ANALYSIS OF POSSIBLE GEODETIC APPROACHES FOR 3D MODEL CREATION IN BIM

The topic of this paper is the description and analysis of technologies for generating a geometric basis for BIM. The main element is an analysis of the capabilities of mobile laser scanning and the outputs of this method compared to other methods. The selected interior space was measured by different technologies, laser scanning, classical geodetic using total station, and manual measurement. The main device tested was the ZEB-REVO. It is a handheld mobile laser scanner, carried by an operator. It has a range of 40 m, with the accuracy in measured lengths is 1–3cm per 10 m depending on the type of surface. The scanning speed is 43,000 points per second. The device is equipped with an inertial measurement unit (IMU) and uses SLAM technology for trajectory definition. The device does not have a camera in the simplest configuration and the operator cannot monitor the scanning status. Nevertheless, measurement with this scanner is very simple. The instrument is mainly used for surveying construction objects, but it can be advantageously used for documentation of underground spaces or in e.g., forestry for defining DBH or volume of stockpiles. This device is not equipped with a GNSS unit, and the typical scanning time is 20–30 min without model deformation. Accuracy and output analysis was performed for all technologies used. The results are presented in tables and show the suitability of PLS (personal laser scanner) in general

DIFFERENT DATA JOINING AS A BASIC MODEL FOR HBIM – A CASE PROJECT ST. PATALEIMON IN SKOPJE

H-BIM (Heritage Building Information Modelling) is principle and system of use of historic buildings that can be used for the management, reconstruction or renovation and restoration of monuments. It is a set of geometric and descriptive information about a building. In the last decade, several historical objects were documented using modern methods, mainly advanced photogrammetrical and laser technologies, for a wide range of users to get benefits from economically, safety, presentation, and life cycle management of historical buildings. The rapid development in geomatics is possible thanks to advanced technologies of data capturing, sufficient capacity of computer technology and transmission and information networks. The most used technologies are terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), personal laser scanning (PLS) or mobile mapping systems (MMS), terrestrial or aerial drone based close-range digital photogrammetry (using SfM – structure from motion technology and MVS – multi view stereo). Today’s modern advanced technologies allow geometrical and textural data collection within a few centimetres’ accuracy outside and inside infrastructure by various methods of PLS, photogrammetrical SfM and TLS. In terms of object visualisation, VR or AR (virtual or augmented reality) technology is proving to be suitable. The following text discusses the use of geomatics technologies for the creation of H-BIM on the example of a cultural monument in Skopje, North Macedonia, including visualization in virtual reality (VR)

Serum hyaluronic acid as a potential marker with a predictive value for further radiographic progression of hand osteoarthritis

SummaryObjectiveTo compare serum levels of hyaluronic acid (HA) between patients with erosive and non-erosive hand osteoarthritis (HOA), and investigate its association with morphological changes and radiographic progression over 2 years.MethodsFifty-five women with erosive and 33 women with non-erosive HOA were included in this study. All underwent clinical examination, which included assessment of pain, swelling, deformity and deviation of small hand joints and completed health assessment questionnaires. Serum levels of HA were measured by ELISA. Three-phase bone scintigraphy was performed at baseline. Radiographs of both hands were performed at baseline and after 2 years and scored according Kallman grading scale.ResultsSerum levels of HA were significantly higher in patients with erosive than with non-erosive HOA (P<0.01). It correlated significantly with the number of hand joints with deviations and deformities. HA adjusted for age and disease duration significantly correlated with radiographs at baseline and after 2 years in all patients with HOA (r=0.560 and r=0.542, P<0.01 for both correlations). Although there was an association between HA and radiographic score in erosive disease, after adjustment for confounders it remained no longer significant. HA adjusted for confounders correlated significantly with the late phase in all patients with HOA (r=0.412, P<0.01) and in patients with erosive disease (r=0.320, P<0.05).ConclusionHA is increased in patients with erosive HOA and could be proposed as a surrogate marker with a predictive value for further radiographic progression of HOA in general. Further investigation is necessary to confirm these results

Single, intra-articular treatment with 6 ml hylan G-F 20 in patients with symptomatic primary osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomised, multicentre, double-blind, placebo controlled trial

International audienceObjectives: The primary objective was to compare a single, 6 ml, intra-articular injection of hylan G-F 20 with placebo in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. The safety of a repeat injection of hylan G-F 20 was also assessed. Methods: Patients with primary osteoarthritis knee pain were randomly assigned to arthrocentesis plus a 6 ml intra-articular injection of either hylan G-F 20 or placebo in a prospective, double-blind (one injector/one blinded observer) study. Results were evaluated at 4, 8, 12, 18 and 26 weeks post-injection. The primary outcome criterion was change from baseline over 26 weeks in Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) Osteoarthritis Index A pain. Secondary outcome measures included WOMAC A1 and C, patient global assessment (PGA) and clinical observer global assessment (COGA) and Outcome Measures in Rheumatology, Osteoarthritis Research Society International responder rates. A 4-week, open, repeat treatment phase evaluated safety only. Results: A total of 253 patients (Kellgren-Lawrence grade II or III) was randomly assigned. Patients receiving hylan G-F 20 experienced statistically significantly greater improvements in WOMAC A pain scores (-0.15, SE 0.076, p=0.047), and several of the secondary outcome measures (WOMAC A1, PGA and COGA), than patients receiving placebo. There was no difference between the safety results of the two groups. No increased risk of local adverse events was observed in the open, repeat treatment phase. Conclusions: This placebo-controlled study demonstrated that, in patients with knee osteoarthritis, a single 6 ml intra-articular injection of hylan G-F 20 is safe and effective in providing statistically significant, clinically relevant pain relief over 26 weeks, with a modest difference versus placebo

Commentary: osteoarthritis of the knee and glucosamine

peer reviewe

Metastasis-inducing S100A4 protein is associated with the disease activity of rheumatoid arthritis

Objectives. To evaluate the association between metastasis-inducing protein S100A4 and disease activity in patients with RA, and to demonstrate the effect of TNF-alpha blocking therapy on plasma levels of S100A4 in these patients. Methods. Plasma levels of the S100A4 protein were analysed in 40 anti-TNF-alpha naive patients with active RA. Of the 40 patients, 25 were treated with adalimumab and monitored over time. The conformational form of S100A4 was analysed using size-exclusion gel chromatography. TNF-alpha mRNA expression and protein synthesis were analysed by RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. Results. Baseline levels of S100A4 were significantly correlated with disease activity in RA patients (r = 0.41; P < 0.01). After 12 weeks of treatment with adalimumab, there was an obvious shift in the conformations of S100A4 from the multimeric to the dimeric forms, whereas the total levels of the S100A4 protein remained unchanged. This suggests that the bioactive (multimer) S100A4 may decline in response to successful treatment with adalimumab. In addition, we showed significant up-regulation of TNF-alpha mRNA (P < 0.01), and protein release to the cell culture medium of monocytes stimulated with the S100A4 multimer compared with those treated with the dimer and to the unstimulated monocytes (P < 0.001). Conclusions. This is the first study to show that the levels of the S100A4 protein are correlated with RA disease activity. Furthermore, only the bioactive form, but not the total amount of S100A4, decreases after successful TNF-alpha blocking therapy in patients with RA. These data support an important role for the S100A4 multimer in the pathogenesis of R