Pain and efficiency in neonatal blood sample screenings, New devices for reducing pain and improving blood sample quality

International audienceNeonatal blood sample screening is recognised as a difficult gesture and painful to the newborns. The number of detected diseases is still relatively low and depends on the country where it is performed. There is a real need for new techniques that reduce pain, facilitate the blood sampling, increase the quantity of sampled blood and improve the collection of blood of the cardboard blotter actually used. In this paper, we present systems that are currently developed in Besançon (France) in collaboration between the FEMTO-ST Institute and the University Hospital. They mainly concern micro-needles arrays and pressure free blood sampling devices. The choice of these systems has been dictated by a study of the pain that newborns feel during the gesture. The ulterior motive of this work is to improve neonatal blood sample screenings and therefore, to increase the number of screened diseases and try to generalise this technique to places where it is not yet done

Biological Qualification of Oocyte Maturity with the Use of the Karhunen-Loeve Transform: Computer-aided Decision for Selecting Best Oocytes Before Fertilization

International audienceThe estimation of the a priori maturity degree of oocytes before fertilizing is a critical step in In Vitro Fertilization (IVF). This kind of analysis is currently done by the practitioner with a visual microscope inspection and is therefore subjective. In this paper, we propose the use of an image processing called Karhunen-Loeve Transform (KLT). The KLT exploits the covariance matrix and its eigenvectors for obtaining a representation of information in several images. We show that the KLT permits the determination of the oocyte maturity by examining the KL images and more precisely the eigenvalues of each. The KLT could thus be a useful tool for IVF and we intend to develop a dedicated server for all French IVF centers as a computer aided decision for fertilization

Local ice cryotherapy decreases synovial interleukin 6, interleukin 1β, vascular endothelial growth factor, prostaglandin-E2, and nuclear factor kappa B p65 in human knee arthritis: a controlled study

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Escherichia coli producteurde bêta-lactamase à spectre étendu : quelle est la part d'acquisition hospitalière ?

International audienceFace à l'augmentation de l'incidence des infections nosocomiales à E. coli producteur de bêta-lactamase à spectre étendu (BLSE), notre objectif était d'identifier les cas possibles d'acquisition hospitalière des souches de E. coli BLSE durant une période de neuf mois dans notre centre hospitalier universitaire. L'étude reposait sur l'analyse de la distribution spatio-temporelle des cas, le typage moléculaire des souches et l'identification des gènes de résistance BLSE. Enfin une analyse cas/témoins devait permettre d'identifier les facteurs statistiquement associés aux cas. Sur un total de 64 cas d'infections à E. coli BLSE durant une période de neuf mois, le typage moléculaire a montré un total de 51 clones isolés chez un seul patient parmi les 61 souches typables. Seuls trois cas possibles pour un total de sept patients pouvaient relever d'une transmission croisée intra-hospitalière. Au total, la diversité clonale des souches des sept patients et la diversité des BLSE impliquées écartaient formellement cette hypothèse pour cinq de ces sept patients. Un seul cas de transmission croisée de gène de résistance était possible. L'étude cas/témoin a montré que seul un score de Charlson élevé était significativement associé à l'acquisition d'une colonisation/infection à E. coli à BLSE. Au total, au vu de nos résultats, il apparaît peu faisable d'établir une stratégie de dépistage ciblé alors qu'une stratégie de dépistage à grande échelle aurait un rapport coût/bénéfice très discutable

SAT0626 Local Cryotherapy (Pulsed CO2 or Ice) Decreases Il-6, IL-1β and VEGF Synovial Levels in Knee Arthritis

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[Chronic wound care leads to the bacterial contamination of the environment].

International audienceAIM: The aim of this study was to determine levels of bacterial contamination of the environment during chronic wound dressing changes. METHODS: Sampling of chronic wounds and of the environment (air and surfaces) was performed during changing of chronic wound dressing. A series of samples was defined as the entire sample for a given day for a given patient. Five sequential samples of air and six samples of surfaces were taken for each series. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and enterobacteria were specifically cultured. RESULTS: Thirty series of samples were taken for 26 different patients. Twenty-seven out of these 30 series were colonized with one or two of the target species. For 13 series of the latter samples (13/27, 48.1%), bacteria isolated from the wound were recovered in the environment, namely S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. The six enterobacteria isolated from wounds were not retrieved in the environment. Air samples were more often positive than surfaces samples. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated frequent contamination of the hospital environment with bacteria colonizing wounds during dressing changes. This indicates that wearing of masks and hand disinfection after contact with the environment constitute key measures in the control of bacterial cross-transmission