Efeito da idade da matriz sobre o desempenho e rendimento de carcaça de frangos de corte Effect of broiler breeder age on performance and carcass yield of broiler chickens

Avaliou-se efeito da idade da matriz sobre as características de desempenho, rendimento de carcaça e partes de frangos de corte, criados até 49 dias de idade. Foram utilizados 3600 pintos de um dia, oriundos de ovos de matrizes da linhagem Ross 308, distribuídos segundo um delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 5×2, com cinco idades de matrizes (29, 41, 58, 68 e 98 semanas) e dois sexos, com quatro repetições de 90 aves cada. Aos 21, 28, 35, 42 e 49 dias de idade, cinco frangos por parcela foram amostrados e abatidos após jejum alimentar de oito horas, para avaliação do rendimento de carcaça e partes. A idade da matriz influenciou (P0,05) o rendimento de carcaça nas idades avaliadas. Os frangos oriundos de matrizes com 29 semanas apresentaram melhor rendimento de peito que aqueles de matrizes com 58 semanas. O sexo influenciou (PThe effect of broiler breeder age on performance and carcass yield of chickens reared until 49 days of age was evaluated. Three thousand and six hundred day-old chicks, from Ross x Ross breeder flocks, were assigned to a completely randomized design, in a 5×2 factorial (five broiler breeder ages - 29, 41, 58, 68 and 98 weeks and two sexes) with four replicates of 90 birds each. At 21, 28, 35, 42 and 49 days of age, 5 birds per pen were randomly sampled and processed after a period of 8 hours of feed withdrawal to evaluate carcass and parts yield. Breeder age affected (P.05) by breeder age, but broilers from breeders aging 29 weeks showed larger breast yield than broilers originated from breeders with 58 weeks. No differences (P>.05) were observed for other breeder ages. Sex of the broiler chicken affected (P<.05) the performance and carcass yield and parts

Vocalização como indicativo do bem-estar de suínos submetidos a situações de estresse

Objetivou-se com este trabalho estimar o bem-estar de suínos a partir de registros de sua vocalização, durante alojamento em granja comercial. Foram utilizados 150 suínos machos castrados, distribuídos aleatoriamente em cinco baias. Os suínos foram submetidos a diferentes situações de estresse: sede (sem acesso a água), fome (sem acesso ao alimento), estresse térmico (Índice de temperatura e umidade - ITU >74). Para o tratamento controle, os animais foram mantidos em situação de conforto, com acesso a alimento e água, e ambiente com ITU <70. Foram registrados os sinais acústicos a cada 30 minutos, durante período ininterrupto de três horas, totalizando seis coletas para cada situação de estresse. Os sinais foram digitalizados a uma frequência de até 44.100Hz, por um período de 3 minutos. Posteriormente, os áudios foram analisados pelo software Praat(r) 5.1.19. Os atributos gerados a partir desse software foram a energia do sinal (Pa²*s), amplitude máxima e amplitude mínima (Pa), a frequência de picht (Hz), a intensidade sonora (dB) e quatro níveis de formantes (F1; F2; F3 e F4), também chamados de harmônicas (Hz). Verificou-se que, dependendo do estímulo estressor e de sua duração, os atributos acústicos energia e intensidade do sinal, frequência de pitch e as formantes 2 e 4 apresentaram diferenciação. Os atributos sonoros da vocalização de suínos variam de maneira distinta em função do tipo e duração do estímulo estressante, funcionando, quando associados, como ferramenta eficiente para quantificar o grau de estresse dos animais

Vocalization Data Mining For Estimating Swine Stress Conditions

This study aimed to identify differences in swine vocalization pattern according to animal gender and different stress conditions. A total of 150 barrow males and 150 females (Dalland® genetic strain), aged 100 days, were used in the experiment. Pigs were exposed to different stressful situations: thirst (no access to water), hunger (no access to food), and thermal stress (THI exceeding 74). For the control treatment, animals were kept under a comfort situation (animals with full access to food and water, with environmental THI lower than 70). Acoustic signals were recorded every 30 minutes, totaling six samples for each stress situation. Afterwards, the audios were analyzed by Praat® 5.1.19 software, generating a sound spectrum. For determination of stress conditions, data were processed by WEKA® 3.5 software, using the decision tree algorithm C4.5, known as J48 in the software environment, considering cross-validation with samples of 10% (10-fold cross-validation). According to the Decision Tree, the acoustic most important attribute for the classification of stress conditions was sound Intensity (root node). It was not possible to identify, using the tested attributes, the animal gender by vocal register. A decision tree was generated for recognition of situations of swine hunger, thirst, and heat stress from records of sound intensity, Pitch frequency, and Formant 1.343445450Balsby, J.S.T., Adams, D.M., Vocal similarity and familiarity determine response to potential flock mates in orange-fronted conures (Psittacidae) (2011) Animal Behaviour, 81 (5), pp. 983-991. , AmsterdamBaptista, R.I.A., Bertani, G.R., Barbosa, C.N., Indicadores do bem-estar em suínos (2011) Ciência Rural, Santa Maria, 41 (10), pp. 1823-1830Caldara Fabiana, R., Rosa, P.G., Ferreira, R.A., Reis, N.M.O., Nääs, I.A., Paz, I.C.L.A., Garcia, R.G., Ferreira, V.M.O.S., Behavior, performance and physiological parameters of pigs reared in deep bedding (2012) Engenharia Agrícola, Jaboticabal, 32 (1), pp. 38-46Cordeiro, A.F.S., Nääs, I.A., Oliveira, S.R.D.M., Violaro, F., Almeida, A.C.M., Efficiency of distinct data mining algorithms for classifying stress level in piglets from their vocalization (2012) Engenharia Agrícola, Jaboticabal, 32 (2), pp. 208-216Düpjan, S., Schön, P., Puppe, B., Tuchscherer, A., Manteuffel, G., Differential vocal responses to physical and mental stressors in domestic pigs (Sus scrofa) (2008) Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 114, pp. 105-115. , AmsterdamGeberzahn, N., Goymann, W., Muck, C., Ten Cate, C., Females alter their song when challenged in a sex-role reversed bird species (2009) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 64 (2), pp. 193-204. , BerlimGogoleva, S.S., Volodin, I.A., Volodina, E.V., Kharlamova, A.V., Trut, L.N., Effects of selection for behavior, human approach mode and sex on vocalization in silver fox (2012) Journal of Ethology, pp. 1-6. , http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10164-012-0353-x/fulltext.html, online. DOI:10.1007/s10164-012-0353-x. Access: 7 dez 2012Grandin, T., The feasibility of using vocalization scoring as an indicator of poor welfare during slaughter (1998) Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 56 (2), pp. 121-128. , AmsterdamLeidig, M.S., Hertrampf, B., Failing, K., Schumann, A., Reiner, G., Pain and discomfort in male piglets during surgical castration with and without local anesthesia as determined by vocalization and defence behaviour (2009) Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 116 (2), pp. 174-178. , AmsterdamMarx, G., Horn, T., Thielebein, J., Knubel, B., Borell, E., Analysis of pain-related vocalization in young pigs (2003) Journal of. Sound Vibration, 266 (4), pp. 687-698. , AmsterdamMatrosova, V.A., Blumstein, D.T., Volodin, I.A., Volodina, E.V., The potential to encode sex, age, and individual identity. Naturwissenschaften, Berlim (2011), 98 (3), pp. 181-192Nääs, I.A., Campos, L.S.L., Baracho, M.S., Tolon, Y.B., Uso de redes neurais artificiais na identificação de vocalização de suínos (2008) Engenharia Agrícola, Jaboticabal, 28, pp. 204-216Risi, N., (2010) Uso da vocalização como indicador patológico em leitões na fase de maternidade, , 93f. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, 2010Roller, W.L., Goldman, R.F., Response of swine to acute heat exposure (1969) Transactions of the ASAE, St. Joseph, 12 (2), pp. 164-169. , 174Roriz, M., (2003) Psicrom 1.0 - Relações Psicométricas, , Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Engenharia Civil. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Construção Civil. São CarlosSampaio, C.P., Nääs, I.A., Salgado, D.D., Marcos, P.G., Queirós, M.P.G., Avaliação do nível de ruído em instalações para suínos (2007) Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, Campina Grande, 11 (4), pp. 436-440Schrader, L., Todt, D., Vocal quality is correlated with levels of stress hormones in domestic pigs (1998) Ethology, 104 (10), pp. 859-876. , BerlimSpinka, M., Social dimension of emotions and its implication for animal welfare (2012) Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 138 (2), pp. 170-181. , Amsterda

Broilers' Toes Asymmetry And Walking Ability Assesment [assimetria Dos Pés De Frangos De Corte E Medida De Habilidade Locomotora]

Economy due to its technological advancement, which associated to the development of genetic strains of high growth may cause deviation in the growth rate and harm production. Morphological asymmetry has been pointed as an indicator of welfare, as maintained the pattern that leads to balance, the broiler chicken would have its normal locomotion characteristics, freely reaching water and feed. Thus, the objective of this research was to verify the possibility of using morphological asymmetry for evaluating walking ability of broiler chicken. The research was done in the Technology Center, at UNICAMP. The experiment was made using biomechanics analysis and following, the toes were measured. Results found did not show asymmetry useful for determining the locomotion ability of broiler chicken. New studies are recommended in order to search for other correlations that might help to estimate at field level, the locomotion difficulties of broiler chicken.294538546Bizeray, D., Faure, J.M., Leterrier, C., Faire marcher lê poulet: pourquoi et comment (2004) INRA Producion Animale, 17 (1), pp. 45-57. , MontpellierBizeray, D., Laterrier, C., Constantin, P., Picard, M., Faure, J.M., Early locomotor behaviour in genetic stocks of chickens with different growth rates (2000) Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 68 (2), pp. 231-242. , BristolBokkers, E.A.M., Koene, P., Behaviour of fast and slow growing broilers to 12 weeks of age and the physical consequences (2003) Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 81 (2), pp. 59-72. , BristolBroom, D.M., Behaviour and welfare in relation to pathology (2006) Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 97 (1), pp. 73-83. , BristolCarvalho, R.R., Bucklin, R.A., Shearer, J.K., Shearer, L., Effects of trimming on dairy cattle hoof weight bearing and pressure distributions during the stance phase (2005) Transactions of the ASAE, 48 (4), pp. 1.653-1.659. , St. JosephCoor, S.A., McCorquodale, C.C., Gentle, M.J., Gait analysis of poultry (1998) Research in Veterinary Science, 65 (1), pp. 233-238. , SaskatoonDawkins, M.S., Donnelly, C.A., Jones, T.A., Chicken welfare is influenced more by housing conditions than by stocking density (2004) Nature, 427 (6972), pp. 342-344. , CambridgeDongen, S.V., Molenberghs, G., Matthysen, E., The statistical analysis of fluctuating asymmetry: REML estimation of a mixed regression model (1999) Journal of Evolution Biology, 12 (2), pp. 94-102. , BaselHall, A.L., The effect of stocking density on the welfare and behaviour of broiler chickens reared commercially (2001) Animal Welfare, 10 (2), pp. 23-40. , EdinburghKestin, S.C., Knowles, T.G., Tinch, A.E., Gregory, G., Prevalence of leg weakness in broiler chickens and its relationship with genotype (1992) Veterinary Record, 2 (131), pp. 190-194. , LondonKestin, S.C., Su, G., Sorensen, P., Different commercial broiler crosses have different susceptibilities to leg weakness (1999) Poultry Science, 78 (8), pp. 1.085-1.090. , SavoyKnierim, U., Dongen, S.V., Forkman, B., Tuyttens, F.A.M., Spinka, M., Campo, J.L., Weissengruber, G.E., Fluctuating asymmetry as an animal welfare indicator - A review of methodology and validity (2007) Physiology & Behavior, 92 (2), pp. 398-421. , Tarrytown(2006), MINITAB Inc. Minitab 15.1.0.0. State College: Minitab IncMoller, A., Manning, J., Growth and developmental instability (2003) The Veterinary Journal, 166 (1), pp. 19-27. , Amsterdamvan Nuffel, A., van Poucke, E., van Dongen, S., Lens, L., Tuyttens, F.A.M., Measuring fluctuating asymmetry in broilers, p. 2008. , http://www.ilvo.vlaanderen.be/documents/fluctasbroilers.pdf, Disponível em, Acesso em: 10 junvan Nuffel, A., Tuyttens, F.A.M., van Dongen, S., Talloen, W.E., van Poucke, E., Sonck, B., Lens, L., Fluctuating asymmetry in broiler chickens: A decision protocol for trait selection in seven measuring methods (2007) Poultry Science, 86 (3), pp. 2.555-2.568. , SavoyOviedo-Rondón, E.O., (2008) Predisposing factors that affect walking ability in turkeys and broilers, , http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/poulsci/conference_proceedings/nutrition_c onference/2007/oviedo_2007.pdf, Disponível em, Acesso em: 12 maiovan Poucke, E., van Nuffel, A., van Dongen, S., Sonck, B., Lens, L., Tuyttens, F.A.M., Experimental stress does not increase fluctuating asymmetry of broiler chickens at slaughter age (2007) Poultry Science, 86 (10), pp. 2.110-2.116. , LangfordReiter, K., Kutriz, B., Behavior and leg weakness in different broiler breeds (2001) Archiv fur Geflügelkunde, 65 (2), pp. 137-141. , BerlinSanotra, G., Anotra, S., Damkjer, J., Lund, J., Vestergaard, K.S., Influence of light-dark schedules and stocking density on behaviour, risk of leg problems and occurrence of chronic fear in broilers (2002) British Poultry Science, 43 (3), pp. 344-354. , LondonSorensen, P., Su, G., Kestin, S.C., Effects of age and stocking density on leg weakness in broiler chickens (2000) Poultry Science, 79 (6), pp. 864-870. , SavoyTuyttens, F.A.M., Measures of developmental instability as integrated, a-posteriori indicators of farm animal welfare: a review (2003) Animal Welfare, 12 (10), pp. 535-540. , South MimmosWeeks, C.A., Danbury, T.D., Davies, H.C., Hunt, P., Kestin, S.C., The behaviour of broiler chickens and its modification by lameness (2000) Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 67 (1-2), pp. 111-125. , Bristo

Efeito do sistema de criação sobre o desempenho e rendimento de carcaça de frangos de corte tipo colonial Effect of production system on performance and carcass yield of free range broiler chickens

Foram utilizados 1600 pintos de corte de um dia de idade, distribuídos em delineamento, em blocos ao acaso, com esquema fatorial 4×2 (quatro linhagens, sendo uma delas comercial (Ross-308) e as demais específicas para a produção colonial (Caipirinha, Pescoço Pelado e Paraíso Pedrês) e dois sistemas de criação (confinado e com acesso a piquete), com quatro repetições de 50 aves cada. A ração não continha promotores químicos de crescimento e produtos de origem animal. Avaliaram-se o ganho de peso, o consumo de ração, a conversão alimentar, a mortalidade e os rendimentos de carcaça e das partes (peito, pernas, asas e dorso) aos 56, 63, 70, 77 e 84 dias de idade. O comprimento e a porcentagem (em relação ao peso vivo) dos intestinos e o peso e a porcentagem (em relação ao peso vivo) do fígado, moela e pâncreas foram avaliados aos 84 dias de idade. Houve efeito (P<0,05) da linhagem para as características de desempenho e da linhagem e do sexo para rendimentos da carcaça e das partes, assim como para as características do sistema digestório (P<0,05). O sistema de criação não influenciou as características avaliadas.<br>One thousand and six hundred day-old-chicks were randomly assigned to a 4×2 factorial design (4 strains and 2 production systems) with 4 replicates of 50 birds each. A commercial strain Ross and three strains (Caipirinha, Pescoço Pelado and Paraíso Pedrês) for free range chicken production systems were used. The production systems were confined and semi-confined supplemented with grass paddock (3m²/bird). The diets did not contain chemical growth promoters and animal by products. Weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion, mortality and carcass yield and parts were evaluated at 56, 63, 70, 77 and 84 days. Length and percentage of gut, liver, gizzard and spleen were evaluated at 84 days. Differences (P<0.05) among strains for performance, carcass yield and parts and gut characteristics and no differences (P>0.05) among production systems were observed

Desempenho e qualidade da carne de frangos de corte alimentados com diferentes níveis de sorgo em substituição ao milho

Avaliaram-se o desempenho e a qualidade da carne de frangos de corte alimentados com diferentes níveis de sorgo, do cultivar SAARA, com 0,49g/kg de tanino, em substituição ao milho. Os 2600 pintos sexados de um dia de idade, da linhagem Ross 308, foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com esquema fatorial 5&times;2 (cinco níveis de sorgo - 0, 25, 50, 75 e 100% e dois sexos), e quatro repetições de 65 aves por unidade experimental. Não houve efeito (P>0,05) da substituição do milho pelo sorgo sobre as características de desempenho, de rendimentos de carcaça, carne de peito e pernas, de composição química e sensoriais. O pH observado nas carnes de peito e pernas foi maior para os machos (P0.05). Muscle tissue from males had higher pH values than that from females, and muscle pH decreased as sorghum replaced corn in the diet (P<0.05). Loin length, width and thickness were larger for males. Breast meat from males had higher cooking loss and required greater shear force than breast meat from females (P<0.05). With increasing level of sorghum in the diet, the L value (level of light) of breast and leg muscle increased, whereas a value (redness) and b value (yellowness) decreased (P<0.05). In summary, replacing corn in the diet with increasing levels of sorghum did not affect live performance, carcass or main cut yields or meat quality, but muscle pH and color were affected