Cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction of copper oxide-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites in normal rat kidney cells

Copper oxide-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites (CuO-rGO NCs) have received great attention from researchers due to their exceptional physicochemical properties that cannot be achieved by a single composition. CuO-rGO NCs have the potential to be used in diverse fields including agriculture, cosmetic, textile, the food industry, and biomedicine. The growing application and production of CuO-rGO NCs raises the concern of their effects on human and the environmental health. Knowledge on the toxicological response of CuO-rGO NCs in biological systems is scarce. This study was aimed to explore the cytotoxicity and apoptosis response of CuO-rGO NCs in normal rat kidney cells (NRR52E). CuO-rGO NCs was synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method using copper nitrate and graphene oxide (GO) as precursors. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the preparation of CuO-rGO NCs with high crystallinity, polygonal shape, smooth surface morphology. Besides, CuO nanoparticles were tightly anchored on rGO nanosheets. Biological results showed that CuO-rGO NCs induce a dose-dependent cytotoxicity in NRK52E cells evident by cell viability reduction and irregular cellular morphology. Fluorescent microscopic examination of 2,7-dichlorofluorescin probe showed that CuO-rGO NCs generate intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in NRK52E cells. Acridine orange/ethidium bromide dual staining depicted that number of orange-red stained cells (apoptotic cells) increases with increasing concentration of CuO-rGO NCs. The 4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) fluorescent staining exhibited that CuO-rGO NCs induce chromosomal condensation while normal-shaped nuclei were observed in the control cells. In cell cycle analysis, cells exposed to CuO-rGO NCs demonstrated significantly higher accumulation of apoptotic cells in subG1 phase. Altogether, we observed that CuO-rGO NCs induce cytotoxicity, ROS generation, and apoptosis in NRK52E cells. This preliminary study warrants future research to evaluate the potential mechanisms of CuO-rGO NCs toxicity at molecular level

Facile synthesis of electrospun antibacterial bioactive glass based micronanofibre (ABGmnf) for exalted wound healing: In vitro and in vivo studies

Recently, bioactive glass has shown an incredible potential to address the assortment of chronic wounds including diabetic and venous ulcers. In this regard, the textural properties of bioactive glass (BG)-based micronanofibre, which are analogous to the fibrin clot that aggregates platelets, provide advantages that support the coagulation cascade and subsequent soft tissue regeneration by providing mechanical support and a source of various therapeutic ions. In this correspondence, we synthesized a binary composition comprising (70-x) mol% SiO2, (30-y) mol% CaO, 1 < x < 5 mol% B2O3 and 0.001< y < 0.1mol% Ag2O composition (ABGmnf) via sol-gel method followed by fabrication of the electrospun fibres, and state-of-art characterizations, XRD, FTIR, and FESEM-EDXalong with biological studies including in-vitro cytocompatibility, 2D wound healing, antibacterial activities by determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). In addition, the concentration of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-a and IL-6) and various hematological, biochemical, and histopathological parameters were used to establish the in vivo biocompatibility. The in vivo wound healing assay, which demonstrated rapid wound closure, was then examined. ABGmnf's excellent cyto-and biocompatibility could be demonstrated by the above findings alongwith the lack of host-material interaction, as well

Electrochemical insights into layered La2CuO4 perovskite: active ionic copper for selective CO2 electroreduction at low overpotential

La2CuO4, a layered perovskites oxide was synthesized using solution combustion method at different calcination temperatures. XRD characterization and Rietveld refinement analysis confirms the pure phase of the synthesized material. The effect of calcination causes shrinking in the lattice parameters affirm the change in the oxygen stoichiometry. Four Probe (Van der Pauw�s) and CP-AFM analysis were carried out to understand the influences of calcination temperature on electrical conductivity. Electrochemical investigations on La2CuO4 were performed at various negative potential ranges using cyclic voltammetry (CV) to identify the redox active centre. Thermodynamic calculations are further carried out to validate the electrochemical results in different mediums. Selective electrocatalytic conversion of CO2 to C2-hydrocarbon (C2H4) with FE% of 40.3% which is 10 times higher than CH4 (FE%?=?4.1%) emphasized the in-situ formation of Cu2O from the redox active centre present in La2CuO4. Hydrocarbons are generated at a very low overvoltage (?0.4?V RHE) in comparison to literature. XPS analysis indeed confirms the presence of Cu+ species i.e., in-situ generated Cu2O, on La2CuO4 after CV and CO2 electrocatalysis.by Rana Pratap Singh, Payal Arora, Subramanian Nellaiappan, C. Shivakumara, Silviam Irusta, Manas Paliwala and Sudhanshu Sharm