Burnout syndrome among preschool teachers in Serbia

Uvod: Sindrom sagorevanja je konceptualizovan kao rezultat hroničnog stresa na radnom mestu koji nije uspešno kontrolisan. Sve više se prepoznaje kao faktor koji utiče na zdravstveno stanje i ispituje se među različitim profesionalnim grupama. Postoji potreba za pouzdanim i validnim instrumentom za njegovo ispitivanje. Pedagoški rad smatra se jednim od stresnijih zanimanja, posebno rad sa decom predškolskog uzrasta. Vaspitači se pojavljuju kao profesionalna grupa od značaja u oblasti istraživanja sindroma sagorevanja, pa je cilj ove studije bio da se proceni validnost i pouzdanost srpske verzije Kopenhagen upitnika o sagorevanju na poslu; ispita prevalencija sindroma sagorevanja i faktori koji su sa njim povezani; i ispita učestalost depresije i anksioznosti među vaspitačima u predškolskim ustanovama i faktore povezane sa depresijom i anksioznošću. Materijali i metode: Istraživanje je dizajnirano po tipu studije preseka, sprovedeno između oktobra 2018. i aprila 2019. godine na nacionalnom reprezentativnom uzorku vaspitača u Srbiji. Instrument istraživanja je sadržao šest celina: socijalno–demografske i socijalno–ekonomske karakteristike; zdravlje i karakteristike stila života; karakteristike radne sredine; Kopenhagen upitnik o sagorevanju na poslu; Bekovu skalu depresije i Cungovu skalu anksioznosti. Kronbahov alfa koeficijent i intraklasni koeficijent korelacije su korišćeni za procenu unutrašnje konzistentnosti i test-retest pouzdanosti upitnika (Kopenhagen upitnik o sagorevanju na poslu) a validnost je ispitana korišćenjem eksplorativne i konfirmatorne faktorske analize. Razlike između ispitanika u grupi sa i bez sindroma sagorevanja ispitivane su uz pomoć Hi kvadrat testa za kvalitativne varijable, odnosno T-testa za numeričke varijable. Sve varijable koje su se pokazale značajnim su uvrštene u multivarijantni logistički regresioni model sa sindromom sagorevanja kao ishodnom varijablom. Rezultati: Učestalost sindroma sagorevanja na poslu iznosila je 27,1%. Učestalost sagorevanja po skalama Kopenhagen upitnika o sagorevanju na poslu bila je 25,4% za lično sagorevanje, 27,0% za sagorevanje povezano sa poslom i 23,4% za sagorevanje povezano sa decom. Prosečan skor za ukupno sagorevanje bio je 39,1 ± 17,0, dok je prosečan skor po skalama Kopenhagen upitnika o sagorevanju na poslu bio: 41,3 ± 18,7 za lično sagorevanje, 41,2 ± 15,9 za sagorevanje povezano sa poslom i 34,7 ± 22,0 za sagorevanje povezano sa decom. Kronbahov alfa koeficijent za celu skalu Kopenhagen upitnika o sagorevanju na poslu bio je 0,936. Kronbahov alfa koeficijent za skalu koja je ispitivala lično sagorevanje bio je 0,906, Kronbahov alfa koeficijent za skalu koja je ispitivala sagorevanje povezano sa poslom bio je 0,765, dok za skalu koja je ispitivala sagorevanje povezano sa decom bio je 0,901. Intraklasni koeficijent korelacije iznosio je 0,754. Multivarijantna logistička regresiona analiza sa sindromom sagorevanja kao ishodnom varijablom pokazala je da biti samac (OR: 0,18, 95% CI: 0,05 - 0,58), imati loše (OR: 6,05, 95% CI: 1,05 - 34,91) ili prosečno (OR: 3,60, 95% CI: 1,57 - 8,25) samoprocenjeno zdravlje, nedostupnost didaktičko - igrovnih sredstava (OR: 2,71, 95% CI: 1,21 - 6,04), viši skor na Bekovoj skali depresije (OR: 1,19, 95% CI: 1,09 - 1,29) ili Cungovoj skali anksioznosti (OR: 1,10, 95% CI: 1,03 - 1,18) je značajno povezano sa sindromom sagorevanja među ispitanicima. Zaključak: Kopenhagen upitnik o sagorevanju na poslu je pouzdan i validan instrument i može se koristiti u populaciji vaspitača. Učestalost sindroma sagorevanja na poslu među vaspitačima u Srbiji bila je 27,1%. Faktori povezani sa sindromom sagorevanja na poslu bili su bračni status, samoprocenjeno zdravlje, dostupnost didaktičko-igrovnih sredstava, skor na Cungovoj skali anksioznosti i skor na Bekovoj skali depresije. Svaki dvadeseti ispitanik imao je skor na Bekovoj skali depresije koji odgovara blagoj, umerenoj ili teškoj depresiji. Svaki dvadeseti ispitanik je imao simptome anksioznosti. Za svaki poen skora na Bekovoj skali depresije postojala je 19% veća verovatnoća za prisustvo simptoma anksioznosti.Introduction: Burnout syndrome is conceptualized as resulting from chronic workplace stress that has not been successfully managed. It is being increasingly recognized as a factor that affects the health status and is being examined among different professional groups. There is a need for a reliable and valid instrument for its examination. Pedagogical work is considered one of the most stressful occupations, especially work with preschool children. Preschool teachers are emerging as a professional group of interest in the area of burnout research, so the aim of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of the Serbian version of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory among preschool teachers in Serbia; to examine the prevalence of burnout syndrome and factors associated with it; and to examine the prevalence of depression and anxiety among preschool teachers and factors associated with depression and anxiety. Materials and Methods: The research is designed as cross-sectional study and it was conducted between October 2018 and April 2019 on a nationally representative sample of preschool teachers in Serbia. The research instrument contained six sections: socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the respondents; health and lifestyle characteristics; workplace characteristics; Copenhagen Burnout Inventory; the Beck Depression Inventory and the Zung Anxiety Scale. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the intraclass correlation coefficient were used to assess the internal consistency and test-retest the reliability of the questionnaire, while the construct validity was examined using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Differences between participants in the group with and without burnout syndrome were examined using the Chi-square test for qualitative variables, and the T-test for numerical variables. All variables that were significant were included in the multivariate logistic regression model, with burnout syndrome as the outcome variable. Results: The frequency of burnout syndrome at work was 27.1%. The frequency of burnout on the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory scale was 25.4% for personal burnout, 27.0% for work-related burnout, and 23.4% for children-related burnout. The average score on total burnout was 39.1 ± 17.0, while the average score per scales on the Copenhagen burnout inventory was: 41.3 ± 18.7 for personal burnout, 41.2 ± 15.9 for work-related burnout, and 34.7 ± 22.0 for children-related burnout. The Cronbach’s alpha for the entire scale was 0.936, the Cronbach’s alpha for the personal burnout scale was 0.906, and the Cronbach’s alpha for the work-related burnout scale was 0.765, while the Cronbach’s alpha for the children-related burnout scale was 0.901. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.754. The exploratory factor analysis for the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory showed three factors. The factor loadings varied from 0.575 to 0.859. The three factors explained 67.17% of the variance. Multivariate logistic regression analysis with burnout syndrome as an outcome variable showed that being single (OR: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.05-0.58), having poor (OR: 6.05, 95% CI: 1.05-34.91), or average (OR: 3.60, 95% CI: 1.57-8.25) self-rated health, not having didactic tools (OR: 2.71, 95% CI: 1.21-6.04), having a higher score on the Beck Depression Inventory (OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.09-1.29) or the Zung Anxiety Scale (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.03-1.18), was significantly associated with burnout syndrome among our participants. Conclusion: The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory is a reliable and valid instrument and can be used in the population of preschool teachers. The incidence of burnout syndrome among preschool teachers in Serbia was 27.1%. Factors associated with burnout syndrome were marital status, self-assessed health, availability of didactic tools, the score on the Zung Anxiety Scale, and the score on the Beck Depression Inventory. Every twentieth participant had a score on the Beck Depression Inventory corresponding to mild, moderate or severe depression. Every twentieth participant had symptoms of anxiety. For every point on the Beck Depression Inventory, there was a 19% higher probability for anxiety symptoms

THE SEXUALITY OF SEX WORKERS: SEXUAL AROUSABILITY AND THE SEXUAL PROFILE OF WOMEN ENGAGED IN PROSTITUTION IN SERBIA

Background: In a view of sex work being a sexual behavioural activity, the main objective of our research was to explore the sexuality of sex workers in Serbia regarding to intensity of their sexual arousability. Subjects and methods: The research was conducted on 30 sex workers and 30 controls of randomly selected social and demographic characteristics, without any signs of psychiatric morbidity. For the evaluation of the intensity of sexual arousability, SAI (Sexual Arousability Index) questionnaire was used. Results: The analysis of the main total scores of the SAI for the sex workers and control participants showed no statistically significant difference in the overall intensity of arousability (p>0.05). However, item by item analysis of the questionnaire showed qualitative difference in sexuality between sex workers and controls, related to certain aspects of sexuality. Conclusions: These findings allow the space for further research in the way of identifying origins of qualitative issues in the sexual profile of sex workers, in correlation to women who are not sex workers, i.e. whether they had been result of potential biological, specific psychodynamic factors, or have been formed as a result of the direct influence of the sex work

Sindrom izgaranja u odgajatelja djece predškolske dobi u Srbiji

Pedagogical work, especially with preschool children, is one of the most stressful professions, and the incidence of stress-related illnesses among preschool teachers is higher than in the general population. The aim of this cross-sectional study, conducted between October 2018 and April 2019, was to examine the prevalence of the burnout syndrome in a representative sample of 482 preschool teachers in Serbia and the factors associated with it. For this purpose, the participants completed a questionnaire composed of six sections: the sociodemographic and socio-economic characteristics, health and lifestyle characteristics, workplace and employment characteristics; Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI); Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). The frequency of the total burnout was 27.1 %. The frequency of burnout on the CBI was 25.4 % for personal burnout, 27.0 % for work-related burnout, and 23.4 % for client-related burnout. Multivariate logistic regression analysis with total burnout as an outcome variable showed that being single (OR: 0.18; 95 % CI: 0.05–0.58), having poor (OR: 6.05; 95 % CI: 1.05–34.91), or average (OR: 3.60; 95 % CI: 1.57–8.25) self-rated health, not having didactic/play tools (OR: 2.71; 95 % CI: 1.21–6.04), having a higher score on the BDI (OR: 1.19; 95 % CI: 1.09–1.29) or SAS (OR: 1.10; 95 % CI: 1.03–1.18) was significantly associated with the total burnout among our participants. Our study shows the worryingly high prevalence of the burnout syndrome among preschool teachers in Serbia and points to its association with mental health issues, depression, and anxiety.Pedagoški rad, posebice s djecom predškolske dobi, jedno je od najstresnijih zanimanja. Učestalost bolesti povezanih sa stresom veća je među odgajateljima nego u općoj populaciji. Cilj ovoga presječnog ispitivanja, provedenog od listopada 2018. do travnja 2019., bio je ispitati prevalenciju sindroma izgaranja na reprezentativnom uzorku od 482 odgajatelja u Srbiji i s tim povezane čimbenike. Sudionici su ispunjavali upitnik sastavljen od šest dijelova: sociodemografske i socioekonomske karakteristike, karakteristike zdravlja i stila života, karakteristike radnog mjesta i zaposlenja; Kopenhaški upitnik o izgaranju (Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, krat. CBI); Beckov upitnik o depresiji (Beck Depression Inventory, krat. BDI) i Zungova ljestvica za samoprocjenu anksioznosti (Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, krat. SAS). Učestalost ukupnog izgaranja bila je 27,1 %. Učestalost izgaranja na CBI-ju bila je 25,4% za osobno izgaranje, 27,0 % za izgaranje na poslu i 23,4 % za izgaranje povezano s klijentima. Multivarijatna logistička regresijska analiza s ukupnim izgaranjem kao ishodnom varijablom pokazala je da su biti samac/samica (OR: 0,18; 95 % CI: 0,05–0,58), loše ili prosječno zdravlje (OR: 6,05; 95 % CI: 1,05–34,91 odnosno OR: 3,60; 95 % CI: 1,57–8,25), neposjedovanje didaktičkih sredstava/sredstava za igru (OR: 2,71; 95 % CI: 1,21–6,04) te viša ocjena depresije (OR: 1,19; 95 % CI: 1,09–1,29) ili SAS (OR: 1,10; 95 % CI: 1,03–1,18) bili značajno povezani s ukupnim izgaranjem među našim sudionicima. Naše ispitivanje pokazuje zabrinjavajuće visoku prevalenciju sindroma izgaranja među odgajateljima u Srbiji i upozorava na njegovu povezanost s problemima mentalnog zdravlja, depresijom i anksioznošću

Burnout syndrome among preschool teachers in Serbia

Uvod: Sindrom sagorevanja je konceptualizovan kao rezultat hroničnog stresa na radnom mestu koji nije uspešno kontrolisan. Sve više se prepoznaje kao faktor koji utiče na zdravstveno stanje i ispituje se među različitim profesionalnim grupama. Postoji potreba za pouzdanim i validnim instrumentom za njegovo ispitivanje. Pedagoški rad smatra se jednim od stresnijih zanimanja, posebno rad sa decom predškolskog uzrasta. Vaspitači se pojavljuju kao profesionalna grupa od značaja u oblasti istraživanja sindroma sagorevanja, pa je cilj ove studije bio da se proceni validnost i pouzdanost srpske verzije Kopenhagen upitnika o sagorevanju na poslu; ispita prevalencija sindroma sagorevanja i faktori koji su sa njim povezani; i ispita učestalost depresije i anksioznosti među vaspitačima u predškolskim ustanovama i faktore povezane sa depresijom i anksioznošću. Materijali i metode: Istraživanje je dizajnirano po tipu studije preseka, sprovedeno između oktobra 2018. i aprila 2019. godine na nacionalnom reprezentativnom uzorku vaspitača u Srbiji. Instrument istraživanja je sadržao šest celina: socijalno–demografske i socijalno–ekonomske karakteristike; zdravlje i karakteristike stila života; karakteristike radne sredine; Kopenhagen upitnik o sagorevanju na poslu; Bekovu skalu depresije i Cungovu skalu anksioznosti. Kronbahov alfa koeficijent i intraklasni koeficijent korelacije su korišćeni za procenu unutrašnje konzistentnosti i test-retest pouzdanosti upitnika (Kopenhagen upitnik o sagorevanju na poslu) a validnost je ispitana korišćenjem eksplorativne i konfirmatorne faktorske analize. Razlike između ispitanika u grupi sa i bez sindroma sagorevanja ispitivane su uz pomoć Hi kvadrat testa za kvalitativne varijable, odnosno T-testa za numeričke varijable. Sve varijable koje su se pokazale značajnim su uvrštene u multivarijantni logistički regresioni model sa sindromom sagorevanja kao ishodnom varijablom. Rezultati: Učestalost sindroma sagorevanja na poslu iznosila je 27,1%. Učestalost sagorevanja po skalama Kopenhagen upitnika o sagorevanju na poslu bila je 25,4% za lično sagorevanje, 27,0% za sagorevanje povezano sa poslom i 23,4% za sagorevanje povezano sa decom. Prosečan skor za ukupno sagorevanje bio je 39,1 ± 17,0, dok je prosečan skor po skalama Kopenhagen upitnika o sagorevanju na poslu bio: 41,3 ± 18,7 za lično sagorevanje, 41,2 ± 15,9 za sagorevanje povezano sa poslom i 34,7 ± 22,0 za sagorevanje povezano sa decom. Kronbahov alfa koeficijent za celu skalu Kopenhagen upitnika o sagorevanju na poslu bio je 0,936. Kronbahov alfa koeficijent za skalu koja je ispitivala lično sagorevanje bio je 0,906, Kronbahov alfa koeficijent za skalu koja je ispitivala sagorevanje povezano sa poslom bio je 0,765, dok za skalu koja je ispitivala sagorevanje povezano sa decom bio je 0,901. Intraklasni koeficijent korelacije iznosio je 0,754. Multivarijantna logistička regresiona analiza sa sindromom sagorevanja kao ishodnom varijablom pokazala je da biti samac (OR: 0,18, 95% CI: 0,05 - 0,58), imati loše (OR: 6,05, 95% CI: 1,05 - 34,91) ili prosečno (OR: 3,60, 95% CI: 1,57 - 8,25) samoprocenjeno zdravlje, nedostupnost didaktičko - igrovnih sredstava (OR: 2,71, 95% CI: 1,21 - 6,04), viši skor na Bekovoj skali depresije (OR: 1,19, 95% CI: 1,09 - 1,29) ili Cungovoj skali anksioznosti (OR: 1,10, 95% CI: 1,03 - 1,18) je značajno povezano sa sindromom sagorevanja među ispitanicima. Zaključak: Kopenhagen upitnik o sagorevanju na poslu je pouzdan i validan instrument i može se koristiti u populaciji vaspitača. Učestalost sindroma sagorevanja na poslu među vaspitačima u Srbiji bila je 27,1%. Faktori povezani sa sindromom sagorevanja na poslu bili su bračni status, samoprocenjeno zdravlje, dostupnost didaktičko-igrovnih sredstava, skor na Cungovoj skali anksioznosti i skor na Bekovoj skali depresije. Svaki dvadeseti ispitanik imao je skor na Bekovoj skali depresije koji odgovara blagoj, umerenoj ili teškoj depresiji. Svaki dvadeseti ispitanik je imao simptome anksioznosti. Za svaki poen skora na Bekovoj skali depresije postojala je 19% veća verovatnoća za prisustvo simptoma anksioznosti.Introduction: Burnout syndrome is conceptualized as resulting from chronic workplace stress that has not been successfully managed. It is being increasingly recognized as a factor that affects the health status and is being examined among different professional groups. There is a need for a reliable and valid instrument for its examination. Pedagogical work is considered one of the most stressful occupations, especially work with preschool children. Preschool teachers are emerging as a professional group of interest in the area of burnout research, so the aim of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of the Serbian version of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory among preschool teachers in Serbia; to examine the prevalence of burnout syndrome and factors associated with it; and to examine the prevalence of depression and anxiety among preschool teachers and factors associated with depression and anxiety. Materials and Methods: The research is designed as cross-sectional study and it was conducted between October 2018 and April 2019 on a nationally representative sample of preschool teachers in Serbia. The research instrument contained six sections: socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the respondents; health and lifestyle characteristics; workplace characteristics; Copenhagen Burnout Inventory; the Beck Depression Inventory and the Zung Anxiety Scale. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the intraclass correlation coefficient were used to assess the internal consistency and test-retest the reliability of the questionnaire, while the construct validity was examined using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Differences between participants in the group with and without burnout syndrome were examined using the Chi-square test for qualitative variables, and the T-test for numerical variables. All variables that were significant were included in the multivariate logistic regression model, with burnout syndrome as the outcome variable. Results: The frequency of burnout syndrome at work was 27.1%. The frequency of burnout on the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory scale was 25.4% for personal burnout, 27.0% for work-related burnout, and 23.4% for children-related burnout. The average score on total burnout was 39.1 ± 17.0, while the average score per scales on the Copenhagen burnout inventory was: 41.3 ± 18.7 for personal burnout, 41.2 ± 15.9 for work-related burnout, and 34.7 ± 22.0 for children-related burnout. The Cronbach’s alpha for the entire scale was 0.936, the Cronbach’s alpha for the personal burnout scale was 0.906, and the Cronbach’s alpha for the work-related burnout scale was 0.765, while the Cronbach’s alpha for the children-related burnout scale was 0.901. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.754. The exploratory factor analysis for the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory showed three factors. The factor loadings varied from 0.575 to 0.859. The three factors explained 67.17% of the variance. Multivariate logistic regression analysis with burnout syndrome as an outcome variable showed that being single (OR: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.05-0.58), having poor (OR: 6.05, 95% CI: 1.05-34.91), or average (OR: 3.60, 95% CI: 1.57-8.25) self-rated health, not having didactic tools (OR: 2.71, 95% CI: 1.21-6.04), having a higher score on the Beck Depression Inventory (OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.09-1.29) or the Zung Anxiety Scale (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.03-1.18), was significantly associated with burnout syndrome among our participants. Conclusion: The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory is a reliable and valid instrument and can be used in the population of preschool teachers. The incidence of burnout syndrome among preschool teachers in Serbia was 27.1%. Factors associated with burnout syndrome were marital status, self-assessed health, availability of didactic tools, the score on the Zung Anxiety Scale, and the score on the Beck Depression Inventory. Every twentieth participant had a score on the Beck Depression Inventory corresponding to mild, moderate or severe depression. Every twentieth participant had symptoms of anxiety. For every point on the Beck Depression Inventory, there was a 19% higher probability for anxiety symptoms

The Validity and Reliability of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory for Examination of Burnout among Preschool Teachers in Serbia

Introduction: Burnout syndrome is being increasingly recognized as a factor that affects the health status and is being examined among different professional groups. Consequently, there is a need for a reliable and valid instrument for its examination. Teachers are emerging as a professional group of interest in the area of burnout research, so the aim of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of the Serbian version of Copenhagen burnout inventory among teachers at preschool institutions in Serbia. Materials and Methods: This research was conducted as a cross-sectional study between October 2018 and April 2019 on a nationally representative sample of preschool teachers in Serbia. The internal consistency of the scale was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha, and the construct validity was examined using exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA). Results: The average score on total burnout was 39.1 ± 17.0, while the average score per scales on the Copenhagen burnout inventory was: 41.3 ± 18.7 for personal burnout, 41.2 ± 15.9 for work-related burnout, and 34.7 ± 22.0 for client-related burnout. The Cronbach’s alpha for the entire scale was 0.936, the Cronbach’s alpha for the personal burnout scale was 0.906, and the Cronbach’s alpha for the work-related burnout scale was 0.765, while the Cronbach’s alpha for the client-related burnout scale was 0.901. The EFA for the CBI showed three factors. The factor loadings varied from 0.575 to 0.859. The three factors explained 67.17% of the variance. Conclusions: Our study showed that the three-factor Serbian version of the Copenhagen burnout inventory can be used for the assessment of burnout syndrome among teachers

Factors Associated with the Leisure-Time Physical Activity (LTPA) during the First Trimester of the Pregnancy: The Cross-Sectional Study among Pregnant Women in Serbia

Background: The benefits of physical activity during pregnancy include lower maternal weight gain, a lower likelihood of gestational diabetes, low back pain, preeclampsia, preterm delivery, caesarian delivery, and macrosomia. This study aimed to examine the factors associated with insufficient leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) during the first trimester. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Clinic for Obstetrics and Gynecology of Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, between January and June of 2018. The final analyses included 162/175 pregnant women. The questionnaire was used to obtain social characteristics, pregnancy, and lifestyle characteristics (Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System—PRAMS), pre-pregnancy LTPA (International Physical Activity Questionnaire—IPAQ), and LTPA during the first trimester (Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire—PPAQ). Women were classified into two groups of sufficient and insufficient LTPA during the first trimester based on the recommendations of the World Health Organization. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied. Results: A total of 27.2% of the women had insufficient LTPA during pregnancy. Insufficient LTPA during pregnancy was associated with <12 years of education (OR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.05–5.04), self-rated financial status as poor (OR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.14–0.79), and hours spent walking before pregnancy (OR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.77–0.99). Conclusions: Our results can help direct health care professionals advice for women who are planning pregnancy towards walking as it seems to be sustained during pregnancy

Validation of the Study Burnout Inventory and the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory for the use among medical students

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of the Serbian versions of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) and the Study Burnout Inventory (SBI) among fifth-year medical students at 5 universities in Serbia.Material and MethodsThe study included 573 fifthyear medical students at 5 universities in Serbia. The research instrument consisted of SBI and CBI. The reliability of these instruments was assessed using an internal consistency measure (Cronbach’s α), an intra-class coefficient (ICC) and factor analysis.ResultsCronbach’s α for SBI was 0.83, including for exhaustion 0.73, for cynicism 0.70, and for inadequacy 0.48. The test-retest reliability (ICC) was 0.75. Cronbach’s α for personal burnout on CBI was 0.89, for the faculty-related burnout 0.86, and for the faculty-members-related burnout 0.92. Cronbach’s α for CBI was 0.93. The factor analysis for SBI showed 2 factors and for CBI 3 factors.ConclusionsThis study revealed that the Serbian versions of both SBI and CBI could be used for the assessment of burnout in this population

Trends of the Prevalence of Pre-gestational Diabetes in 2030 and 2050 in Belgrade Cohort

The aim of this study was to analyze the trends in diabetes in pregnancy in Belgrade, Serbia for the period of the past decade and forecast the number of women with pre-gestational diabetes for the years 2030 and 2050. The study included the data on all pregnant women with diabetes from the registry of the deliveries in Belgrade, by the City Institute of Public Health of Belgrade, Serbia for the period between 2010 and 2020 and the published data on the deliveries on the territory of Belgrade. During the examined period the total number of live births in Belgrade was 196,987, and the prevalence of diabetes in pregnancy was 3.4%, with the total prevalence of pre-gestational diabetes of 0.7% and overall prevalence of GDM of 2.7%. The average age of women in our study was significantly lower in 2010 compared to 2020. The forecasted prevalence of pre-gestational diabetes among all pregnant women for 2030 is 2% and 4% for 2050 in our cohort. Our study showed that the prevalence of pre-gestational diabetes has increased both among all pregnant women and among women with diabetes in pregnancy in the past decade in Belgrade, Serbia and that it is expected to increase further in the next decades and to further double by 2050