192 research outputs found
Variability in glutenin subunit composition of Mediterranean durum wheat germplasm and its relationship with gluten strength
The allelic composition at five glutenin loci was assessed by one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulphate
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1D SDSâPAGE) on a set of 155 landraces (from 21 Mediterranean countries)
and 18 representative modern varieties. Gluten strength was determined by SDS-sedimentation on samples grown
under rainfed conditions during 3 years in north-eastern Spain. One hundred and fourteen alleles/banding patterns
were identified (25 at Glu-1 and 89 at Glu-2/Glu-3 loci); 0·85 of them were in landraces at very low frequency and
0·72 were unreported. Genetic diversity index was 0·71 for landraces and 0·38 for modern varieties. All modern
varieties exhibited medium to strong gluten type with none of their 13 banding patterns having a significant effect
on gluten-strength type. Ten banding patterns significantly affected gluten strength in landraces. Alleles Glu-B1e
(band 20), Glu-A3a (band 6), Glu-A3d (bands 6+11), Glu-B3a (bands 2+4+15+19) and Glu-B2a (band 12)
significantly increased the SDS-value, and their effects were associated with their frequency. Two alleles, Glu-A3b
(band 5) and Glu-B2b (null), significantly reduced gluten strength, but only the effect of the latter locus could be
associated with its frequency. Only three rare banding patterns affected gluten strength significantly: Glu-B1a
(band 7), found in six landraces, had a negative effect, whereas banding patterns 2+4+14+15+18 and
2+4+15+18+19 at Glu-B3 had a positive effect. Landraces with outstanding gluten strength were more frequent
in eastern than in western Mediterranean countries. The geographical pattern displayed from the frequencies of
Glu-A1c is discussed.R. Nazco was recipient of a Ph.D. grant from the
Comissionat per Universitats i InvestigaciĂł del
Departament dâInnovaciĂł, Universitats i Empresa of
the Generalitat of Catalonia and the Fondo Social
Europeo. This study was partially funded by CICYT
under projects AGL2006-09226-C02-01, AGL2009-
11187 and AGL2012-37217 and was developed
within the framework of the agreement between INIA
Spain and CIMMYT. The Centre UdL-IRTA is part
of the Centre CONSOLIDER INGENIO 2010 on
Agrigenomics funded by the Spanish Ministry of
Education and Science. CRF, ICARDA and USDA
Germplasm Bank are acknowledged for providing
accessions for the present study.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Material-based Design Computation An Inquiry into Digital Simulation of Physical Material Properties as Design Generators
Transference Principles for Log-Sobolev and Spectral-Gap with Applications to Conservative Spin Systems
We obtain new principles for transferring log-Sobolev and Spectral-Gap
inequalities from a source metric-measure space to a target one, when the
curvature of the target space is bounded from below. As our main application,
we obtain explicit estimates for the log-Sobolev and Spectral-Gap constants of
various conservative spin system models, consisting of non-interacting and
weakly-interacting particles, constrained to conserve the mean-spin. When the
self-interaction is a perturbation of a strongly convex potential, this
partially recovers and partially extends previous results of Caputo,
Chafa\"{\i}, Grunewald, Landim, Lu, Menz, Otto, Panizo, Villani, Westdickenberg
and Yau. When the self-interaction is only assumed to be (non-strongly) convex,
as in the case of the two-sided exponential measure, we obtain sharp estimates
on the system's spectral-gap as a function of the mean-spin, independently of
the size of the system.Comment: 57 page
Airway tapering: an objective image biomarker for bronchiectasis
Purpose: To estimate airway tapering in control subjects and to assess the usability of tapering as a bronchiectasis biomarker in paediatric populations. Methods: Airway tapering values were semi-automatically quantified in 156 children with control CTs collected in the Normal Chest CT Study Group. Airway tapering as a biomarker for bronchiectasis was assessed on spirometer-guided inspiratory CTs from 12 patients with bronchiectasis and 12 age- and sex-matched controls. Semi-automatic image analysis software was used to quantify intra-branch tapering (reduction in airway diameter along the branch), inter-branch tapering (reduction in airway diameter before and after bifurcation) and airway-artery ratios on chest CTs. Biomarkers were further stratified in small, medium and large airways based on three equal groups of the accompanying vessel size. Results: Control subjects showed intra-branch tapering of 1% and inter-branch tapering of 24â39%. Subjects with bronchiectasis showed significantly reduced intra-branch of 0.8% and inter-branch tapering of 19â32% and increased airwayâartery ratios compared with controls (p < 0.01). Tapering measurements were significantly different between diseased and controls across all airway sizes. Difference in airwayâartery ratio was only significant in small airways. Conclusion: Paediatric normal values for airway tapering were established in control subjects. Tapering showed to be a promising biomarker for bronchiectasis as subjects with bronchiectasis show significantly less airway tapering across all airway sizes compared with controls. Detecting les
ProteĂnas del gluten y reologĂa de trigos harineros mexicanos influeciados por factores ambientales y genotĂpicos
HIV-1 Infection in Cyprus, the Eastern Mediterranean European Frontier: A Densely Sampled Transmission Dynamics Analysis from 1986 to 2012
Since HIV-1 treatment is increasingly considered an effective preventionstrategy, it is important to study local HIV-1 epidemics to formulate tailored preventionpolicies. The prevalence of HIV-1 in Cyprus was historically low until 2005. To investigatethe shift in epidemiological trends, we studied the transmission dynamics of HIV-1 in Cyprususing a densely sampled Cypriot HIV-1 transmission cohort that included 85 percent ofHIV-1-infected individuals linked to clinical care between 1986 and 2012 based on detailedclinical, epidemiological, behavioral and HIV-1 genetic information. Subtyping andtransmission cluster reconstruction were performed using maximum likelihood and Bayesianmethods, and the transmission chain network was linked to the clinical, epidemiological andbehavioral data. The results reveal that for the main HIV-1 subtype A1 and B sub-epidemics,young and drug-naĂŻve HIV-1-infected individuals in Cyprus are driving the dynamics of thelocal HIV-1 epidemic. The results of this study provide a better understanding of thedynamics of the HIV-1 infection in Cyprus, which may impact the development of preventionstrategies. Furthermore, this methodology for analyzing densely sampled transmissiondynamics is applicable to other geographic regions to implement effective HIV-1 preventionstrategies in local settings
Reproductive biology of Synallaxis albescens (Aves: Furnariidae) in the cerrado of central Brazil
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