Perception of high school students regarding unwanted pregnancy

This study utilized a descriptive type of research. Respondents were four hundred high school students form first year to fourth year with one hundred students per year level that were currently enrolled in Dasmarinas National High School Year 2012-2013. Stratified random sampling was used as sampling method. The research tool used was a self-made questionnaire and data was analysed using frequency, percentage distribution, mean, t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Majority of the respondents from Dasmarinas National High School were ages 13 to 14, female, have monthly family income of Php10,000 and below, with parents who are married and Catholic. The respondents have a high level of perception regarding unwanted pregnancy. The respondents have the same perception regarding unwanted pregnancy when grouped according to age, religion, and parents\u27 civil status regarding unwanted pregnancy. However, the respondents have different perception regarding unwanted pregnancy when grouped according to gender, monthly family income and year level

Asian Pacific association for the study of liver (APASL) guidelines: hepatitis B virus in pregnancy

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection still remains a major public health issue in the Asia-Pacific region. Most of the burden of HBV-related disease results from infections acquired in infancy through perinatal or early childhood exposure to HBV in Asia-Pacific. Hepatitis B during pregnancy presents unique management issues for both the mother and fetus. These APASL guidelines provide a comprehensive review and recommendations based on available evidence in the literature, for the management of females with HBV infection through every stage of pregnancy and postpartum. These also address the concerns, management challenges, and required follow-up of children born to hepatitis B-positive mothers

Defining a ‘golden window' period and relevance of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF) a tool for intervention and improved survival

Conference Theme: New Horizons from East to west in HepatologyTopic 1 - Acute on Chronic Liver Failure: no. 1948This journal suppl. entitled: Conference Abstracts: 24th Annual Conference of APASL, March 12-15, 2015, Istanbul, TurkeyBACKGROUND AND AIMS: Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) is an early marker of sepsis and ongoing inflammation. Sepsis is the most common cause of mortality. The aim is to study the natural course of SIRS and sepsis in a hospitalized ACLF cohort without SIRS, sepsis at baseline and to define a window period for possible intervention. METHODS: Consecutive hospitalized patient of ACLF were prospectively evaluated for the development of SIRS/sepsis and associated complications till 90 days follow up, liver transplant or death. All patients received standard medical care, sepsis screening was done for initial 15 days, followed by ‘on suspicion’ screening. RESULTS: 201 patients with median age 46 yr (IQR = 38–45), male (91 %) and majority of ethanol (47 %) etiology. New onset SIRS, sepsis and septic shock at the end of first week were (77.6, 10 and 1 %) respectively. The time to development of SIRS, sepsis were 6.18 ± 1.7 and 7 days (IQR 4–7) respectively. Rate of development or resolution of SIRS 11–12 % per day. Development of SIRS associated with procalcitonin positivity (P = 0.05). Increasing no of organ failure (0, 3, 4) associated with higher incidence of SIRS (24, 87.5 and 100 % respectively, P\0.05). SIRS at D7 leads to a median survival (12 vs. 29 weeks), first week mortality (23 % vs. none, P\0.005) and 90 days mortality of (51.9 % vs. 37.8 %, P = 0.12). CONCLUSION: SIRS and its dynamicity is an important predictor of early sepsis, organ failure and survival in ACLF. Prompt use of prophylactic antibiotics with onset SIRS and rigorous septic screen during in the Golden window could improve outcome

APASL clinical practice guideline on hepatitis B reactivation related to the use of immunosuppressive therapy.

BACKGROUND & AIM: Hepatitis B reactivation related to the use of immunosuppressive therapy remains a major cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality in hepatitis B endemic Asia-Pacific region. This clinical practice guidelines aim to assist clinicians in all disciplines involved in the use of immunosuppressive therapy to effectively prevent and manage hepatitis B reactivation. METHODS: All publications related to hepatitis B reactivation with the use of immunosuppressive therapy since 1975 were reviewed. Advice from key opinion leaders in member countries/administrative regions of Asian-Pacific Association for the study of the liver was collected and synchronized. Immunosuppressive therapy was risk-stratified according to its reported rate of hepatitis B reactivation. RECOMMENDATIONS: We recommend the necessity to screen all patients for hepatitis B prior to the initiation of immunosuppressive therapy and to administer pre-emptive nucleos(t)ide analogues to those patients with a substantial risk of hepatitis and acute-on-chronic liver failure due to hepatitis B reactivation