Advancing Personalized Medicine Through the Application of Whole Exome Sequencing and Big Data Analytics

There is a growing attention toward personalized medicine. This is led by a fundamental shift from the ‘one size fits all’ paradigm for treatment of patients with conditions or predisposition to diseases, to one that embraces novel approaches, such as tailored target therapies, to achieve the best possible outcomes. Driven by these, several national and international genome projects have been initiated to reap the benefits of personalized medicine. Exome and targeted sequencing provide a balance between cost and benefit, in contrast to whole genome sequencing (WGS). Whole exome sequencing (WES) targets approximately 3% of the whole genome, which is the basis for protein-coding genes. Nonetheless, it has the characteristics of big data in large deployment. Herein, the application of WES and its relevance in advancing personalized medicine is reviewed. WES is mapped to Big Data “10 Vs” and the resulting challenges discussed. Application of existing biological databases and bioinformatics tools to address the bottleneck in data processing and analysis are presented, including the need for new generation big data analytics for the multi-omics challenges of personalized medicine. This includes the incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) in the clinical utility landscape of genomic information, and future consideration to create a new frontier toward advancing the field of personalized medicine

Ring transformations in the reactions of 1,4-dinitropyrazole with N-nucleophiles

The reactions of 1,4-dinitropyrazole with primary amines, hydrazines, hydroxylamine and amidines were studied. 1,4-Dinitropyrazole in these reactions served as the synthetic equiv. of nitromalonaldehyde. The reaction of dinitropyrazole with primary arylhydrazines proved to be a convenient approach to the synthesis of 1-aryl-4-nitropyrazoles

Two 1-substituted 4-nitroimidazoles

Crystalline 4-nitro-1-phenyl­imidazole, C9H7N3O2, (I), and 4′-­nitro-1-phenyl-4,1′-bii­imidazole, C12H9N5O2, (II), contain C—H⃛O and C—H⃛N hydrogen bonds, connecting the mol­ecules into infinite chains. The aromatic fragments in both compounds are nearly planar. The dihedral angles between the benzene and imidazole rings are 26.78 (5)° in (I) and 29.36 (8)° in (II)

Exciplex Enhancement as a Tool to Increase OLED Device Efficiency

Organic electronics, mainly due to advancements in OLED (organic light-emitting diode) technology, is a fast developing research area having already revolutionized the displays market. This direction presents the use of exciplex emitters and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) in OLEDs, to give efficient, stable emitters that do not use scarce and expensive materials such as iridium. Here, it is shown for the first time several diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) derivatives that could be used as emitters in OLED devices. We were able to improve the efficiency of DPP materials by forming exciplex-enhanced OLED devices. These organic materials were also characterized by electrochemical and spectroscopic methods in order to elucidate each molecule's interaction and decrease the photoluminescence efficiency