Bioaktivne komponente u funkciji oplemenjivanja industrijskog paradajza

Selection of tomato lines for industrial use regarding their nutritional value is a potential that will reflect in the final product obtained from tomato fruits. At the same time, technological process of preparation of tomato juice (100 °C), as well as hot air drying, was studied in order to establish an optimal technological process that is the least disrupting for the natural potential of nutrients contained in fresh fruits. The research was performed on 6 lines and one variety of industrial tomato. The content of vitamin C, vitamin E, lycopene, β-carotene, phenols, flavonoids, dry matter and total antioxidative capacity was studied by applying standard methods for determination of the level of these parameters. Grouping was performed according to traits of average carotenoid content (lycopene, β-carotene), vitamin C, vitamin E, phenols, flavonoids, dry matter and total antioxidative capacity in tomato fruit, by applying PCA. The first two principle components were responsible for 77.18 % of total variability of researched samples. The impact of other five components was low and they were responsible for 22.18 % of the variability. Antioxidative activity was best preserved after finishing, through small losses of lycopene and β-carotene. Losses of vitamin C, vitamin E, phenols and flavonoids during thermal processing were great, mostly in juice, while in dried product, these losses were lower. Nutrient losses were in function of temperature height that the fruits were exposed to during the thermal processing. Genotypes SPRZ and SPSM were marked as the best.Selekcija linija paradajza namenjenog industrijskoj preradi prema osobinama koje definišu njihovu nutritivnu vrednost predstavljaju potencijal koji će se reflektovati u proizvodu dobijenom od plodova paradajza. U isto vreme ispitan je i tehnološki proces pripreme soka paradajza (100 °C) kao i sušenje plodova na toplom vazduhu, kako bi se utvrdio optimalni tehnološki proces koji najmanje narušava prirodni potencijal nutrijenata sadržanih u svežim plodovima. Ispitivanje je sprovedeno na 6 linija i jednoj sorti industrijskog paradajza gde su ispitani sadržaj vitamina C, vitamina E, likopina, β-carotina, fenola, flavonoida, suve materije i ukupni antioksidativni kapacitet, standardnim metodama za utvrđivanje sadržaja ovih parametara. Grupisanje je izvršeno prema osobinama prosečnog sadržaja karetinoida (likopen, β-karoten), vitamina C, vitamina E, fenola, flavonoida, suve materije i ukupnog antioksidatinog kapaciteta u plodu paradajza, pomoću PCA analize. Prve dve principle komponente odgovorne su za 77,18 % ukupne varijabilnosti ispitivanih uzoraka. Uticaj ostalih pet komponenti je mali i one su odgovorne za 22,18 % varijabilnosti. Antioksidativna aktivnost je najbolje očuvana posle dorade kroz male gubitke likopina i β-karotina posle dorade. Gubici vitamina C, vitamina E, fenola, flavonoida pri termičkoj obradi su veliki i to najviše u soku, dok kod sušenog proizvoda ti gubici su nešto manji. Gubici nutrijenata su u funkciji visine temperature kojima su plodovi bili izlagani pri termičkoj obradi. Kao najbolji genotipovi ocenjeni su SPRZ i SPSM

Uticaj termičke obrade plodova paradajza na antioksidativnu aktivnost, sadržaj vitamina E, suve materije i ukupnih šećera

The objective of this study was the determination of total antioxidant activity, contents of vitamin E, sugar and total dry matter in fresh and thermally processed (dried and juiced) tomato fruits of different selected tomato lines with the aim to establish the nutritive profile and distinguish superior genotypes in order to obtain high-quality final product with more benefit to human health. Content of vitamin E, total antioxidant activity, dry matter and total sugars, in fresh and dried fruits (dried in parallel hot air dryer at 60 °C, until the final product reached the moisture lower than 10% and in tomato juice pasteurized at 100 °C, for 7 minutes) was studied. Comparative trial with 7 genotypes: one commercial variety (SP-109) and 6 selected high inbreeding generation lines (SPP, SPSM, SPRZ, SPRM-20, S-60 and SPO), was set up. Genotype SPRZ had the highest vitamin E content and total antioxidant capacity, both in fresh fruit and after the treatments. Thermal processing by drying at 60°C and pasteurization of tomato changed the level of total sugar and dry matter content. Total antioxidant activity decreased by drying, comparing to fresh fruit while the level of vitamin E decreased in juice pasteurized at high temperature (100 °C). .Cilj istraživanja je određivanje ukupne antioksidativne aktivnosti, sadržaja vitamina E, sadržaja šećera i ukupne suve materije u svežim i termički obrađenim (sušeni plodovi i sok) plodovima različitih selekcionih linija paradajza, sa ciljem utvrđivanja nutritivnog kvaliteta i izdvajanja superiornih genotipova, čijom preradom bi se dobio kvalitetniji krajnji proizvod sa pozitivnim dejstvom na ljudsko zdravlje. Ispitivani su sadržaj vitamina E, ukupna antioksidativna aktivnost, suva materija, i ukupni sadržaj šećera, kod svežih plodova, sušenih plodova (sušenje toplim vazduhom na 60 °C, do konačne vlage uzorka manje od 10%) i soka paradajza (pasterizacijom na 100 °C, u trajanju od 7 minuta). Izveden je komparativni ogled sa 7 genotipova, jedna komercijalna sorta (SP-109) i 6 selekcionisanih linija (SPP, SPSM, SPRZ, SPRM-20, S-60 I SPO) visokih generacija inbridinga. Termička obrada plodova paradajza (sušenjem na 60 °C) i pravljenjem soka dovodi do promene ukupnog sadržaja šećera i sadržaja ukupne suve materije. Ispitivanjem ukupne antioksidativne aktivnosti utvrđeno je da se ona gubi sušenjem u odnosu na svež plod, a sadržaj vitamina E se smanjio u soku koji je dobijen obradom na višim temperaturama (100 °C). Genotip SPRZ imao je najviše vrednosti za sadržaj vitamina E i ukupan antioksidativni kapacitet kako u svežem stanju tako i nakon primenjene obrade. Izborom superiornih genotipova i akumulacijom nutrijenata kroz oplemenjivačke programe, može se poboljšati kvalitet krajnjeg proizvoda i postići dobijanje prerađevina sa većim pozitivnim uticajem na zdravlje ljudi

Način nasleđivanja indeksa oblika lukovice crnog luka (Allium cepa L.)

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is a very important and widespread vegetable crop. Bulb shape index is a very significant biological and commercial trait. Bulb shape impacts the price, processing, resistance to diseases, etc., which is the reason why it is a very important economical trait. Success of the breeding process depends on genetic determination of the traits that were targeted in the selection process. In order to assess the genetic determination of bulb shape index, the trial was set up in the random block system with five replications, with diallel crossing without reciprocals. Bulb shape index in F1 generation was from flat-round to oval shaped. The most common heredity mode of the bulb shape index was superdomination. The highest value of GCA for shape index was found in 'Makoi bronzi', which was the indicator of the best combining abilities. The highest SCA in F1 and F2 generation was found in the hybrid 'Makoi bronzi' x 'AC 101'.Crni luk (Allium cepa L.) je izuzetno važna i široko raspostranjena povrtarska vrsta. Indeks oblika lukovice crnog luka predstavlja veoma značajno biološko i tržišno svojstvo. Oblik lukovica ima uticaja na tržišnu cenu crnog luka, proces dorade, otpotnost na bolesti, itd. Zbog ovoga, indeks oblika se ubraja u važnu ekonomsku osobinu lukovice crnog luka. Genetska determinisanost osobine utiče na uspešnost procesa selekcije. Kako bi utvrdili genetsku determinisanost indeksa oblika lukovice, postavljen je ogled po slučajnom blok sistemu u pet ponavljanja. Primenjen je metod dialelnog ukrštanja bez recipročnog. Posmatrajući hibridne kombinacije Fi generacije može se uočiti da se njihov indeks oblika lukovice kretao od pljosnato-okruglog do ovalnog. Najzastupljeniji način nasleđivanja indeksa oblika lukovice u ovom istraživanju je super dominacija. Najveću vrednost OKS za indeks oblika imala je linija 'Makoi bronzi'. Najvišu vrednost za PKS u F1 i F2 generaciji imao je hibrid dobijen ukrštanjem linije 'Makoi bronzi' x 'AC 101'

THE IMPACT OF TRANSPORT ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE DEVELOPMENT

Međunarodna trgovina podrazumijeva transport određenih količina roba na (često) velike udaljenosti, a uspjeh posla ovisi o sigurnosti i brzini isporuke. Sigurnost i brzina isporuke u velikoj su mjeri uvjetovani kvalitetom transportnih sredstava i infrastrukture. Zbog toga je razvoj međunarodne trgovine uvjetovan transportom, a razvoj transportnih sredstava i infrastrukture u velikoj je mjeri uvjetovan zahtjevima za međunarodnom isporukom različitih dobara. U radu se propituje međuzavisnost međunarodne trgovine i transporta te se pokazuje kako je i u prošlosti i danas transport imao velik značaj za razvoj međunarodne trgovine, a međunarodna trgovina na razvoj transportnih sredstava i transportne infrastrukture.International trade implies transport of specific quantity of goods to (frequently) large distances, the success of which depends on the safety and speed of delivery. These are greatly conditioned by the quality of means of transport and infrastructure. This is why international trade development is affected by transport, and the development of means of transport and infrastructure is, to a great extent, influenced by demand for international delivery of various commodities. This paper looks at the interdependence of international trade and transport, showing how transport played a very significant role in international trade development in the past as it does today, commensurate to the role of international trade in the development of carriers and transport infrastructure

Rezultati oplemenjivanja salatnog krastavca (Cucumis sativus L.) u Institutu za povrtarstvo, Smederevska Palanka

Market significance of cucumber for fresh consumption and the new technology of growing make it one of the most attractive vegetable variety. Interest of producers is higher every day, while the selection of new varieties is very low. The aim of this research was the selection of cucumber intended for fresh consumption with good agronomic traits intended for growing in the greenhouses and in the open field. The researchers of the Institute for Vegetable Crops, Smederevska Palanka created new cucumber hybrid which was recognized by Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Water Management of the Republic of Serbia, Department for Plant protection in 2013, under the name 'Kralj'.Tržišna značajnost salatnog krastavca i nove tehnologije gajenja čine da on postaje jedna od najatraktivnijih povrtarskih vrsta. Zainteresovanost proizvođača je sve veća a domaća selekcija sorata na ovoj povrtarskoj vrsti je jako oskudna. Cilj ovog istraživanja je selekcija salatnog krastavca sa dobrim agronomskim osobinama namenjenog za gajenje u zaštićenom prostoru i na otvorenom polju. Novi hibrid salatnog krastavca Kralj, kreiran je u Institutu za povrtarstvo, Smederevska Palanka. Hibrid je priznat kod MPVŠ, RS, Uprava za zaštitu bilja, 2013 godine pod nazivom Kralj

Study of some bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) populations originating from central Serbia

Proučavanje populacija pasulja prikupljenih tokom rada na terenu, poseta proizvođačima ili na lokalnim pijacama centralne Srbije, ima izuzetno veliki značaj za program oplemenjivanja pasulja u Institutu za povrtarstvo d.o.o. u Smederevskoj Palanci. U početnim istraživanjima obuhvaćene su standardne osobine: visina stabla, broj mahuna po biljci, broj zrna u mahuni, masa 1000 semena, oblik i boja zrna, potencijalna rezistentnost. Istraživanjima su obuhvaćene 37 populacija. Od posmatranih osobina u radu su prokazane tri osobine: visina stabla, broj zrna u mahuni i masa 1000 semenaStudy of bean populations collected during the field work, visiting the producers or local markets in central Serbia is extremely significant in bean breeding at the Institute for Vegetable Crops, Smederevska Palanka. In the initial studies of standard traits of beans: stalk height, number of pods per plant, number of grains in pod, weight of 1000 grains, shape and col our of grains, potential resistance have been examined. The study covered 37 populations. From all re searched traits, this pa per deals with three: stalk height, number of grains per pod and weight of 1000 grains

Study of some bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) populations originating from central Serbia

Proučavanje populacija pasulja prikupljenih tokom rada na terenu, poseta proizvođačima ili na lokalnim pijacama centralne Srbije, ima izuzetno veliki značaj za program oplemenjivanja pasulja u Institutu za povrtarstvo d.o.o. u Smederevskoj Palanci. U početnim istraživanjima obuhvaćene su standardne osobine: visina stabla, broj mahuna po biljci, broj zrna u mahuni, masa 1000 semena, oblik i boja zrna, potencijalna rezistentnost. Istraživanjima su obuhvaćene 37 populacija. Od posmatranih osobina u radu su prokazane tri osobine: visina stabla, broj zrna u mahuni i masa 1000 semenaStudy of bean populations collected during the field work, visiting the producers or local markets in central Serbia is extremely significant in bean breeding at the Institute for Vegetable Crops, Smederevska Palanka. In the initial studies of standard traits of beans: stalk height, number of pods per plant, number of grains in pod, weight of 1000 grains, shape and col our of grains, potential resistance have been examined. The study covered 37 populations. From all re searched traits, this pa per deals with three: stalk height, number of grains per pod and weight of 1000 grains

The impact of different thermal processing of tomato to its antioxidant activity, vitamin E, dry matter and sugar content

The objective of this study was the determination of total antioxidant activity, contents of vitamin E, sugar and total dry matter in fresh and thermally processed (dried and juiced) tomato fruits of different selected tomato lines with the aim to establish the nutritive profile and distinguish superior genotypes in order to obtain high-quality final product with more benefit to human health. Content of vitamin E, total antioxidant activity, dry matter and total sugars, in fresh and dried fruits (dried in parallel hot air dryer at 60 °C, until the final product reached the moisture lower than 10% and in tomato juice pasteurized at 100 °C, for 7 minutes) was studied. Comparative trial with 7 genotypes: one commercial variety (SP-109) and 6 selected high inbreeding generation lines (SPP, SPSM, SPRZ, SPRM-20, S-60 and SPO), was set up. Genotype SPRZ had the highest vitamin E content and total antioxidant capacity, both in fresh fruit and after the treatments. Thermal processing by drying at 60°C and pasteurization of tomato changed the level of total sugar and dry matter content. Total antioxidant activity decreased by drying, comparing to fresh fruit while the level of vitamin E decreased in juice pasteurized at high temperature (100 °C).

Kliničke upute za dijagnozu, liječenje i praćenje odraslih bolesnika oboljelih od glioma središnjega živčanog sustava [Clinical guidelines for diagnosing, treating and monitoring of adult patients with gliomas of central nervous system]

Gliomas of the central nervous system are glial cell tumors that are divided in low and high grade group. Multidisciplinary approach to treatment consists of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The type and order of treatment depend on the characteristics of the tumor and the patient. We present the clinical guidelines for diagnostic procedures, surgical treatment, oncological treatment and follow up of patients with this type of tumor in the Republic of Croatia