accepted to A
HIP 67506 C: MagAO-X Confirmation of a New Low-Mass Stellar Companion to HIP 67506 A
We report the confirmation of HIP 67506 C, a new stellar companion to HIP
67506 A. We previously reported a candidate signal at 2/D (240~mas) in
L in MagAO/Clio imaging using the binary differential imaging
technique. Several additional indirect signals showed that the candidate signal
merited follow-up: significant astrometric acceleration in Gaia DR3,
Hipparcos-Gaia proper motion anomaly, and overluminosity compared to single
main sequence stars. We confirmed the companion, HIP 67506 C, at 0.1" with
MagAO-X in April, 2022. We characterized HIP 67506 C MagAO-X photometry and
astrometry, and estimated spectral type K7-M2; we also re-evaluated HIP 67506 A
in light of the close companion. Additionally we show that a previously
identified 9" companion, HIP 67506 B, is a much further distant unassociated
background star. We also discuss the utility of indirect signposts in
identifying small inner working angle candidate companions.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables, accepted to MNRA
<i>TESS</i> Spots a Compact System of Super-Earths around the Naked-eye Star HR 858
Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) observations have revealed a compact multiplanet system around the sixth-magnitude star HR 858 (TIC 178155732, TOI 396), located 32 pc away. Three planets, each about twice the size of Earth, transit this slightly evolved, late F-type star, which is also a member of a visual binary. Two of the planets may be in mean motion resonance. We analyze the TESS observations, using novel methods to model and remove instrumental systematic errors, and combine these data with follow-up observations taken from a suite of ground-based telescopes to characterize the planetary system. The HR 858 planets are enticing targets for precise radial velocity observations, secondary eclipse spectroscopy, and measurements of the Rossiter–McLaughlin effect
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