Long-term impact of the low-FODMAP diet on gastrointestinal symptoms, dietary intake, patient acceptability, and healthcare utilization in irritable bowel syndrome

Background: The low-FODMAP diet is a frequently used treatment for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Most research has focused on short-term FODMAP restriction; however, guidelines recommend that high-FODMAP foods are reintroduced to individual tolerance. This study aimed to assess the long-term effectiveness of the low-FODMAP diet following FODMAP reintroduction in IBS patients. Methods: Patients with IBS were prospectively recruited to a questionnaire study following completion of dietitian-led low-FODMAP education. At baseline and following FODMAP restriction (short term) only, gastrointestinal symptoms were measured as part of routine clinical care. Following FODMAP reintroduction, (long term), symptoms, dietary intake, acceptability, food-related quality of life (QOL), and healthcare utilization were assessed. Data were reported for patients who continued long-term FODMAP restriction (adapted FODMAP) and/or returned to a habitual diet (habitual). Key Results: Of 103 patients, satisfactory relief of symptoms was reported in 12% at baseline, 61% at short-term follow-up, and 57% at long-term follow-up. At long-term follow-up, 84 (82%) patients continued an ‘adapted FODMAP’ diet (total FODMAP intake mean 20.6, SD 14.9\ua0g/d) compared with 19 (18%) of patients following a ‘habitual’ diet (29.4, SD 22.9\ua0g/d, P=.039). Nutritional adequacy was not compromised for either group. The ‘adapted FODMAP’ group reported the diet cost significantly more than the ‘habitual’ group (

Gene expression changes for ATM/ATR signaling pathway in STG (BA22) during progression of dementia (as a function of CDR).

<p>MDM4, ATM and ATR gene expression levels were significantly different in questionable-mild (CDR 0.5-1, light gray bars) and severe (CDR 2-5, dark gray bars) dementia groups relative to control group (black bars). REVs- relative expression values; * -p<0.05; ** -p≤0.01.</p

Most relevant common and unique gene networks in the STG (BA22) derived from MetaCore analysis by comparing groups of cognitively impaired individuals with cognitively intact controls (CDR = 0).

<p>a Size = number of selected nodes (genes);</p><p>b Pathways = number of MetaCore pathways recognized within network and.</p><p>c G-score = ranks gene networks and based on the enrichment of expressed genes within the network, which is additionally modified with the saturation of the canonical pathways.</p><p>Cell cycle related networks highlighted in bold font.</p

Cycle Checkpoint Abnormalities during Dementia: A Plausible Association with the Loss of Protection against Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer’s Disease

<div><p>Background</p><p>Increasing evidence suggests an association between neuronal cell cycle (CCL) events and the processes that underlie neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Elevated levels of oxidative stress markers and mitochondrial dysfunction are also among early events in AD. Recent studies have reported the role of CCL checkpoint proteins and tumor suppressors, such as ATM and p53 in the control of glycolysis and oxidative metabolism in cancer, but their involvement in AD remains uncertain.</p><p>Methods and Findings</p><p>In this postmortem study, we measured gene expression levels of eight CCL checkpoint proteins in the superior temporal cortex (STC) of persons with varying severities of AD dementia and compare them to those of cognitively normal controls. To assess whether the CCL changes associated with cognitive impairment in AD are specific to dementia, gene expression of the same proteins was also measured in STC of persons with schizophrenia (SZ), which is also characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction. The expression of CCL-checkpoint and DNA damage response genes: MDM4, ATM and ATR was strongly upregulated and associated with progression of dementia (cognitive dementia rating, CDR), appearing as early as questionable or mild dementia (CDRs 0.5–1). In addition to gene expression changes, the downstream target of ATM-p53 signaling - TIGAR, a p53-inducible protein, the activation of which can regulate energy metabolism and protect against oxidative stress was progressively decreased as severity of dementia evolved, but it was unaffected in subjects with SZ. In contrast to AD, different CCL checkpoint proteins, which include p53, CHEK1 and BRCA1 were significantly downregulated in SZ.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>These results support the activation of an ATM signaling and DNA damage response network during the progression of AD dementia, while the progressive decrease in the levels of TIGAR suggests loss of protection initiated by ATM-p53 signaling against intensifying oxidative stress in AD.</p></div

The mitotic cell cycle checkpoint gene network generated by the MetaCore and overlaid with the color coded gene expression changes during dementia.

<p>(red – upregulation; blue – downregulation; combination red/blue – differential effect at various stages of dementia). Highlighted is ATM/ATR regulation of G1/S transition pathways. The tumor protein p53 is a hub gene in this network.</p

TIGAR is abundant in large pyramidal neurons in deep cortical layers (V–VI) of STG from the human brain.

<p>(A–C) Immunostaining for TIGAR visualized by peroxidase substrate DAB (brown staining) and counterstained with hematoxylin to visualize nuclei (blue). (D) Single staining with TIGAR; insert -negative control (secondary antibody staining). Strong staining of TIGAR was prevalent in cytoplasm and sometimes shows nuclear or perinuclear localization in large neurons as indicated by arrows (D).</p

Western blot (A) and protein expression levels of TIGAR (B) in STG (BA22) in dementia (CDRs >0.5) and schizophrenia.

<p>TIGAR expression values were normalized to GAPDH. **-p≤0.01; ***-p≤0.001.</p

Stabilita šťávy zeleného ječmene pomocí silic vybraných rostlinných druhů

Bachelor theses is themed Stabilization of juice a young barley with the use of essential oils of different plant species is focusing on the substances contained in a young barley, its cultivation and process of juice production and a use of essential oils for juice stabilization. The theoretical part it is dealing with cultivation and processing of a young barley then the different plant species and preservative properties of the essential oils. The practical part is focused on barley cultivation in laboratory conditions processing and a use of essential oils. Essential oils are from the conservation point of view a very valuable material and they are beginning to more widely use. In this project were used essential oils of different plant species and it fennel (Foeniculum), cinnamon (Cinnamonum), lemon balm (Melissa) and mint (Mentha). After adding the essential oils at the samples was carried out sensory evaluation and processing of the results

Psychologie prostředí a její uplatnění v procesu tvorby nábytku a interiéru

The main goal of this master thesis is to introduce environmental psychology and its application in the process of furniture and interior design. Environmental psychology is a significant field of applied psychology, which can provide useful information for designers and their work. The focus is mainly on means of perception of design components and features, such as shapes and colours, and its processing and interpretation. The thesis primarily describes theoretical studies, which can later serve as a philosophical principle for designer's creative proces, leading to creation of not only fully functional, but also psychologically pleasant design

Additional file 1: Table S1. of Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling in the superior temporal gyrus reveals epigenetic signatures associated with Alzheimer’s disease

Clinical features of AD and control samples. (XLSX 41 kb