Explorasi dan Studi Komposisi Botani Gulma di Perkebunan Karet PTPN IX Kebun Getas sebagai Pakan Ternak Ruminansia

Abstract  Weed is one of the plants that grow around rubber plantations that have the potential to provide forage for ruminant feed. This study aimed to explore the environmental conditions and identify the botanical composition of weeds under the shade of rubber trees in immature plants (IP) at PTPN IX, Getas Farm, Semarang, Central Java. Exploratory research was conducted to identify the botanical composition of weeds in three IP groups, such as 1-2, 3-4, and 5-6 years old. The composition of the weeds’ botany was divided based on the plants’ morphology into grass, legume, forbs, and browse. The environmental conditions data were analyzed using the ANOVA method and followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The botanical composition data were tabulated using a summed dominance ratio (SDR). The results showed the light intensity, wind speed, environment temperature, and weed botanical composition decreased as the rubber plants ages. The composition of rubber plantation weeds on IP 1-2 years old consisted of 32 species (5 kinds of grass, 4 legumes, 21 forbs, and 2 browse). The composition of weeds on IP 3-4 years old consisted of 15 species (8 kinds of grass, 2 legumes, and 5 forbs), while IP 5-6 years old consisted of 6 species (4 kinds of grass, 1 legume, and 1 forb). The dominant weeds of each IP were Calopogonium mucunoides, Cyrtococcum acrescens, and Cyrtococcum oxyphyllum, respectively. Based on the results of the study it was concluded that the area of IP 1-2 years old rubber plantation weeds has the highest botanical composition and potential as ruminant feed.  Keywords: Environmental conditions; Immature plants; Rubber plantation; Weed   Abstrak  Gulma merupakan salah satu tanaman yang tumbuh di sekitar tanaman perkebunan karet yang berpotensi sebagai penyedia hijauan pakan ternak ruminansia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi kondisi lingkunganpertumbuhan gulma dan mengidentifikasi komposisi botani di bawah naungan pohon karet pada tanaman belum menghasilkan (TBM), di PTPN IX, Kebun Getas. Semarang, Jawa Tengah. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksploratif terhadap kondisi lingkungan dan identifikasi komposisi botani gulma pada 3 kelompok TBM yaitu umur 1-2; 3-4; dan 5-6 tahun. Komposisi botani gulma dibagi berdasarkan morfologi tanaman yaitu rumput, legum, forb, dan browse. Data kondisi lingkungan kelompok TBM dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dan diuji lanjut menggunakan Duncant’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Data dominasi komposisi botani ditabulasi menggunakan summed dominance ratio (SDR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan intensitas cahaya, kecepatan angin, suhu lingkungan, dan komposisi botani gulma menurun seiring bertambahnya umur tanaman karet. Komposisi gulma perkebunan karet pada TBM 1-2 terdapat 32 spesies meliputi 5 rumput, 4 legum, 21 forb, dan 2 browse; TBM 3-4 terdapat 15 spesies meliputi 8 rumput, 2 legum, dan 5 forb, sedangkan TBM 5-6 terdapat 6 spesies meliputi 4 rumput, 1 legum, dan 1 forb. Gulma yang mendominasi masing-masing TBM yaitu Calopogonium mucunoides, Cyrtococcum acrescens dan Cyrtococcum oxyphyllum. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan gulma perkebunan karet lahan TBM 1–2 memiliki komposisi botani dan potensi tertinggi sebagai pakan ternak ruminansia.  Kata kunci: Gulma; Kondisi lingkungan; Perkebunan Karet; TB

Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Yield and Quality of Synedrella nodiflora (Tropical Weed)

This study aimed to determine the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the cultivation of tropical weed Synedrella nodiflora as forage. The study was conducted from May to July 2018. The treatments of the research were control (C), organic fertilizer (D) and organic fertilizer + urea (DU), with 3 replications that were arranged on experimental design with a completely randomized design, in a unidirectional pattern and continued with least significant different (LSD). Organic fertilizer dosage in this study was 5 tons/ha, while urea fertilizer was 350 kg/ha, with plant spacing was 45x60 cm. The observed parameters were plant height, forage production and chemical composition (5 weeks after planting). Plant height of C, D and DU were 41.59, 47,42, and 50.59 cm respectively. Forage production of dry matter after 5 weeks planting at C, D and DU were 1.69, 1.70 and 2.91ton/ha, with in vitro digestibility values ranging from 51.68 to 57.70% (IVDMD) and 51.71 to 61.98% (OMD) respectively. The chemical composition of native S. Nodiflora were 12.32% of dry matter (DM), 62.45% TDN count for cattle and 67.42% TDN count for sheep. Based on DM, The organic matter was 84.46%, crude protein 20,11%, crude fiber 13.26%, extract ether 7.77%, and nitrogen free extract 37.08%. The combination of organic fertilizer and urea increased the height and fresh and dry matter production S. nodiflora

PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN PUPUK ORGANIK PADA TANAH ERUPSI MERAPI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKTIVITAS TANAMAN Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench

The aims of this study were to determine the growth and the productivity (production, chemical composition and in vitro digestibility) of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench planted in Merapi eruption soil and were added with various levels of organic fertilizier. Polybag was filled using soil from Karangmalang (as external control) and Merapi eruption soil added with 0, 5 and 10 ton/ha organic fertilizer as planting media. SP36 100 kg/ha was added once during preparation of planting media, urea 200kg/ha was added two times during the cultivation, and planting space was 50x30 cm. Observations of plant growth and number of leaf were observed every week during 13 week. Harvest at milk stage, cutted, weighed, sample in oven 55oC and gried. Before analyzed proximate and in vitro digestibility Tilley and Terry two stages included dry matter digestibility and organic matter were done. Data was analyzed using analyzed of various for Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and the differend betweent means was using Least Significant Difference (LSD) test. The result showed that plant height, dry matter production, in vitro digestibility dry matter affected (P<0,05) by addict of organic fertilizer in Merapi eruption soil. Plant height increase for 87,55 cm to 118,12 - 126,00 cm, dry matter production for 2,82 ton/ha to 5,20 - 5,68 ton/ha, and in vitro digestibility dry matter for 65,39% to 66,37 - 69,20%. Based in the study included the addition of organic fertilizers 5 and 10 ton/ha on Merapi eruption soil increased the growth and the productivity sorghum, however not equal than sorghum planted in soil from Karangmalang

EMBRIOGENESIS SOMATIK DAN REGENERASI RUMPUT Brachiaria decumbens SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS AND REGENERATION OF Brachiaria decumbens GRASS

Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimasi konsentrasi fitohormon pada kultur in vitro tanaman rumput pakan tropis Brachiaria decumbens. Bakal rangkaian bunga (immature inflorescence) digunakan sebagai bahan eksplan. Induksi kalus dilakukan dengan menempatkan eksplan pada medium basal Murashige and Skoog (MS) yang ditambah dengan kombinasi fitohormon 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4D), dicamba dan kinetin. Data pengamatan induksi kalus meliputi persentase pembentukan kalus dan morfologi kalus. Kalus yang embriogenik kemudian dipindah ke dalam medium regenerasi yang berupa medium basal MS ditambah dengan fitohormon kinetin dan 6-benzylaminopurin (BAP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi 2,4-D 4 mg/L + kinetin 0,2 mg/L menunjukkan konsentrasi optimal untuk induksi kalus yaitu 90 % pembentukan kalus embriogenik. Sedangkan untuk regenerasi, medium MS yang ditambah dengan 4 mg/L kinetin menunjukkan germinasi embrio somatik yang tertinggi yaitu 87 %. Kata kunci: Brachiaria decumbens, Rumput, Optimasi kultur, Embriogenesis somatik, Regeneras

Growth and Productivity of Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench in Merapi Eruption Soil with Organic Fertilizer Addition

The aimed of this study was to determine the growth and the productivity of sorghum planted in Merapi eruption soil which was affected by addition with various levels of organic fertilizer. The treatments given was an organic fertilizer 5 and 10 ton/ha. Analysis was conducted on the production, chemical composition, and In vitro digestibility. Data was analyzed using anova analysis on Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and the difference between means was continued with Least Significant Difference (LSD) test. The result showed that plant height, dry matter production, In vitro digestibility dry matter affected (P<0.05) by addiction of organic fertilizer in Merapi eruption soil. Plant height increase for 87.55 cm to 118.12 - 126.00 cm, dry matter production for 2.82 ton/ha to 5.20 - 5.68 ton/ha, and In vitro digestibility dry matter for 65.39% to 66.37 - 69.20%. Based on the result of study, addition an organic fertilizers 5 and 10 ton/ha on Merapi eruption soil increased the growth and the productivity of sorghum