Experimental Evaluation and Performance of Window Air Conditioner by Using Pre-Cooled Air in Condenser

Reduction of energy consumption is a major concern in the vapor compression refrigeration cycle especially in the area with very hot weather conditions (about 50 ºC), where window-air conditioners are usually used to cool homes. Research programs in order to improve the performance of window-air-conditioners by enhancing heat transfer rate in the condenser. In this system air is cooled outside the window air conditioner, and this cold air is fed over the condenser tubes. After to this greater amount of heat rejected from refrigerant vapor and low condensation pressure is obtained, which in turn increase Coefficient of performance (COP) of air conditioner. Air is pre-cooled in a device, in which atmospheric air is directly contact with water which comes from top of the device in fine droplets. Due to contact between air-water, air is cooled and passes to air conditioner. Practical performance shows that, by this arrangement reduces power consumption and improving performance of air-conditioner

Synthesis and Photodetection Properties of Sonochemically Exfoliated Cu0.2Sn0.8Se Nanoparticles

Transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs) with atomically minute structure have shown excessive potential for their optoelectronics field applications and their counterparts. TMCs unique layer dependent properties have pinched increasing consideration of scientists. Here, the high yield synthesis of atomically minute Cu0.2Sn0.8Se nanoparticles has been reported. The nanoparticles are synthesised by sonochemical exfoliation technique. The exfoliated Cu0.2Sn0.8Se nanoparticles have orthorhombic lattice structure which is confirmed from powder X-ray Diffraction with Pnma space group. The lateral morphology of the assynthesized nanoparticles examined under transmission electron microscopy showed them to be of uniform spherical shape. The selected area electron diffraction showed a spot pattern stating the particles to be single crystalline. Moreover, the photodetector based on Cu0.2Sn0.8Se nanoparticles thin film is fabricated. The periodic 670 nm laser illumination of power intensity 3 mW/cm2 is used to study the detector properties. The enhanced photo responsivity and specific detectivity is observed along with fast response. The outstanding detection properties are revealed from the responsivity, specific detectivity, and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of Cu0.2Sn0.8Se nanoparticles-based photodetector

A Study on Knowledge, Attitude & Practice Regarding Mosquito Borne Diseases in an Urban Area of Bhavnagar

Abstract : Introduction: Objective: Method

Dermoscopy of Infectious Dermatoses (Infectiouscopy) in Skin of Color—A Systematic Review by the International Dermoscopy Society “Imaging in Skin of Color” Task Force

Dermoscopy has been showed to facilitate the non-invasive recognition of several infectious disorders (infectiouscopy) thanks to the detection of peculiar clues. Although most of the knowledge on this topic comes from studies involving light-skinned patients, there is growing evidence about its use also in dark phototypes. This systematic literature review summarizes published data on dermoscopy of parasitic, bacterial, viral and fungal dermatoses (dermoscopic findings, used setting, pathological correlation, and level of evidence of studies) and provides a homogeneous terminology of reported dermoscopic features according to a standardized methodology. A total of 66 papers addressing 41 different dermatoses (14 bacterial, 5 viral, 11 fungal infections, and 11 parasitoses/bites and stings) and involving a total of 1096 instances were included in the analysis. The majority of them displayed a level of evidence of V (44 single case reports and 21 case series), with only 1 study showing a level of evidence of IV (case-control analysis). Moreover, our analysis also highlighted a high variability in the terminology used in the retrieved studies. Thus, although promising, further studies designed according to a systematic and standardized approach are needed for better characterization of dermoscopy of infectious skin infections

Dermoscopy of Hair and Scalp Disorders (Trichoscopy) in Skin of Color—A Systematic Review by the International Dermoscopy Society “Imaging in Skin of Color” Task Force

Hair and scalp disorders are of significant interest for physicians dealing with dark phototypes due to their prevalence and potential aesthetic impact resulting from a higher tendency for scarring. In order to facilitate their non-invasive diagnosis, several dermoscopic studies have been published, yet data are sparse and no systematic analysis of the literature has been performed so far. This systematic literature review summarizes published data on trichoscopy of hair and scalp diseases (trichoscopic findings, used setting, pathological correlation, and level of evidence of studies). A total of 60 papers addressing 19 different disorders (eight non-cicatricial alopecias, nine cicatricial alopecias, and two hair shaft disorders) were assessed, for a total of 2636 instances. They included one cross-sectional analysis, 20 case-control studies, 25 case-series, and 14 single case-reports, so the level of evidence was V and IV in 65% and 33% of cases, respectively, with only one study showing a level of evidence of III. Notably, although there is a considerable body of literature on trichoscopy of hair/scalp diseases, our review underlined that potentially significant variables (e.g., disease stage or hair texture) are often not taken into account in published analyses, with possible biases on trichoscopic patterns, especially when it comes to hair shaft changes. Further analyses considering all such issues are therefore needed

Dermoscopy of Cutaneous Neoplasms in Skin of Color – A Systematic Review by the International Dermoscopy Society “Imaging in Skin of Color” Task Force

Over the last few decades, dermoscopy has been showed to facilitate the non-invasive diagnosis of both benign and malignant skin tumors, yet literature data mainly comes from studies on light phototypes. However, there is growing evidence that skin neoplasms may benefit from dermoscopic assessment even for skin of color. This systematic literature review evaluated published data in dark-skinned patients (dermoscopic features, used setting, pathological correlation, and level of evidence of studies), also providing a standardized and homogeneous terminology for reported dermoscopic findings. A total of 20 articles describing 46 different tumors (four melanocytic neoplasms, eight keratinocytic tumors, 15 adnexal cutaneous neoplasms, seven vascular tumors, four connective tissue tumors, and eight cystic neoplasms/others) for a total of 1724 instances were included in the analysis. Most of them showed a level of evidence of V (12 single case reports and six case series), with only two studies featuring a level of evidence of IV (case-control analysis). Additionally, this review also underlined that some neoplasms and phototypes are underrepresented in published analyses as they included only small samples and mainly certain tones of “dark skin” spectrum (especially phototype IV). Therefore, further studies considering such limitations are required for a better characterization

Dermoscopy of Inflammatory Dermatoses (Inflammoscopy) in Skin of Color—A Systematic Review by the International Dermoscopy Society “Imaging in Skin of Color” Task Force

Dermoscopic patterns of inflammatory dermatoses (inflammoscopy) have been extensively studied in the recent years, though data on patients with darker phototypes (IV-VI) are sparse. The aims of this systematic review were to summarize the current state of knowledge on inflammoscopy applied to skin of color and provide a standardized nomenclature of reported findings. Besides dermoscopic features, type of setting and magnification, number of cases, and histopathological correlation were analyzed. Eighty-five papers addressing 76 different dermatoses (25 papulosquamous dermatoses, 19 hyperpigmented dermatoses, seven hypopigmented dermatoses, four granulomatous dermatoses, two sclerotic dermatoses, five facial inflammatory dermatoses, and 14 miscellaneous conditions) for a total of 2073 instances were retrieved. Only one study showed a level of evidence of III (cross-sectional study), whereas 10 and 74 displayed a level of evidence of IV (case-control studies) and V (case-series and case-reports), respectively. Moreover, our analysis also highlighted that most of papers focalized on a limited number of dermatoses, with several conditions having only single dermoscopic descriptions. Additionally, few studies compared findings among phototypes belonging to the “skin of color” spectrum. Further studies designed according to a systematic approach and considering the above-mentioned issues are therefore needed