International migration and new mobility trends

World migration community covers 3% of the world population, in Europe it is around 7% and 4% in the Czech Republic. Europe is an important target for migration stimulated by the work offer but also by wars and natural disasters. In Western Europe at the end of the 20th century there were 20 millions of foreign migrants and also probably 3-5 million illegal migrants. Recently, we have faced new trends in international mobility which are different from traditional migration flows. They include mobility of multinational firms employees, mobility of students, pensioners but also mobility of professionals. Specific group under study is foreign migration or mobility of scientists and researchers. There is another phenomena connected with the development of modern technologies which stimulates the mobility in virtual space. Virtual mobility is another form of mobility which is using virtual space for communication, study, work and other aspects of life. The aim of this paper is to introduce the main trends in international migration including the traditional ones but stressing the new types of international mobility. The focus will be on the current situation in the Czech Republic related to migration.migration, international mobility, foreigners, high skilled professionals, brain drain, virtual mobility

Virtual Erasmus - A new chance not only for Europe

Virtual Mobility among two or more educational institutions offers students a virtual trip abroad. There is an opportunity to acquire a number of ECTS-points at one of the foreign partner institutions or through a joint activity which are counted to the student’s degree at his/her home university. This paper is based on the research conducted among ERASMUS coordinators within the EU. The research was part of the MoreVM project which aims at facilitating the virtual mobility, encouraging participation and enhancing efficiency of virtual mobility in higher education. The central focus was on the position of the virtual mobility coordinator, if such exists. There will be an overview of the main research findings reflecting the present situation in managing the virtual mobility. We hope that sharing good experience including the MoreVM project results will increase the development of the virtual mobility which will get similar attention and success as Erasmus physical mobility. Virtual mobility could be a valuable example also for countries outside of European Union.virtual mobility, management, e-learning, Erasmus mobility

International migration and new mobility trends

World migration community covers 3 per cent of the world population, in Europe it is around 7 per cent and 4 per cent in the Czech Republic. Europe is an important target for migration stimulated by the work offer but also by wars and natural disasters. In Western Europe at the end of the 20th century there were 20 millions of foreign migrants and also probably 3–5 million illegal migrants. Recently, we have faced new trends in international mobility which are different from traditional migration flows. They include mobility of multinational firms employees, mobility of students, pensioners but also mobility of professionals. Specific area under study is foreign migration or mobility of scientists and researchers. There is another phenomena connected with the development of modern technologies which stimulates the mobility in virtual space. Virtual mobility is another form of mobility which is using virtual space for communication, study, work and other aspects of life. The aim of this paper is to introduce the main trends in international migration including the traditional ones but stressing the new types of international mobility. The focus will be on the current situation in the Czech Republic related to migration.migration, international mobility, high skilled professionals, brain drain, virtual mobility

MIgration in the Czech Republic in the context of new trends

Europe is an important target for rapidly increasing number of different migration flows. Most migrants are economically active and their main motivation for stay abroad is a job or a family reunion. New migration trends are present also in the Czech Republic which has changed from a transit country before 1990 into the country of destination for foreigners from various countries with different reasons for a stay. Nearly four percentage proportion of foreigners in the Czech society is slowly increasing. A specific nowadays phenomena is the migration of professionals and the brain drain issue. It is a challenge for the Czech Republic if to become an attractive country for highly skilled professionals who could assist with the development of society and increase of competitiveness.world migration and the CR; migration trends; foreigners in the CR

Kierkegaard on the reconciliation of conscience

Many authors have interpreted Kierkegaard’s thought as a dialectical tragedy whose inevitable outcome is the sinking of the self in the despair of an unreconcilable consciousness. It cannot be denied that there are in Kierkegaard certain intentional excesses that may seem to support this interpretation. However, there is also in his thought a totalizing intuition and a harmonic vision of human existence that unify the dialectical struggle of the self. The deepest intention of free becoming is personal identity that does not remain as a mere unattainable end but has its concrete fulfilment in the presence of the self before God and alongside others, through the unifying force of love.Fil: Binetti, María José. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Estudios de Género; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Pavlikova, Martina. Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra; Eslovaqui

Jehovah's Witnesses and Their Compliance with Regulations on Smoking and Blood Treatment

Jehovah’s Witnesses (JWs) are known as a religious group compliant with the national laws in the case of smoking, but not-compliant when it comes to blood treatment. Their beliefs prevent them from taking part in a blood transfusion, which is widely included in standard methods of a life-saving treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the behavior of JWs regarding their approach to blood treatment and to smoking in relation to legal regulations in the field of health. We measured JWs’ compliance with health laws regarding blood treatment and smoking (the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control—FCTC). We used the concept of a semi-autonomous social field by Moore and the theory of planned behavior developed by Ajzen. Our findings show that in the case of JWs, the group rules often prevail over state rules contained in generally-binding legislation. In the case of smoking, this means that they seem compliant to the FCTC and to their group rules. In the case of blood treatment, it seems that they are breaking the national rules, because of their group rules. Breaking the latter can result in exclusion from the JWs community. JWs are compliant with national laws as long as these are congruent with their own group rules. If this is not the case, the group influence is very strong and the fear of exclusion from the JW group is often greater than the potential negative health consequences in real life

The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in Slovakia and in Finland:one law, two different practices?

Background The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) was ratified in 2004 in Slovakia and in 2005 in Finland. The aim of this study was to compare the implementation of the FCTC in the national laws and policies regarding smoking in Finland and Slovakia. Methods In this case study the following areas are compared: the legal framework; the monitoring system and health promotion; treatment; and policies aimed at reducing tobacco consumption. We report on these in this order after a short historical introduction. Results The legal frameworks are similar in Slovakia and in Finland. Finland far exceeds the minimum legal requirements. Slovakian regulations reflect the FCTC requirements; however, social tolerance is very high. In Finland the monitoring system and health promotion are aimed more at tobacco consumption. Slovakia does not follow the surveillance plans recommended by WHO so strictly; often there are no current data available. No additional documents regarding the FCTC have been adopted in Slovakia. The financial contribution to treatment is very low. Slovakian tobacco control policy is more focused on repression than on prevention, in contrast to Finland. Smoking bans meet European standards. Excise duties rise regularly in both countries. Conclusion Implementation of the FCTC is at different levels in the compared countries. Finland has a clear plan for achieving the goal of a smoking-free country. Slovakia meets only the minimum standard required for fulfillment of its international obligations. Its policy should become more transparent by making more up-to-date data available

Peripherals close: a study of three peripheral municipalities and their neighbors

This work presents 3 case studies from the Czech Republic based on a long term qualitative research. The main issue under study is a description of peripheral municipalities and their neighbors in terms of everyday life, history and future of these places.periphery, village, interview, development