ON THE SPEED OF SOUND IN STEAM

A study of the speed of sound in a pure water substance is presented here. The IAPWS data on the state of water and steam are applied only for investigating the speed of sound for a one-phase medium. A special numerical model for investigating the parameters of shock waves in steam is presented here and is applied for investigating extremely weak waves to obtain velocities representing the speed of sound in both one-phase and two-phase steam. Problems with the speed of sound in two-phase steam are discussed, and three types of speed of sound are derived for the metastable region of wet steam

Comparison of the carbohydrate content in apples and carrots grown in organic and integrated farming systems

The aim of this study was to compare some quality parameters of apples and carrots from organic and integrated farming systems. In addition, the cultivars of carrots were grown in two plant densities (600 or 900 thousand plants per hectare). The fructose, glucose, saccharose and dry matter content of seven apple cultivars (Florina, Zvonkové, Topaz, Šampion, Ontario, Melrose and Idared) and two carrot cultivars (Afalon F1 and Cortina F1) were analysed by HPLC and gravimetric methods, respectively. Significant differences were found between organic and integrated apple samples. The interactions between cultivars and farming methods were also significant (p <0.0001). The dry matter and sugar level tendencies were not the same for all apple cultivars. Conversely, more consistent data were obtained for the two carrot cultivars. The bio carrots of both cultivars showed significantly lower dry matter content (p = 0.0004) and higher carbohydrate content (pfructose = 0.0303, pglucose = 0.0003, psucrose = 0.0083) than the samples from integrated production. Other factors like cultivar and plant density also played an important role in sugar content in carrots. Different densities of plants significantly affected the glucose content (p = 0.0373). Cultivar Aftalon F1 showed higher concentration of monosaccharides compared to Cortina F1 (pfructose = 0.0001 and pglucose <0.0001)

Effect of Double-Step and Strain-Assisted Tempering on Properties of Medium-Carbon Steel

The present work aimed to study the properties of medium-carbon steel during tempering treatment and to present the strength increase of medium-carbon spring steels by strain-assisted tempering (SAT). The effect of double-step tempering and double-step tempering with rotary swaging, also known as SAT, on the mechanical properties and microstructure was investigated. The main goal was to achieve a further enhancement of the strength of medium-carbon steels using SAT treatment. The microstructure consists of tempered martensite with transition carbides in both cases. The yield strength of the DT sample is 1656 MPa, while that of the SAT sample is about 400 MPa higher. On the contrary, plastic properties such as the elongation and reduction in area have lower values after SAT processing, about 3% and 7%, respectively, compared to the DT treatment. Grain boundary strengthening from low-angle grain boundaries can be attributed to the increase in strength. Based on X-ray diffraction analysis, a lower dislocation strengthening contribution was determined for the SAT sample compared to the double-step tempered sample

Analysis of use of marketing communication mix of a selected organisation

Předložená práce je zaměřená na analyzování šíře a kvality marketingového komunikačního mixu u čtyř subjektů, které v Praze produkují muzikálová představení. Teoretická část vymezuje marketingový komunikační mix a oblast muzikálového divadla na území České republiky. V praktické části je sestaven soubor hodnocených prvků marketingového komunikačního mixu. Poté byly prvky zanalyzovány pomocí čtyř metod. U dvou z nich jsou použity subjektivně určené váhy. Pro oblast interaktivního marketingu bylo provedeno srovnání kvality webových stránek. Výsledky byly vztaženy k obsazenosti sálu a na samém závěru byly navrženy oblasti, ve kterých by jednotlivé produkce měli provést úpravu svého marketingového komunikačního mixu.ObhájenoThe thesis is aimed on the analysis of quality and breadth of marketing communication mix of four subjects, that they produce musical performances in Prague. The theoretical part defines marketing communication mix and area of musical theatre in the Czech Republic. In the practical part, there is composed a set of analysed items of marketing communication mix. Then were items analysed by four methods. Two of them are determined by subjectively settled weights. In the part of an interactive marketing we have processed a comparison of quality of websites. Results were compared with the capacity of theatre hall. At the end of a thesis were presented recommendations, where the production should make corrections of marketing communication mix

ComplexTrans / railcar: passenger compartment

Bakalářská práce obsahuje rešerši dvoupodlažních železničních vozů a legislativních požadavků na interiéry železničních vozů. Dále jsou zde s ohledem na požadavky projektu ComplexTrans stanoveny rozměry skříně vozu, parametry a uspořádání jednotlivých kupé a rámcově navrženy hlavní prvky interiéru. Model a výkresy jsou vytvořeny v softwaru Creo Parametric.ObhájenoThe bachelor's thesis contains a research of double-decker railway cars and legislative requirements for interiors of railways cars. Furthermore, there are determined dimensions of the car body, parameters and arrangement of individual coupes. There are also designed the main interior elements of coupes. All of that is determined with regard to the requirements of the ComplexTrans project. The model and technical drawings are created in Creo Parametric software

Assessment of the structural design of a steel structure with regart to different approaches to dimensioning

Diplomová práce obsahuje srovnání dvou přístupů k dimenzování ocelových konstrukcí - metoda mezních stavů a metoda dovolených napětí. Srovnání je zde provedeno formou rešerše a aplikací na konkrétním příkladu. Modely, výpočty a výkresy jsou vytvořeny pomocí programů Dlubal Rstab, Fin Ec a Siemens NX.ObhájenoDiploma thesis discusses the comparison of two approaches to the calculation of steel structures - the limit state method and the permissible stress method. The comparison is made by means of a research and application to a concrete example. Models, calculations and drawings are created using Dlubal Rstab, Fin Ec, Siemens NX and AutoCad

Assessment of the structural design of a steel structure with regart to different approaches to dimensioning

Diplomová práce obsahuje srovnání dvou přístupů k dimenzování ocelových konstrukcí - metoda mezních stavů a metoda dovolených napětí. Srovnání je zde provedeno formou rešerše a aplikací na konkrétním příkladu. Modely, výpočty a výkresy jsou vytvořeny pomocí programů Dlubal Rstab, Fin Ec a Siemens NX.ObhájenoDiploma thesis discusses the comparison of two approaches to the calculation of steel structures - the limit state method and the permissible stress method. The comparison is made by means of a research and application to a concrete example. Models, calculations and drawings are created using Dlubal Rstab, Fin Ec, Siemens NX and AutoCad

Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Cinnamon, Thyme, Oregano and Clove Essential Oils Against Plant Pathogenic Bacteria

Essential oils are volatile substances from plants and many of them have antimicrobial activity. For that reason, they have become known as a useful alternative to chemical preservatives and pesticides. In this study, we tested essential oils of four aromatic plants. Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), thyme (Thymus vulgaris), oregano (Origanum vulgare) and clove (Syzygium aromaticum) essential oils were investigated for their composition and antimicrobial effect against plant pathogenic bacteria (Pectobacterium spp. and Pseudomonas spp.). Both are commonly associated with diseased fruit trees in orchards and gardens. The chemical composition of the tested essential oils was identified by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The cinnamon essential oil was most effective form tested oil. The experimental results indicated that the wild strains of tested bacteria are more resistant to essential oils than commonly used laboratory strains. In conclusion, certain essential oils could be used for the control of postharvest bacterial pathogens. The findings of the present study suggest that the essential oils have a potential to be used as antimicrobial agents

Using Cluster Analysis for Image Processing in High Speed Video Laryngoscopy

This paper summarizes findings related to the problematics of glottis detection in video sequences obtained by medical examination of vocal cords by high speed videolaryngoscopy (HSV). The glottis detection is based on cluster analysis method K-means which complements the existing set of segmentation methods used in detection algorithms. This method has been tested on a large corpus of HSV sequences from clinical practice on ENT department