23 research outputs found
Knowledge, empathy, and willingness to counsel patients with HIV among Indonesian pharmacists:a national survey of stigma
This study aimed to assess the level of HIV treatment knowledge, empathy, and HIV stigma of pharmacy students and pharmacists working with patients as well as potential factors associated with stigma. This survey included 250 hospital pharmacists within 33 provinces and 1013 final-year pharmacy students from Java, the most populated island in Indonesia. The data were collected via Qualtrics® and distributed by WhatsApp. The mean age of the participants was (Mean ± SD) 24.68 ± 5.30 years, and 80.0% were female. The mean knowledge score of students and pharmacists were 14.14 ± 2.01 and 15.39 ± 1.87, respectively, out of the maximum score of 21. The mean empathy score of students and pharmacists was 72.06 ± 5.39 and 77.40 ± 1.35, respectively out of the maximum score of 105. The mean stigma score of students and pharmacists was 21.02 ± 4.65 and 20.66 ± 4.41, respectively, out of a maximum score of 48. Regression analysis showed that knowledge, empathy, and willingness to counsel patients were negatively associated with stigma. Working with patients was positively associated with stigma. A multi-level intervention including education may reduce stigma and strengthen the role of pharmacists in caring for patients
Efficacy and safety of universal (TCRKO) ARI-0001 CAR-T cells for the treatment of B-cell lymphoma
Autologous T cells expressing the Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) have been
approved as advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) against several
hematological malignancies. However, the generation of patient-specific CART
products delays treatment and precludes standardization. Allogeneic off-theshelf
CAR-T cells are an alternative to simplify this complex and timeconsuming
process. Here we investigated safety and efficacy of knocking out
the TCR molecule in ARI-0001 CAR-T cells, a second generation aCD19 CAR
approved by the Spanish Agency of Medicines and Medical Devices (AEMPS)
under the Hospital Exemption for treatment of patients older than 25 years with
Relapsed/Refractory acute B cell lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). We first
analyzed the efficacy and safety issues that arise during disruption of the TCR
gene using CRISPR/Cas9. We have shown that edition of TRAC locus in T cells
using CRISPR as ribonuleorproteins allows a highly efficient TCR disruption
(over 80%) without significant alterations on T cells phenotype and with an
increased percentage of energetic mitochondria. However, we also found that
efficient TCRKO can lead to on-target large and medium size deletions,
indicating a potential safety risk of this procedure that needs monitoring.
Importantly, TCR edition of ARI-0001 efficiently prevented allogeneic
responses and did not detectably alter their phenotype, while maintaining a
similar anti-tumor activity ex vivo and in vivo compared to unedited ARI-0001 CAR-T cells. In summary, we showed here that, although there are still some
risks of genotoxicity due to genome editing, disruption of the TCR is a feasible
strategy for the generation of functional allogeneic ARI-0001 CAR-T cells. We
propose to further validate this protocol for the treatment of patients that do
not fit the requirements for standard autologous CAR-T cells administration.Spanish ISCIII Health Research FundEuropean Commission PI15/02015
PI18/00337
PI21/00298Red TerAv RD21/ 0017/0004
PI18/ 00330
PI17/00672CECEyU and CSyF of the Junta de Andalucia FEDER/European Cohesion Fund (FSE) for Andalusia 2016000073391-TRA
2016000073332-TRA
PI-57069
PAIDIBio326
CARTPI-0001- 201
PECART-0031-2020
PI0014-2016
PEER-0286-2019Spanish Government 00123009/SNEO-20191072
PLEC2021-008094regional Ministry of Health 0006/2018
C2-0002-2019Spanish Government FPU16/05467
FPU17/02268
FPU17/04327Junta de Andalucia PECART-00312020Consejeria de Salud y Familias PECART-0027-2020
MCI DIN2018-010180
DIN2020-01155
Physiological lentiviral vectors for the generation of improved CAR-T cells
Anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells have
achieved impressive outcomes for the treatment of relapsed
and refractory B-lineage neoplasms.However, important limitations
still remain due to severe adverse events (i.e., cytokine
release syndrome and neuroinflammation) and relapse of
40%–50%of the treated patients.MostCAR-Tcells are generated
using retroviral vectors with strong promoters that lead to high
CAR expression levels, tonic signaling, premature exhaustion,
and overstimulation, reducing efficacy and increasing side effects.
Here, we show that lentiviral vectors (LVs) expressing the
transgene through a WAS gene promoter (AW-LVs) closely
mimic the T cell receptor (TCR)/CD3 expression kinetic upon
stimulation. These AW-LVs can generate improved CAR-T cells
as a consequence of theirmoderate andTCR-like expression profile.
Compared with CAR-T cells generated with human elongation
factor a (EF1a)-driven-LVs, AW-CAR-T cells exhibited
lower tonic signaling, higher proportion of naive and stem cell
memory T cells, less exhausted phenotype, and milder secretion
of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) and interferon (IFN)-ɣ
after efficient destruction of CD19+ lymphoma cells, both
in vitro and in vivo.Moreover, we also showed their improved efficiency
using an in vitro CD19+ pancreatic tumor model. We
finally demonstrated the feasibility of large-scale manufacturing
ofAW-CAR-T cells in good manufacturing practice (GMP)-like
conditions. Based on these data, we propose the use of AW-LVs
for the generation of improved CAR-T products.Spanish ISCIII Health Research FundEuropean Commission PI15/02015
PI18/00337
PI21/00298
RD21/0017/0004
PI18/00330
PI17/00672CSyF of the Junta de Andalucia FEDER/European Cohesion Fund (FSE) for Andalusia 2016000073391-TRA
2016000073332-TRA
PI-57069
PA IDI-Bio326
CARTPI-0001-201
PECART-0031-2020
Red RANTECAR CAR-T 2019 00400200101918
PLEC2021-008094
PI-0014-2016
PEER-0286-2019Spanish Government PLEC2021-008094
00123009/SNEO-20191072Nicolas Monardes contracts from regional Ministry of Health 0006/2018
C2-0002-2019German Research Foundation (DFG) FPU16/05467
FPU17/02268
FPU17/04327
MCI DIN2018-010180Fundacion Andaluza Progreso y SaludGerman Research Foundation (DFG) PEJ-2018-001760-AJunta de Andalucia PE-0223-2018Biomedicine Programme of the University of Granada (Spain
Trend of suicide by self-immolation in a 13-year timeline: was the COVID-19 pandemic a potentially important stressor?
IntroductionSelf-immolation is an uncommon way of attempting and committing a suicide, with a fatality rate of 80%. The risk factors in self-immolation victims vary depending on demographic characteristics, socio-economic and cultural factors as well as religious beliefs. Whether the COVID-19 pandemic was a potentially important stressor for self-immolation is still unknown, with insufficient studies examining this issue. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to examine the trend of self-immolation in a 13-year timeline, and the potential association of COVID-19 pandemic with the increase in the incidence and severity of self-immolation injuries in Serbia in 2021.Materials and methodsThe study included hospitalized patients due to intentional burns caused by self-immolation in the period from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2021. Joinpoint regression analysis was used for the analysis of continuous linear trends of self-immolation cases with change points.ResultsWhile a rising trend was observed in the 2008–2013 time segment, followed by a decline in the upcoming 2013–2016 time segment, a significant increase reached its maximum during COVID-19 pandemic (2021), with annual percent change of 37.1% (p = 0.001). A significant increase in the median number of cases per year was observed during 2021 compared to the previous periods (7.5 vs. 2). Frequency of patients with a psychiatric diagnosis vs. those without a psychiatric diagnosis was significantly higher during than before the COVID-19 period (66.7 vs. 36.1%, p = 0.046).ConclusionIn our study, a significant increase in the frequency of suicide attempts by self-immolation during COVID-19 pandemic was noticed. There was also an increased frequency of pre-existing psychiatric illness among patients during the pandemic period. With limited high-quality data available, the study adds to a rising body of evidence for assessment of outcomes of the pandemic on mental health and recognition of stressors for self-immolation
Lentiviral vectors for inducible, transactivator-free advanced therapy medicinal products: Application to CAR-T cells
Controlling transgene expression through an externally
administered inductor is envisioned as a potent strategy
to improve safety and efficacy of gene therapy approaches.
Generally, inducible ON systems require a chimeric transcription
factor (transactivator) that becomes activated by
an inductor, which is not optimal for clinical translation
due to their toxicity. We generated previously the first
all-in-one, transactivator-free, doxycycline (Dox)-responsive
(Lent-On-Plus or LOP) lentiviral vectors (LVs) able to control
transgene expression in human stem cells. Here, we
have generated new versions of the LOP LVs and have
analyzed their applicability for the generation of inducible
advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) with special
focus on primary human T cells. We have shown that, contrary
to all other cell types analyzed, an Is2 insulator must
be inserted into the 30 long terminal repeat of the LOP
LVs in order to control transgene expression in human
primary T cells. Importantly, inducible primary T cells
generated by the LOPIs2 LVs are responsive to ultralow
doses of Dox and have no changes in phenotype or function
compared with untransduced T cells. We validated
the LOPIs2 system by generating inducible CAR-T cells
that selectively kill CD19+ cells in the presence of Dox.
In summary, we describe here the first transactivatorfree,
all-one-one system capable of generating Dox-inducible
ATMPs.Spanish ISCIII Health Research FundEuropean Union (EU) PI18/00337
PI21/00298
RD21/0017/0004
PI18/00330
PI17/00672Red TerAvJunta de Andalucia FEDER/European Cohesion Fund (FSE) for AndalusiaSpanish Government PI18/00337
PI21/00298European Union-NextGenerationEU - Maria Zambrano Senior Program RD21/0017/0004
PI18/00330
PI17/00672Ministry of Health 2016000073332-TRA
PI-57069
CARTPI-0001-201
PE-CART-0031-2020
PI-0014-2016
PECART-0027-2020
ProyExcel_00875
PEER-0286-2019European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) 00123009/SNEO-20191072MINECO - European Regional Development Fund PLEC2021-008094Spanish Government 0006/2018FEDER/Junta de Andalucia-Consejeria de Transformacion Economica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades CA21113Spanish Government SAF2015-71589-PMCI RYC-2016-21395German Research Foundation (DFG) PY20_00619 y A-CTS-28_UGR20Biomedicine Program of the University of Granada (Spain) FPU16/05467
FPU17/02268
FPU17/04327
DIN2018-010180
DIN2020-011550
PEJ-2018-001760-
National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic
Changing collective behaviour and supporting non-pharmaceutical interventions is an important component in mitigating virus transmission during a pandemic. In a large international collaboration (Study 1, N = 49,968 across 67 countries), we investigated self-reported factors associated with public health behaviours (e.g., spatial distancing and stricter hygiene) and endorsed public policy interventions (e.g., closing bars and restaurants) during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic (April-May 2020). Respondents who reported identifying more strongly with their nation consistently reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies. Results were similar for representative and non-representative national samples. Study 2 (N = 42 countries) conceptually replicated the central finding using aggregate indices of national identity (obtained using the World Values Survey) and a measure of actual behaviour change during the pandemic (obtained from Google mobility reports). Higher levels of national identification prior to the pandemic predicted lower mobility during the early stage of the pandemic (r = −0.40). We discuss the potential implications of links between national identity, leadership, and public health for managing COVID-19 and future pandemics.publishedVersio
SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and COVID-19 disease severity are associated with genetic variants affecting gene expression in a variety of tissues
Variability in SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and COVID-19 disease severity between individuals is partly due to
genetic factors. Here, we identify 4 genomic loci with suggestive associations for SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility
and 19 for COVID-19 disease severity. Four of these 23 loci likely have an ethnicity-specific component.
Genome-wide association study (GWAS) signals in 11 loci colocalize with expression quantitative trait loci
(eQTLs) associated with the expression of 20 genes in 62 tissues/cell types (range: 1:43 tissues/gene),
including lung, brain, heart, muscle, and skin as well as the digestive system and immune system. We perform
genetic fine mapping to compute 99% credible SNP sets, which identify 10 GWAS loci that have eight or fewer
SNPs in the credible set, including three loci with one single likely causal SNP. Our study suggests that the
diverse symptoms and disease severity of COVID-19 observed between individuals is associated with variants across the genome, affecting gene expression levels in a wide variety of tissue types
Stents for malignant ureteral obstruction
Malignant ureteral obstruction can result in renal dysfunction or urosepsis and can limit the physician's ability to treat the underlying cancer. There are multiple methods to deal with ureteral obstruction including regular polymeric double J stents (DJS), tandem DJS, nephrostomy tubes, and then more specialized products such as solid metal stents (e.g., Resonance Stent, Cook Medical) and polyurethane stents reinforced with nickel-titanium (e.g., UVENTA stents, TaeWoong Medical). In patients who require long-term stenting, a nephrostomy tube could be transformed subcutaneously into an extra-anatomic stent that is then inserted into the bladder subcutaneously. We outline the most recent developments published since 2012 and report on identifiable risk factors that predict for failure of urinary drainage. These failures are typically a sign of cancer progression and the natural history of the disease rather than the individual type of drainage device. Factors that were identified to predict drainage failure included low serum albumin, bilateral hydronephrosis, elevated C-reactive protein, and the presence of pleural effusion. Head-to-head studies show that metal stents are superior to polymeric DJS in terms of maintaining patency. Discussions with the patient should take into consideration the frequency that exchanges will be needed, the need for externalized hardware (with nephrostomy tubes), or severe urinary symptoms in the case of internal DJS. This review will highlight the current state of diversions in the setting of malignant ureteral obstruction. Keywords: Malignant ureteral obstruction, Ureteral stent, Hydronephrosi
Using Gene Editing Approaches to Fine-Tune the Immune System
Genome editing technologies not only provide unprecedented opportunities to study
basic cellular system functionality but also improve the outcomes of several clinical
applications. In this review, we analyze various gene editing techniques used to finetune
immune systems from a basic research and clinical perspective. We discuss
recent advances in the development of programmable nucleases, such as zinc-finger
nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and clustered
regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas-associated nucleases. We
also discuss the use of programmable nucleases and their derivative reagents such
as base editing tools to engineer immune cells via gene disruption, insertion, and
rewriting of T cells and other immune components, such natural killers (NKs) and
hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). In addition, with regard to chimeric
antigen receptors (CARs), we describe how different gene editing tools enable healthy
donor cells to be used in CAR T therapy instead of autologous cells without risking
graft-versus-host disease or rejection, leading to reduced adoptive cell therapy costs
and instant treatment availability for patients. We pay particular attention to the delivery
of therapeutic transgenes, such as CARs, to endogenous loci which prevents collateral
damage and increases therapeutic effectiveness. Finally, we review creative innovations,
including immune system repurposing, that facilitate safe and efficient genome surgery
within the framework of clinical cancer immunotherapies.Spanish ISCIII Health Research FundEuropean Union (EU)
PI12/01097
PI15/02015
PI18/00337
PI18/00330CECEyU and CSyF councils of the Junta de Andalucia FEDER/European Cohesion Fund (FSE)
2016000073391-TRA
2016000073332-TRA
PI-57069
PAIDI-Bio326
PI-0014-2016Nicolas Monardes regional Ministry of Health
0006/2018Spanish Government
FPU16/05467
FPU17/02268Industrial Doctorate Plan MCI
DIN2018-010180SMSI
PEJ-2018-001760-ALentiStem Biotec