Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of tumor lysis syndrome

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is an acute, life-threatening condition that occurs either spontaneously or as a complication of cytoreductive antitumor therapy, and occurs in both children and adults. As a result of TLS, intracellular components are released into the extracellular space, leading to dysregulation of the body's homeostasis due to the accumulation of uric acid, phosphate and potassium ions, and hypocalcemia, which may lead to cardiac arrhythmias, convulsions, or kidney failure

The role of artificial intelligence in cancer diagnostics - a review

Introduction and purposeArtificial intelligence (AI) is more advanced than ever and finds more and more new applications. Attempts are being made to use computer data analysis in medicine. The aim of this study is to summarize the knowledge on the use of AI in the diagnosis of breast, prostate, skin and colorectal cancer with particular emphasis on the applications and effectiveness of AI in making diagnoses. A brief description of the state of knowledgeThe most frequently used form of artificial intelligence in diagnostics are algorithms that analyze databases and recognize patterns. They can capture the features of samples characteristic of tumors, such as abnormal cells in the biopsy material or the alarming size and color of the skin lesion. Additionally, AI is capable of analyzing magnetic resonance images, radiographs, and other standardized test results. In most cases, AI is more effective than clinicians, sometimes as effective as they are, and almost never less effective. As a rule, the most accurate and adequate diagnosis can be obtained by joining the forces of AI and medical specialists. Working with learning algorithms requires the use of very extensive data sets. Every effort should be made to protect sensitive information from patients' medical history. ConclusionsThe results of research on the effectiveness of AI in cancer diagnostics are very promising. Further research and development of information technology systems may positively affect the quality and effectiveness of tumor diagnostics

Mechanisms of drug resistance in ovarian cancer

Ovarian cancer is the fifth most common cancer affecting women and the most lethal cancer among the gynecological cancers. Because of the lack of specific symptoms and no special screening tools, it is recognised in an advanced stage. In addition, drug resistance in ovarian cancer is so frequent, that genes and cross-talks between some important pathways are still analysed. In this review, the major and recently identified molecular mechanisms of drug resistance, including platinum, taxane, bevacizumab and PARPi resistance mechanisms in ovarian cancer from relevant literature have been investigated

MIGRATION ASPECTS RELATED WITH JAPANESE POLITICAL CIRCUMSTANCES BETWEEN YEARS 1868–1922

W głównym wątku artykułu opisana jest migracja ludności japońskiej. Wzięto w nim pod uwagę powody wystąpienia znaczących przypadków migracji oraz ich skutki. Cezurę czasową dobrano, mając na uwadze początki otwarcia się Japonii po zakończeniu ery Edō 江戸時代, aż do podpisania ustaleń Konferencji Waszyngtońskiej. Wszystkie ważniejsze migracje występujące w przyjętym okresie czasu, zostały poddane analizie przyczynowo-skutkowej. Na tej podstawie dokonano podziału charakteru migracji na militarne (ekspansywne) lub o charakterze cywilnym. Dodatkowo podjęto się porównania japońskich migracji o charakterze militarnym (ekspansywnym), z innymi tego rodzaju występującymi na obszarze Azji Wschodniej w opisywanym okresie czasu. Pozwoliło to na określenie indywidualnych cech migracji japońskich, na tle migracji obywateli innych państw tego regionu.Main thread contains description Japanese population migration. It contains main causes significant cases of migrations and their effects. Time period was set, based with starting opening Japan after Edō era 江戸, till signing understandings on Washington Conference. All significant cases from founded time period, were subjected cause-and-effect analysis. Based on the above analyse all migrations were divided as military or civil type. Additionally Japanese migrations military type were compared with another military migrations from East Asia region during adopted time period. It allowed for definig individual features Japanese migrations, against migrations another coutries populations from mentioned region

Body Posture Asymmetry in Prematurely Born Children at Six Years of Age

Aims. The purpose of the study was to assess body posture asymmetries in the standing and sitting position in prematurely born children at six years of age. Study Design and Subjects. We measured trunk symmetry in coronal plane. The study was carried out in a group of 101 children, aged 6-7 years, mean age of 6.63, including 50 preterm children born at gestational age <32 weeks (preterm group) and 51 full-term children (control group). Outcome Measures. Trunk symmetry in coronal plane was measured using photogrammetric technique with Mora 4G CQ Elektronik. The subjects were examined in standing and sitting position. Statistical analyses were carried out using Shapiro-Wilk W-test, Student’s t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, and Pearson’s chi-squared test. Statistical significance was assumed at p<0.05. Results. No significant differences were found between the groups in the asymmetries identified in the relevant anthropometric points, relative to the position assumed during the examination or to the subjects’ sex. Conclusions. There are no significant differences in body posture in the coronal plane, between preterm children and full-term children. Premature birth does not have adverse effects related to body posture asymmetry in preterm children at the age of six

Management of hepatocellular carcinoma with novel immunotherapeutic agents and prospects for the future

The most frequent type of primary liver cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although HCC is not the most frequent cancer, it is characterized by high mortality – the 5-year survival rate is 6,9%. In recent decades there was only one molecule available in treatment (sorafenib). However, in the past few years there have been advances in treatment. Nowadays, new generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors, check point inhibitors and anti-angiogenesis drugs are available. All those studies were analyzed outcome in context of monotherapy or combined therapies. In this review we made an attempt to com­pare results from different studies. Even though, many studies are undergoing final stages of clinical trials, it seems that combined therapies should be the next step in treatment advances

Management of hepatocellular carcinoma with novel immunotherapeutic agents and prospects for the future

The most frequent type of primary liver cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although HCC is not the most frequent cancer, it is characterized by high mortality – the 5-year survival rate is 6,9%. In recent decades there was only one molecule available in treatment (sorafenib). However, in the past few years there have been advances in treatment. Nowadays, new generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors, check point inhibitors and anti-angiogenesis drugs are available. All those studies were analyzed outcome in context of monotherapy or combined therapies. In this review we made an attempt to com­pare results from different studies. Even though, many studies are undergoing final stages of clinical trials, it seems that combined therapies should be the next step in treatment advances