Pre-operative rectal indomethacin for reduction of postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a double-blind randomized clinical trial

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of pre-operative indomethacin suppository on postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. STUDY DESIGN: A double blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Tehran, Iran, from February 2010 to September 2012. METHODOLOGY: One hundred and thirty patients, scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy, were randomly divided into case and control groups. Sixty-five patients received indomethacin suppository and 70 patients received rectal placebo in the case and control groups respectively. All patients underwent the same protocol in laparoscopic surgery and anesthesia, then nausea and vomiting was recorded after 1, 6, 12 and 24 hours postoperatively and compared between the two groups. Independent-sample t test or Mann-Whitney tests were used for statistical analysis. Level of statistical significance was set at P ² 0.05. RESULTS: Patients' nausea was statistically lower in the case group at the 1st hour (43.1 vs. 92.9), 6th hour (20.0 vs. 68.6) and 12th hour (7.7 vs. 24.3) after surgery (for all periods, P < 0.001). Fewer patients in the case group experienced vomiting at the first (13.8 vs. 51.4) and 6th hour (0 vs. 20) after surgery (for both P < 0.001). The use of pethidine was also statistically less in the case group in the same hours after surgery (for all of them, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Rectal indomethacin before laparoscopic cholecystectomy led to lower postoperative nausea and vomiting

The effect of gabapentin on reducing pain after laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery in patients with morbid obesity: A randomized clinical trial

Background: Pain after laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery (LGBP) is a major problem. Gabapentin is an anticonvulsant drug that can be efective in postoperative pain control. Objectives: This study examined the efect of preoperative administration of gabapentin on reducing pain after LGBP in patients with morbid obesity. Patients and Methods: This randomized clinical trial was performed in Hazrat Rasoul Akram Medical Center in Tehran. A total of 60 patients undergoing LGBP were randomly allocated into two groups; one group received 100 mg of oral gabapentin and the other group received placebo. Pain was evaluated at recovery time, and at the first, second, fourth and sixth hour of surgery by visual analog scale. The number and dose of opioid use after surgery and incidence of postoperative complications, such as nausea and vomiting, agitation, and headache, were also recorded. Results: The mean pain score in the group receiving gabapentin was significantly lower than the placebo group (P < 0.001). Indications and dose of opioid consumption between the two groups were not statistically significant. Incidence of nausea/vomiting (P = 0.028) as well as agitation (P = 0.037) was significantly lower in the gabapentin group. Conclusions: Administration of gabapentin before surgery can reduce pain after LGBP. Furthermore, it is not accompanied by significant short-term adverse effects. � 2015, Iranian Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (ISRAPM)

Functional Abdominal Pain Syndrome in Morbidly Obese Patients Following Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass Surgery

Background: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGBP) is one of the most common bariatric surgeries, which is being performed using various techniques like gastrojejunostomy by hand swen, linear or circular stapler. Abdominal pain is a common complaint following laparoscopic gastric bypass procedure (LGBP), which has different aetiologies, such as overeating, adhesion, internal herniation, bile reflux and many more. In this study LGBP was performed in an ante-colic ante-gastric pattern in a double loop manner and the prevalence and distribution of pain in morbidly obese patients undergoing LGBP was assessed. Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution and frequency of post LGBP pain in morbidly obese patients. Patients and Methods: This study was performed on 190 morbidly obese patients referred to Hazrat Rasoul Hospital in Tehran. After LGBP, pain was measured in the following intervals: 24 hours, one week and one month after the operation. Before the operation onset, 2 mg Keflin and 5000 IU subcutaneous heparin were administered as prophylaxis. LGBP was performed using five ports including: one 11 mm port was placed 15-20 cm far from the xiphoid, one 12-mm port in mid-clavicular line at the level of camera port, one 5-mm port in subcostal area in ante-axillary region in the left, another 5-mm port in the right mid-clavicular area and a 5-mm port in sub-xyphoid. All operations were done by the same team. Staple was used for all anastomoses and hand sewn technique to close the staple insertion site. The mesenteric defect was left open and no effort was made to repair it. Results: The results of this study showed that 99.94 % of the patients had complains of pain in the first 24 hours of post operation, about 60% after one week and 29.5 % still had pain after one month. In addition, left upper quadrant (LUQ) was found to be the most prevalent site for the pain in 53.7% of the patients in the first 24 hours, 59.6% after one week and 16.8% after one month (except for obscure pain) with a significance of < 0.05. Conclusions: In this study, the authors analyzed the location and disturbance level of pain after LGBP, which could serve as a cornerstone for further researches. The authors suggest that long-term follow-up (for more than a year after operation) should be considered in future studies and also the relationship between the drainage site and pain should be investigated

Relationship between sperm parameters and intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcome

Objectives: With the adventure of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) technique, great progresses have developed in the treatment of infertility. Concentration on the properties of male's gamete has been encouraged by the increasing concerns about the causes of ICSI failure. We hence conducted this study to investigate the probable association of sperm parameters with ISCI outcome. Methods: A total of 523 couples referred to Isfahan Fertility and Sterility Center from January 2007 to June 2008 for ICSI. Semen analysis was performed before ICSI procedure according to the WHO criteria. Patients were assigned into successful ICSI (case) and failed ICSI (control) groups. Sperm parameters were then compared between the 2 groups. Results: One hundred and six patients (20) had successful ICSI results (case group) compared with 417 couples (80) with undesirable ICSI outcomes (control group). Among evaluated factors, sperm agglutination (p = 0.007), sperm concentration (p = 0.043), leukocytospermia (p = 0.026) and head abnormality of sperm (p = 0.019) showed statistically significant differences between two groups with differing ICSI results. None of the other semen parameters revealed significant differences between these two groups. Conclusion: Our study showed that some sperm parameters are associated with desirable ICSI outcome. However, it is unclear whether these associations are causal. © 2015 The Authors

Minimally invasive surgical interventions in the treatment of primary persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy

Hyperinsulinemia, diagnosed by laboratory tests, should be diagnosed and treated as soon as possible to prevent fatal complications such as neurological damage. Patients who are resistant to medical therapy should be treated surgically. Minimally invasive surgery, a newly developed approach, is a good choice among surgical procedures to avoid unnecessary extensive pancreatectomy. Here, a 12-year-old boy is presented with diagnosis of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia who had recurrent attacks of hypoglycemia and seizures from infancy. Because of his unresponsiveness to medical therapy and his family�s preference, he underwent laparoscopic pancreatectomy to reduce morbidity and hospital stay. Two years postsurgical follow-up revealed a normo-glycemic state. © 2015, Sociedade Brasileira de Endocrinologia e Metabologia. All rights reserved

CHRONO: a parallel multi-physics library for rigid-body, flexible-body, and fluid dynamics

Abstract. The last decade witnessed a manifest shift in the microprocessor industry towards chip designs that promote parallel computing. Until recently the privilege of a select group of large research centers, Teraflop computing is becoming a commodity owing to inexpensive GPU cards and multi to many-core x86 processors. This paradigm shift towards large scale parallel computing has been leveraged in CHRONO, a freely available C++ multi-physics simulation package. CHRONO is made up of a collection of loosely coupled components that facilitate different aspects of multi-physics modeling, simulation, and visualization. This contribution provides an overview of CHRONO::Engine, CHRONO::Flex, CHRONO::Fluid, and CHRONO::Render, which are modules that can capitalize on the processing power of hundreds of parallel processors. Problems that can be tackled in CHRONO include but are not limited to granular material dynamics, tangled large flexible structures with self contact, particulate flows, and tracked vehicle mobility. The paper presents an overview of each of these modules and illustrates through several examples the potential of this multi-physics library

A case of stapled resection of redundant diaphragm and early evisceration of gastrointestinal content

Diaphragm paralysis has been observed following cervical spinal cord and diaphragm injuries. Patients with diaphragm paralysis require plication of the diaphragm if significant pulmonary dysfunction occurs. We aimed to report the unsuccessful stapling technique in the correction of diaphragm paralysis. We report a 49-year-old man with unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis, who underwent laparoscopic resection of the diaphragm using staplers. He then underwent thoracotomy with mesh reinforcement due to the unsuccessful initial procedure. Based on our report, using a stapler can result in failure of surgical resection of the diaphragm. Further studies need to be performed to investigate the efficacy and safety of stapling in diaphragm resection. © Termedia Publishing House Ltd. 2019. All Rights Reserved

Short-term outcomes of the conversion of one anastomosis gastric bypass to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in symptomatic reflux patients without revising the size of the gastric pouch

Background: Revising the size of the gastric pouch during the conversion of one anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB)/mini-gastric bypass to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is an important point. Even in patients undergoing RYGB, marginal ulcer is regarded as a known complication. Materials and Methods: In our Centre of Excellence in Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, 2492 patients underwent OAGB from February 2012 to January 2019. Twelve of 2492 patients were enrolled in this clinical case series because of persistent gastroesophageal reflux-like symptoms which underwent conversional RYGB. All patients regularly received proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) for 6 months after the surgery. After this period, the cases with symptomatic reflux were invited to be visited in the clinic by a bariatric surgeon and a gastroenterologist and received 6 months of PPI therapy until their symptoms disappeared. Twelve refractory reflux cases underwent conversional RYGB after 1 year. An enteroenterostomy was created in all the patients 75 cm distal to the gastrojejunostomy without resizing the gastric pouch, and the jejunal loop was cut just before the gastrojejunostomy. Results: Before conversional surgery, mean ± standard deviation (SD) body mass index (BMI) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)-Q score were found to be 26.45 ± 2.34 kg/m2and 10.08 ± 0.56, respectively. At 1 year after conversion, mean ± SD BMI in the patients was 28.12 ± 4.71, and GERD-Q score was 5.08 ± 1.5. Conclusion: It seems that resizing the gastric pouch is not necessary during the conversion of OAGB to RYGB. © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved

Correction to: Trend of Changes in Serum Albumin and Its Relation with Sex, Age, and BMI Following Laparoscopic Mini-gastric Bypass Surgery in Morbid Obese Cases (Obesity Surgery, (2018), 28, 3, (671-680), 10.1007/s11695-017-2912-2)

Due to a production error the bottom portion of Fig. 3 was missing in the version of this article originally published online.The corrected version of the article has now been published. The corrected version of the figure follows. (Figure presented.). © 2017, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

Assessing the percent of necrosis after neoadjuvant chemotherapy with 24hr infusional cisplatin/3 days doxorubicin intermittent with ifosfamide-doxorubicin for osteosarcoma

Introduction: osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone tumor in children and young adults and appropriate chemotherapy can increase limb sparing and overall survival. Yet, the toxicity of chemotherapy regimens including MTX can be life threatening. Therefore; we tried another chemotherapy regimen for these patients. Method and materials: we investigated 15 patients aged 15 to 40 years old and used continuous infusion of cisplatin, doxorubicin intermittently with ifosfamide, doxorubicin as neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Percent of necrosis and toxicities was recorded for each patient. Results: Out of 15 patients investigated, 13 were males and 2 females. Tumor necrosis≥ 90% (defined as good necrosis) was observed in 60% of patients. 26.7% of the patients showed leucopenia grade three or four, 26.7% had anemia grade three or four, and 20% showed thrombocytopenia grade three or four. Conclusion: The above chemotherapy regimen can cause as good necrosis as the chemotherapy regimens including high dose of MTX with reduced toxicity and less nursing cares and laboratory tests. Of course small sample size limits extension of our result to all patients but trying this regimen is recommended in more patients to see more reliable results